10.2 Daga Karm Al-khalili zuwa Kerem Avraham (1855): Mulkin Mallaka na James Finn - Falasdinu: Tarihin Shekaru Dubu Hudu | Quran Course

10.2 Daga Karm Al-khalili zuwa Kerem Avraham (1855): Mulkin Mallaka na James Finn - Falasdinu: Tarihin Shekaru Dubu Hudu | Quran Course

Sunayen wurare a Falasdinu sun jawo hankalin Kiristoci masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Turai a karni na 19. Ayyukan sanya sunayen wurare da canza sunayen yankuna a Falasdinu sun zama kayan aiki masu karfi a hannun kasashen Turai da suke gogayya wajen shiga kasar da aka ambata a Littafi Mai Tsarki. Turawan Ingila su ne farkon wadanda suka fahimci karfin binciken da gwamnati ke daukar nauyinsa, suka kuma fara amfani da shi, inda suka hada ilimin kasa na Littafi Mai Tsarki da shirye-shiryen "maido da" Yahudawa, da tonon kayan tarihi, da mamayar mulkin mallaka a Falasdinu. Kerem Avraham ('Gonar Inabi ta Ibrahim') ita ce mazaunar Burtaniya ta farko, wacce ta fara a matsayin karamar mazauna da aka kafa a shekarar 1855 ta hannun jakadan Burtaniya mai tasiri a Urushalima, James Finn, da matarsa Elizabeth Anne Finn, 'yar wani fitaccen malamin Ibrananci dan Ingila, wadda da kanta ta iya magana da harshen Ibrananci. James Finn, wanda ya yi aiki a Urushalima karkashin Daular Usmaniyya daga 1846 zuwa 1863, shi ne yake da iko mara iyaka a birnin, kuma ya zama babban mutum a shigar Turawa Falasdinu a tsakiyar karni na 19. Ya kuma hada aikin diflomasiyyarsa na Burtaniya da ayyukan mishan na Kirista. Ayyukansa sun shirya hanya ga binciken Littafi Mai Tsarki da taswirar soja ta Falasdinu da jami'an Rundunar Injiniyoyin Sarauta ta Burtaniya suka yi a madadin Asusun Binciken Falasdinu da ke birnin Landan.

Palestinian place names attracted the attention of fundamentalist Christians and European imperialists in the 19th century. Toponymic projects and geographical replacing of place names in Palestine became powerful tools in the hands of the European powers which competed to penetrate the land of the Bible. The British were the first to recognise and exploit the power of state-sponsored explorations and began to link scriptural geography with ‘restorationist’ schemes, excavations and colonial penetration of Palestine. The first British colony of Kerem Avraham (‘Abraham Vineyard’) began as a small settlement founded in 1855 by the influential British Consul in Jerusalem James Finn, and his wife Elizabeth Anne Finn, the daughter of a noted English Hebrew scholar and herself a Hebrew speaker. James Finn, who served in Ottoman Jerusalem from 1846 to 1863, reigned supreme in the city and he became a central figure in the mid-19th century European penetration of Palestine. He also combined his British diplomatic job with Christian missionary activities. His activities paved the way for the biblical explorations and military mapping of Palestine by officers of the British Royal Engineering Corp on behalf of the London-based Palestine Exploration Fund.

Bayan shekarar 1967 da Isra'ila ta ci gaba da mamaye yankuna, dole ta dogara wajen fahimtarta game da Birnin Kudus kan wani abu da aka yi wa kwaskwarima, wato 'Birnin Kudus na Zinariya', tare da yin kira ga haƙƙoƙin tarihi da na akida marasa ma'ana a yankunan da ta karɓe, tana kuma dogara da da'awarta a kan faɗaɗa iyaka da mamayewa da 'fansar ƙasa' ta hanyar mulkin mallaka na masu tsugunar da kansu. Irin wannan tsari na kwace da goge gadon tarihin Falasɗinawa, da kuma sanya sunayen wuraren Ibrananci na mulkin mallaka na Zionist a kan wuraren Falasɗinawa, ya ci gaba bayan 1967. Kusan nan take bayan an ci Gabashin Birnin Kudus, aka sauya sunan Gidan Tarihin Kayan Tarihi na Falasɗinu, wanda ke wakiltar asalin al'adu iri-iri da gadon tarihin da Falasɗinu ke da shi tare, zuwa Gidan Tarihin Rockefeller. An kai wasu kayayyaki zuwa Haikalin Littafi (Ibrananci: Hekhal Hasefer), reshe ne na Gidan Tarihin Isra'ila a Yammacin Birnin Kudus, wanda ke ajiye wasu sassan Littattafan Tekun Gishiri da aka gano a shekarun 1947-1956 a cikin kogunan Qumran. Gidan Tarihin Kayan Tarihi na Falasɗinu yana a Karm al-Shakyh, 'Gonar Inabi' ta Shaikh al-Khalili, wani tudu da ke wajen kusurwar arewa maso gabashin Tsohon Birni. An ƙirƙiro gidan tarihin kuma aka kafa shi a lokacin mulkin Ƙasashen Ƙawance, tare da tallafin kuɗi daga iyalan Rockefeller.

After the 1967 conquests, the Israeli state was bound to base its conception of Jerusalem upon a mythologised entity, ‘Jerusalem of Gold’, and to invoke abstract historical and ideological rights in the newly acquired territories, as well as resting its claim on territorial expansion and domination and the ‘redemption of land’ through settler-colonisation. The same process of appropriation and erasure of Palestinian heritage and the superimposition of a Zionist Hebrew colonising toponymy on Palestinian sites continued after 1967. Almost immediately after the conquest of East Jerusalem the Palestine Archaeological Museum, which represented the multicultural identity and shared heritage of Palestine, was renamed the Rockefeller Museum. Some items were taken to the Shrine of the Book (Hebrew: Hekhal Hasefer), a wing of the Israel Museum in West Jerusalem, which houses parts of the Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in 1947‒1956 in the Qumran caves. The Palestine Archaeological Museum had been located on Karm al-Shakyh, the ‘Vineyard’ of Shaykh al-Khalili, a hill just outside the north-eastern corner of the Old City. The museum had been conceived and established during the Mandatory period, with financial support from the Rockefeller family.