9.15 Cibiyoyi da Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasar Falasɗinu a Lokacin Bayan Nakba: Siyasar Juyin Juya Hali ta PLO
9.15 Palestinian National Institutions And Organisations In The Post-nakba Period: The Revolutionary Politics Of The Plo
A cikin lokacin bayan Nakba, an kafa ƙungiyoyi masu yawa na mulkin mallaka na Falasdinawa da cibiyoyin boko marasa alaƙa da addini. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin juyin juya hali sun riga sun kafa PLO a 1964, kuma sun yi tsammanin kafuwarta, daga cikinsu akwai Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Falasdinawa a Alkahira (1952), Babbar Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Falasdinawa (1959), ƙungiyar farko ta Fateh (Ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Falasdinawa ta Ƙasa), wadda aka kafa a 1959 a kusa da wata gabar magana mai suna Filastinuna (Falasdinunmu), Ƙungiyar Mata ta Falasdinawa (1963) da Babbar Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Falasdinawa (1963).
In the post-Nakba period a large number of Palestinian anti-colonial organisations and secular institutions were established. Several of these revolutionary bodies predated and anticipated the founding of the PLO in 1964 and these included the Palestinian Student Union in Cairo (1952), the General Union of Palestinian Students (1959), the first group of Fateh (Palestinian National Liberation Movement), founded in 1959 around an organ called Filastinuna (Our Palestine), the Palestinian Women’s League (1963) and the General Union of Palestinian Workers (1963).
Hukumomin ƙasa da aka kafa bayan Nakba sun haɗa da:
The national bodies created in the post-Nakba period included:
• Gwamnatin Duka-Falasɗinu (Hukumat ‘Umum Filastin) a Gaza a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1948.
• All-Palestine Government (Hukumat ‘Umum Filastin’) in Gaza on 1 October 1948.
Ƙungiyar Ɗalibai ta Falasdinu ta kafu a birnin Alƙahira a farkon shekarun 1950, karkashin jagorancin Yasir Arafat.
• The Palestinian Student Union set up in Cairo in the early 1950s, led by Yasir Arafat.
• Fateh (Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini; Ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Ƙasar Falasɗinu) an kafa ta ne a shekarar 1959. Mujallarta ta farko ta ɓoye, wadda ta fara fitowa kowane wata a shekarar 1959 ƙarƙashin editan Khalil al-Wazir (1935‒1988), wanda ɗan gudun hijira ne daga al-Ramla, an mata suna Filastinuna, Nida al-Hayat (Ƙasarmu Falasɗinu, Kiran Rayuwa).
• Fateh (Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini; Palestinian National Liberation Movement) was founded in 1959. Its first underground magazine which began to appear monthly in 1959 – under the editorship of Khalil al-Wazir (1935‒1988), a refugee from al-Ramla – was called Filastinuna, Nida al-Hayat (Our Palestine, the Call to Life).
• Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Falasɗinawa ta Duniya (GUPS), wadda aka kafa a Alƙahira a shekarar 1959, kuma ta zama wani ɓangare na PLO a shekarar 1969.
• The General Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS), established in Cairo in 1959, becoming part of the PLO in 1969.
Ƙungiyar Matan Falasɗinu ta Ƙasar Masar (League) an kafa ta a birnin Alƙahira a shekara ta 1963; daga baya a shekara ta 1965 aka haɗa ta cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Matan Falasɗinu.
• The Palestinian Women’s League was established in Cairo in 1963; later in 1965 absorbed into the General Union of Palestinian Women.
Babban Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Falasɗinawa (GUPW) an kafa ta a Hilwan da ke Masar a shekarar 1963, inda ta zama wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Falasɗinu (PLO) wadda aka ƙirƙira a sabuwa a shekarar 1965.
• The General Union of Palestinian Workers (GUPW) was established in Hilwan in Egypt in 1963, becoming part of the newly created PLO in 1965.
Majalisar Ƙasa ta Falasɗinawa (PNC) ta farko ta yi taro a (Gabashin) Ƙudus a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1964, kuma ta kafa PLO a hukumance. PNC ta zama majalisar dokoki ta PLO.
• The first Palestinian National Council (PNC) met in (East) Jerusalem on 2 June 1964 and formally founded the PLO. The PNC became the legislative body of the PLO.
An kafa Ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Falasɗinu (PLO) a watan Yunin 1964.
• The Palestine Liberation Organisation was established in June 1964.
• Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa ta Falasɗinu (al-Mithaq al-Watani al-Filastini) ta PLO an fara amincewa da ita a watan Yuni na shekarar 1964.
• The Palestinian National Charter (al-Mithaq al-Watani al-Filastini) of the PLO was first adopted in June 1964.
An Asusun Ƙasa na Falasɗinu an kafa shi a shekara ta 1964, kuma ya bi ka'ida ta Mataki na 24 na PLO don ba da kuɗin ayyukan PLO. Asusun na PNF yana da alhakin sarrafa taimakon kuɗi da ke zuwa daga wurare daban-daban.
• The Palestinian National Fund was set up 1964 and conformed to Article 24 of the PLO to finance the activities of the PLO. The PNF is responsible for managing financial aid coming from a variety of sources:
kuɗaɗe daga ƙasashen Larabawa, gudummawa daga attajirai Falasdinawa, da kuma "harajin 'yanci" da ake karɓa daga Falasdinawan da ke aiki a ƙasashen Larabawa.
funds from Arab states, contributions from wealthy Palestinians and a ‘liberation tax’ levied on Palestinians working in Arab countries.
• Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Falasɗinu (Fateh) an kafa ta ne a shekarar 1965, kuma ta karɓi ragamar PLO a shekarar 1968; jaridar hukuma ta PLO, Filastin al-Thawrah (Falasɗinu ta Juyin Juya Hali), an kafa ta a Beirut a shekarar 1972.
• The Palestine Liberation Movement (Fateh) was established in 1965 and took over the PLO in 1968; the official organ of the PLO, Filastin al-Thawrah (Palestine of the Revolution), was set up in Beirut in 1972.
An kafa Babbar Ƙungiyar Matan Falasdinu a shekarar 1965 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar PLO, da manufar tsara matan Falasdinu da kuma inganta rawar da suke takawa sosai a fannonin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa na Falasdinawa.
• The General Union of Palestinian Women was established in 1965 as part of the PLO and with the goal of organising Palestinian women and promoting an active role for them in Palestinian social, social, economic and political spheres.
• Jabhar Jama'ar Sha'anin Falasdinu don 'Yantar da Falasdinu (al-Jabhah al-Sha'biyyah li-Tahrir Filastin) ƙungiya ce ta gurguzu ta Falasɗinawa, ba ta addini ba, wadda Dr George Habash (1926–2008) ya kafa a shekarar 1967. Dr Habash ɗan gudun hijira ne na Falasɗinu daga Lydda, a lokacin mulkin Burtaniya a Falasdinu. Ita ce ta biyu mafi girma cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa Ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Falasɗinu (PLO).
• The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (al-Jabhah al-Sha ʿbiyyah li-Tahrir Filastin) is a secular Palestinian socialist organisation founded in 1967 by Dr George Habash (1926–2008), a Palestinian refugee from Lydda, Mandatory Palestine. It has been the second largest of the groups forming the PLO.
Kwamitocin Ƙungiyar Matan Falasɗinu an kafa su ne a shekara ta 1980.
• The Union of Palestinian Women Committees was set up in 1980
don don ƙarfafa mata Falasɗinawa da kuma ba da gudummawa ga gwagwarmayar ƙasa ta Falasɗinawa a kan mamayar sojojin Isra'ila. Tun shekarar 2001 ma'aikatar cikin gida ta Falasɗinu ce ta ba wannan Ƙungiya lasisi.
to empower Palestinian women and to contribute to the Palestinian national struggle against the Israeli military occupation. Since 2001 the Union has been licensed by the Palestinian Interior Ministry.
• Hukumar Falasɗinawa ta ƙasa an kafa ta ne bayan Yarjejeniyar Oslo a shekarar 1993. Tun daga lokacin ta kasance tana mulkin wani ƙaramin yanki na yankunan Falasɗinu da aka mamaye a cikin gida.
• The Palestinian National Authority was established following the Oslo Accords in 1993. Since then it has internally governed a small part of the occupied Palestinian territories.
• Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Falasɗinu (PBC) an kafa shi ne a watan Yulin 1994, a ƙarƙashin ikon Hukumar Ƙasar Falasɗinu da aka kafa kwanan nan. PBC na da tashar rediyo ta ƙarƙashinsa, Muryar Falasɗinu, da tashar tauraron ɗan adam, Tashar Tauraron Ɗan Adam ta Falasɗinu. Tashar talabijin ta Falasɗinu ta fara watsa shirye-shirye a shekarar 1996 a Gaza (Jamal 2005).
• The Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) was established in July 1994 within the jurisdiction of the newly formed Palestinian National Authority. The PBC has a subsidiary radio station, the Voice of Palestine, and a satellite channel, Palestinian Satellite Channel. The Palestinian TV channel first began broadcasting in 1996 in Gaza (Jamal 2005).
• Hukumar Kula da Kayayyakin Tarihi da Al'adun Gargajiya ta Falasdinu an kafa ta ne da Hukumar Mulkin Falasdinu a shekarar 1994. Shugabanta na dogon lokaci, masanin ilimin kayan tarihi na Falasdinu Dakta Hamdan Taha, ya dauke ta a matsayin farfado da Sashen Kayayyakin Tarihi na Falasdinu wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1920.
• The Palestinian Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage was created by the Palestinian National Authority in 1994. Its long-time head, Palestinian archaeologist Dr Hamdan Taha, saw it as a revival of the Palestine Department of Antiquities which was established in 1920
a karkashin Mandate na Birtaniya (Taha 2010).
under the British Mandate (Taha 2010).
Siyasar juyin-juya hali ta PLO ta fuskanci raguwa mai tsanani bayan ficewar PLO daga Lebanon a shekarar 1982. Tun daga lokacin PLO da cibiyoyinta na kasa sun zama an fi mayar da su gefe bayan sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Oslo a shekarar 1993, musamman tun bayan kafa Hukumar Kasar Falasdinu a shekarar 1994. Duk da haka, gadon tarihi, siyasar juyin-juya hali da darajar alama ta PLO a matsayinta na motsin 'yantar da kasar Falasdinu, wanda ke dogara da wakilcin jama'a kuma yana samun goyon baya mai yawa daga motsin adawa da mulkin mallaka a Duniya ta Uku, sun wuce rauni da rashin aiki na tsarin kungiyarta na yanzu da kuma kusan shanyewar siyasarta.
The revolutionary politics of the PLO experienced sharp decline after the departure of the PLO from Lebanon in 1982. Since then the PLO and its national institutions have become largely marginalised after the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993, and especially since the creation of the Palestinian National Authority in 1994. However, the historic legacy, revolutionary politics and symbolic value of the PLO as a Palestinian national liberation movement, based on popular representation and enjoying significant support among anti-colonial movements in the Third World, go far beyond its current weak and dysfunctional organisational structures and virtual political paralysis.