9.16 Studia Palaestina: Nazarin Falasdinu da Yaduwar Cibiyoyin Bincike da Kungiyoyin Zamani
9.16 Studia Palaestina: Palestine Studies And The Proliferation Of Modern Research Societies And Institutions
A zamanin nan, ilimin nazarin Falasdinu a matsayin fannin ilimi ya bunkasa sosai a nahiyoyi da dama, kuma ya ci gaba da fadada a cikin shekarun baya. Duk da haka, wasu cibiyoyin da aka kafa kwanan nan suna mayar da hankali sosai kan Falasdinu ta zamani da rikicin Larabawa da Isra'ila. Bugu da kari, idan ana magana kan tarihin dadadden wannan yanki, malaman Turai na zamani (da kuma kungiyoyin ilimi na farko na Zionist, kamar Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1914) suna amfani da kalmar 'Falasdinu' ba tare da banbanci ba, har ma idan suna magana kan tarihin Yahudawa.
In modern times Palestine Studies as a scholarly discipline has grown phenomenally across several continents and has continued to expand in recent decades – although some of the recently founded centres focus largely on modern Palestine and the Arab‒Israeli conflict. Furthermore, when referring to the ancient history of this region, modern European scholarship (and early Zionist scholarly societies such as the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, founded in 1914) universally and unanimously talk about ‘Palestine’, even when referring to Jewish history.
Buɗe ƙasar "Ƙasa Mai Tsarki" ga mamayar siyasa da al'adu-addini ta Turai a karni na 19 ya haifar da tarin littattafai masu yawa game da Falasdinu. Ga wasu daga cikin kungiyoyin ilimi/cibiyoyi/ayyuka/gidajen tarihi/mujallu da suka shafi nazarin Falasdinu da tarihi da gadon Falasdinu na dā:
The opening of the ‘Holy Land’ to Europe’s political, cultural-religious penetration in the 19th century resulted in mountains of publications on Palestine. To cite some of the scholarly societies/centres/projects/museums/ journals relevant to Palestine Studies and the ancient history and heritage of Palestine:
• Asusun Binciken Falasdinu (Palestine Exploration Fund), wanda aka kafa a Landan a shekarun 1860, da mayar da hankali kan tsohuwar Falasdinu; ya buga Mujallar Binciken Falasdinu ta Kwata-kwata (Palestine Exploration Quarterly).
• The Palestine Exploration Fund, founded in London in the 1860s with a focus on ancient Palestine; it published the Palestine Exploration Quarterly.
Ƙungiyar Marubutan Littattafan Mahajjata Falasdinu: wata ƙungiya da aka kafa a shekara ta 1884, ta yi aiki na shekaru goma sha ɗaya, kuma ta buga fassarar rubuce-rubucen zamanin tsakiya masu alaƙa da tarihin aikin hajji zuwa Ƙasar Mai Tsarki.
• The Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society: an organisation established in 1884, the society operated for eleven years and published translations of medieval texts relevant to the history of pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
An ba kulawa ta musamman ga labaran da ke ɗauke da bayanan ƙasa da yanayin wuri cikin harsuna iri-iri, ciki har da Helenanci, Latin, Larabci, Ibrananci, Tsohon Faransanci, Rashanci da Jamusanci. Daga cikin littattafan da ta buga akwai fassarar Guy Le Strange daga Larabci da bayaninsa na aikin al-Muqaddasi (al-Maqdisi) mai taken: Description of Syria, including Palestine by Mukaddasi (1986), da kuma Nasir-I-Khusrau's Diary of a Journey Through Syria and Palestine (1888).
Particular attention was given to accounts containing geographical or topographical information in a variety of languages, including Greek, Latin, Arabic, Hebrew, Old French, Russian and German. Its publications included Guy Le Strange’s translation from Arabic and annotation of al-Muqaddasi’s (al-Maqdisi’s) work under the title: Description of Syria, including Palestine by Mukaddasi (1986), Nasir-I-Khusrau’s Diary of a Journey Through Syria and Palestine (1888).
• Ƙungiyar Jamus don Binciken Falasdinu (Deutscher Verein für die Erforschung Palästinas). Mujallar shekara-shekara ta ƙungiyar ita ce Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (Mujallar Ƙungiyar Jamus don Binciken Falasdinu).
• Deutscher Verein für die Erforschung Palästinas (German Society for the Exploration of Palestine). The Society’s annual publication was Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (Journal of the German Society for the Exploration of Palestine).
• Ƙungiyar Jamusawa don Binciken Filasɗin (Deutscher Verein zur Erforschung Palästinas) an kafa ta a 1877 bisa shawarar masanin ƙasa ɗan Switzerland Carl Zimmermann, ƙungiyar da ke inganta nazarin Littafi Mai Tsarki da binciken tarihi da al'adun Filasɗin. Daga 1877 ta rika buga Zeitschrift ɗin Zimmermann akai-akai.
• The Deutscher Verein zur Erforschung Palästinas (German Association for the Study of Palestine) was established in 1877 at the initiative of the Swiss geographer Carl Zimmermann’s association for the promotion of Bible Studies and research on the history and culture of Palestine. From 1877 it regularly published Zimmermann’s Zeitschrift.
