10.18 Daga Yerushalayim Zuwa Orshalim: Rubuta Sunayen Wurare da Alamomin Hanya na Sabon Harshen Ibrananci a Turanci da Larabci
10.18 From Yerushalayim To Orshalim: The Transliteration Of New Hebrew Toponyms And Road Signs Into English And Arabic
Hanyoyin Yahudanci, Ibraniyanci da Tsarin Littafi Mai Tsarki da aka fara bayan 1948 sun ci gaba zuwa zamanin bayan 1967. Isra'ila ta fara tsoma baki a alamun hanya da sunayen wurare na Larabci a gabashin Kudus da aka mamaye nan take bayan Yunin 1967. A wannan shekarar ta kirkiro sabuwar kalma, Orshalim, wadda aka ce ita ce sigar Larabci ta kalmar Ibraniyanci ta Kudus, Yerushalayim.32 A 'yan shekarun nan dubban alamun hanya sun zama sabon fagen yakin Isra'ila na hanzarta goge gadon sunayen wurare na Palasdinawa Larabawa a kasar. Tsarin, wanda ya fara kafin 1967, ya hada da rubuta sabbin sunayen wurare da alamun hanya na Ibraniyanci a cikin Turanci da Larabci. A watan Yulin 2009, Ministan Sufuri na Isra'ila Yisrael Katz ya sanar da sabon tsarin alamun hanya ga dukkan manyan hanyoyi a Isra'ila, gabashin Kudus da aka mamaye ma har wasu sassan Yammacin Kogin Jordan da aka mamaye, wanda za a "daidaita" ta hanyar mayar da sunayen wurare na asali na Larabci zuwa rubutun sautin sabon sunan Ibraniyanci kai tsaye. A al'adance wasu alamun hanya a Isra'ila sun hada sunayen da aka rubuta cikin harsuna uku daga sama zuwa kasa: Ibraniyanci (da farko), Turanci da Larabci. Karkashin tsarin 2009 na Ma'aikatar Sufuri, wadda ta bayyana a fili dalilin siyasa a bayan manufarta, Kudus, ko al-Quds a Larabci, za a daidaita ta a dukkan gabashin Kudus a matsayin Yerushalayim kuma a rubuta ta a Larabci Orshalim; Nazarat, ko al-Nasirah a Larabci, za a daidaita ta zama Natzrat; kuma Jaffa, tashar jiragen ruwa ta Palasdinawa wadda lemun tsami na Palasdinu ya shahara da sunan Jaffa oranges a bayanta, za ta zama Yafo. Dangane da Nablus ta Palasdinu, ma'aikatar kuma tana neman hanyoyin rubuta sunan Ibraniyanci/na Littafi Mai Tsarki Shechem da Larabci. Yau duk manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama na duniya da ke tashi zuwa filin jirgin sama na Ben-Gurion (wanda a baya ake kira filin jirgin sama na Lydda, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1936 a lokacin mulkin Burtaniya na wakilci, daga baya kuma aka sake masa suna bayan Firaministan farko na Isra'ila) suna amfani da rubutun Ibrananci na sunan wurin nan na Larabci Yafa (Jaffa), ta hanyar jawo hankalin fasinjojinsu a lokacin isowa zuwa yanayin yanayi a yankin Yafo-Tel Aviv.
The official Judaisation, Hebraicisation and biblicisation schemes which began after 1948 continued into the post-1967 era. Israel began interfering with Arabic road signs and toponyms in occupied East Jerusalem immediately after June 1967. In that year it coined a new word, Orshalim, that was supposed to be the Arabic form of the Hebrew word for Jerusalem, Yerushalayim.32 In recent years thousands of road signs became the latest front in Israel’s battle of accelerating the erasure of the Palestinian Arab toponymic heritage of the land. The pattern, which began before 1967, included the transliteration of newly coined Hebrew toponyms and road signs into both English and Arabic. In July 2009, the Israeli Transport Minister Yisrael Katz announced a new road signs scheme for all major roads in Israel, occupied East Jerusalem and even parts of occupied West Bank to be ‘standardised’ by converting the original Arabic place names into straight transliterations of the new Hebrew name. Traditionally some road signs in Israel included names that were rendered in three languages top-to-bottom: Hebrew (first), English and Arabic. Under the 2009 scheme of the Transport Ministry, which was open about the political motivation behind its policy, Jerusalem, or al-Quds in Arabic, would be standardised throughout occupied East Jerusalem as Yerushalayim and transliterated into Arabic Orshalim; Nazareth, or al-Nasirah in Arabic, would be standardised into Natzrat; and Jaffa, the Palestinian port city after which Palestine’s oranges became famous as Jaffa oranges, would be Yafo. As for Palestinian Nablus, the ministry was also looking for ways to spell the Hebrew/biblical-sounding name Shechem in Arabic.33 Today all major international airlines which fly to Ben-Gurion Airport (formerly Lydda airport, which was created in 1936 during the British Mandatory period and later renamed after Israel’s first Prime Minister) use the Hebrew transliteration of the Arabic toponym Yafa (Jaffa) by drawing the attention of their passengers on arrival to weather in the Yafo-Tel Aviv region.