1.8 Tsabar-tsabar Philisto-Larabci: Kuɗi, Iko da Cin Gashin Kai a Filistiya (karni na 6–4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa)
1.8 Philisto-arabian Coins: Currency, Power And Autonomy In Philistia (6th–4th Centuries Bc)
Duk da cewa an yi mulkin su karkashin daular waje (kai tsaye da kuma a kaikaice), birane masu ci gaba sosai na Filistiya (ko Filistin) su ne na farko da suka kafa tsarin kudi a Falasdin, kuma Filistiya ita ce yankin farko a kasar da aka ga sauyi daga tattalin arziki na tubalin zinariya da azurfa zuwa tattalin arziki na tsabar kudi, kuma an buga kudin Falasdin a Gaza daga shekara 538 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa zuwa mamayar Falasdin da Alexander Babba ya yi a shekara 332 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. Bayan haka, an buga kudin Girka na zamanin da, drachma, a birane da dama na Falasdin, ciki har da Gaza, Ascalon, Joppa (Jaffa) da Acre. Drachma ne ya haifar da dirham na azurfa, tsabar kudin Larabawa Musulmi wanda sunansa ya samo asali daga drachma.
Although coming under imperial (direct and indirect) rule, the highly advanced cities of Philistia (or Philistin) were the first to develop a monetary system in Palestine, and Philistia was the first region in the country to witness a movement from bullion to a coin economy and Palestinian currency struck in Gaza from 538 BC until the occupation of Palestine by Alexander the Great in 332 BC. Subsequently an ancient Greek-style currency, drachma, was struck in several Palestinian cities, including Gaza, Ascalon, Joppa (Jaffa) and Acre. The drachma gave rise to the silver dirham, the Arab Islamic coin whose name derives from the drachma.
Tsabar-tsabar ɗin Filistiya na ƙarni na 6 zuwa na 4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa yana nufin wani rukuni na tsabar azurfa, wanda aka tattauna sosai, na ƙarni na 6, na 5 da na 4, waɗanda masu mulkin kansu na biranen Falasɗinu Gaza, Ascalon da Ashdod suka yi. Waɗannan tsabar su ne farkon kuma mafi muhimmanci a ci gaban kuɗi a Falasɗinu. Wannan ci gaban kuɗin ya ci gaba a ƙarni na 4 har zuwa ƙarshen mulkin Achaemenid (Farisa).
The coinage of Philistia of the 6th‒4th centuries BC refers to the much-discussed group of silver coins of the 6th, 5th and 4th centuries, minted by the autonomous rulers of the Palestinian cities of Gaza, Ascalon and Ashdod, and these coins represent the earliest and most significant phase of the development of money in Palestine. This monetary development continued in the 4th century until the end of the Achaemenid (Persian)
mulkin Falasɗinu. Tsabar kuɗin farko na Filistiya sun kasance na azurfa da kuma na azurfa mai rufin zinariya. Wasu daga cikin fitattu kuma na musamman a cikin wannan babban tarin suna nan a Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya. Tsabar kuɗin da aka fitar a Filistiya sun yi yawo kuma an yi cinikinsu sosai a yankin Filisɗino-Larabawa, kuma suka zama sananne da tsabar kuɗin Filisɗino-Larabawa.
rule over Palestine. Philistia’s early coinage consisted of silver and silverplated coins. Some of the famous and unique pieces of this large collection are housed in the British Museum. The coins issued in Philistia circulated and were traded widely in the Philisto-Arabian region and became known as Philisto-Arabian coins.
Tsarin zane-zane na tsabar kuɗin Filistiya ya samo asali ne daga haɗakar tushen asali da salo daban-daban: na Girka, na Sidon, na Achaemenid, na Masar, da kuma na yankin Falasdinu. (Hill 1914, 2011; Tal 2016; Gitler and Tal 2006). An lura da kasancewar tsabar azurfa ta Girka ta zamanin Archaic, wadda ke da tasirin fasahar Athens sosai, daga marubuta da dama, inda suka ce "tasirin da ya fi bayyana a tsabar kuɗin Filistiya shi ne na Athens. Mutanen Filistiya sun lura da waɗannan alamu na baƙi, suka karɓe su kuma suka daidaita su don amfanin cikin gida" (Tal 2016:
The iconography of the coinage of Philistia was influenced by a melange of Greek, Sidonian, Achaemenid, Egyptian and local Palestinian sources and patterns (Hill 1914, 2011; Tal 2016; Gitler and Tal 2006). The presence of Greek Archaic silver coins, with strong Athenian artistic influences, was noted by several authors and the ‘most striking influence on the Philistia coinage is notably Athenian. The people of Philistia observed these foreign motifs and frequented adopted and adapted them to local use’ (Tal 2016:
Hoton (iconography) ɗin kuma ya nuna gungun ababen bautawa mabambanta na Assuriya, Masar, Girka da Falasɗinu.
253). The iconography also represents the most miscellaneous assemblage of deities of Assyria, Egypt, Greece and Palestine.