• Ƙungiyar Imperial Orthodox Palestine (Rashanci: Императорское православное палестинское общество) an kafa ta a shekara ta 1882 a matsayin ƙungiyar ilimi da siyasa don nazarin Falasdinu. Bayan Juyin Juya Halin Bolshevik na shekara ta 1917, an sauya wa ƙungiyar suna zuwa Ƙungiyar Falasdinu ta Rasha (Rashanci: Российское Палестинское Общество).
• Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (Russian: Императорское православное палестинское общество) was founded in 1882 as a scholarly and political organisation for the study of Palestine. Following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 the society was renamed the Russian Palestine Society (Russian: Российское Палестинское Общество)
kuma an haɗe shi da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Tarayyar Soviet. An mayar da sunansa na asali a harshen Rashanci a shekara ta 1992.
and was attached to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Its original Russian name was restored in 1992.
• Zeitschrifl des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (Jaridar Ƙungiyar Binciken Ƙasar Falasɗinu ta Jamus) ita ce mujallar hukuma ta Cibiyar Binciken Kayan Tarihi ta Furotesta ta Jamus a Ƙasa Mai Tsarki (Deutsches Evangelisches Institut für Altertumswissenschaften des Heiligen Landes), wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1900. Tana rufe batutuwa kamar ilimin kayan tarihi, ilimin wurare, nazarin hotuna da alamomi, addini, ilimin al'umma, nazarin harshe da adabi.
• Zeitschrifl des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (Journal of the German Society for Exploration of Palestine) is the official bulletin of the German Protestant Institute of Archaeology in the Holy Land (Deutsches Evangelisches Institut für Altertumswissenschaften des Heiligen Landes), founded in 1900. It covers topics such as archaeology, topography, iconography, religion, social anthropology, philology and literature.
• Gidan Tarihi na Archaeology na Falasɗinu (al-Quds/Urushalima), an fara shi a 1918 kuma an buɗe shi a hukumance a 1938; Isra'ila ta sake masa suna "Gidan Tarihi na Rockefeller" bayan mamayar 1967.
• Palestine Archaeological Museum (al-Quds/Jerusalem), was initiated in 1918 and officially opened in 1938; it was renamed ‘Rockefeller Museum’ by Israel after the 1967 occupation.
Gidan Tarihin Al'adun Gargajiya na Falasdinu (al-Quds/Urushalima) an kafa shi a al-Qala'a a shekarun 1930.
• Palestine Folklore Museum (al-Quds/Jerusalem) was set up in al-Qala’a in the 1930s.
Ƙungiyar Binciken Falasdinu ta Yahudawa an kafa ta a shekarar 1914 da mayar da hankali kan tsohuwar Falasdinu; bayan shekarar 1948 aka sake sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Binciken Isra'ila.
• Jewish Palestine Exploration Society was founded in 1914 with a focus on ancient Palestine; it was renamed after 1948 as the Israel Exploration Society.
Mujallar Ƙungiyar Gabashin Falasdinu (The Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society) ƙungiyar Gabashin Falasdinu ce ta buga ta a Urushalima daga shekarar 1920 zuwa 1948, kuma ta mayar da hankali kan tarihin zamanin dā da kayayyakin tarihi.
• The Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society was published in Jerusalem by the Palestine Oriental Society from 1920 to 1948 and focused on ancient history and antiquities.
• Cibiyar Nazarin Falasdinu (Institute for Palestine Studies), wadda aka kafa a Beirut a shekara ta 1963, tana buga Mujallar Nazarin Falasdinu (Journal of Palestine Studies).
• The Institute for Palestine Studies, founded in Beirut in 1963, publishes the Journal of Palestine Studies.
Cibiyar Binciken Falasdinu an kafa ta ne da PLO a Beirut a shekarar 1965; ta buga wata mujalla mai suna Palestinian Affairs (Shu’un Filastiniyah).
• Palestine Research Centre was founded by the PLO in Beirut in 1965; it published a periodical entitled Palestinian Affairs (Shu’un Filastiniyah).
• Mujallar Nazarin Kasar Ƙasa Mai Tsarki da Falasɗin ta kafu ne a shekarar 2002; Jami'ar Edinburgh Press ce ke buga ta.
• Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies was founded in 2002; it is published by Edinburgh University Press.
Cibiyar Nazarin Falasdinu ta Turai da ke Jami'ar Exeter an kafa ta ne a shekara ta 2009.
• The European Centre for Palestine Studies, Exeter University was established in 2009.
Cibiyar Nazarin Falasdinu, Jami'ar Columbia, New York.
• Center for Palestine Studies, Columbia University, New York.
Cibiyar Nazarin Falasdinu (SOAS, London) an kafa ta ne a shekarar 2012.
• Centre for Palestine Studies (SOAS, London) was established in 2012.
Gidan Tarihi na Falasɗinu ya buɗe a Birzeit a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2016.
• The Palestinian Museum opened in Birzeit in May 2016.