Mengenai silsilah Nabi Muhammad ﷺ, terdapat tiga versi. Versi pertama telah disahkan oleh para ahli biografi dan silsilah, dan menyatakan bahwa silsilah Muhammad ﷺ dapat ditelusuri hingga ‘Adnan. Versi kedua menjadi bahan kontroversi dan keraguan, dan menelusuri silsilahnya melampaui ‘Adnan hingga Ibrahim. Versi ketiga, dengan beberapa bagian yang pasti keliru, menelusuri silsilahnya melampaui Ibrahim hingga Adam.

With respect to the lineage of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), there are three versions: The first was authenticated by biographers and genealogists and states that Muhammad’s genealogy has been traced to ‘Adnan. The second is subject to controversies and doubt, and traces his lineage beyond ‘Adnan back to Abraham. The third version, with some parts definitely incorrect, traces his lineage beyond Abraham back to Adam (Peace be upon him).

Setelah tinjauan singkat ini, kini diyakini perlu dipaparkan rincian yang lebih lengkap.

After this rapid review, now ample details are believed to be necessary.

Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdul-Muttalib (yang dipanggil Syaiba) bin Hasyim, (bernama ‘Amr) bin ‘Abd Manaf (yang dipanggil Al-Mughirah) bin Qusai (yang juga disebut Zaid) bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka‘b bin Lu’ay bin Ghalib bin Fihr (yang dipanggil Quraisy dan kabilahnya dinamai darinya) bin Malik bin An-Nadr (yang dipanggil Qais) bin Kinanah bin Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah (yang dipanggil ‘Amir) bin Ilyas bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Ma‘ad bin ‘Adnan.

The first part: Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdul-Muttalib (who was called Shaiba) bin Hashim, (named ‘Amr) bin ‘Abd Munaf (called Al-Mugheera) bin Qusai (also called Zaid) bin Kilab bin Murra bin Ka‘b bin Lo’i bin Ghalib bin Fahr (who was called Quraish and whose tribe was called after him) bin Malik bin An-Nadr (so called Qais) bin Kinana bin Khuzaiman bin Mudrikah (who was called ‘Amir) bin Elias bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Ma‘ad bin ‘Adnan.

Bagian kedua: ‘Adnan bin Add bin Humaisi‘ bin Salaman bin Aws bin Buz bin Qamwal bin Obai bin ‘Awwam bin Nashid bin Haza bin Bildas bin Yadlaf bin Tabikh bin Jahim bin Nahish bin Makhi bin Aid bin ‘Abqar bin ‘Ubaid bin Ad-Da‘a bin Hamdan bin Sanbir bin Yathrabi bin Yahzin bin Yalhan bin Ar‘awi bin Aid bin Deshan bin Aisar bin Afnad bin Aiham bin Muksar bin Nahith bin Zarih bin Sami bin Mazzi bin ‘Awda bin Aram bin Qaidar bin Ishmael putra Abraham (Alaihimas salam).

The second part: ‘Adnan bin Add bin Humaisi‘ bin Salaman bin Aws bin Buz bin Qamwal bin Obai bin ‘Awwam bin Nashid bin Haza bin Bildas bin Yadlaf bin Tabikh bin Jahim bin Nahish bin Makhi bin Aid bin ‘Abqar bin ‘Ubaid bin Ad-Da‘a bin Hamdan bin Sanbir bin Yathrabi bin Yahzin bin Yalhan bin Ar‘awi bin Aid bin Deshan bin Aisar bin Afnad bin Aiham bin Muksar bin Nahith bin Zarih bin Sami bin Mazzi bin ‘Awda bin Aram bin Qaidar bin Ishmael son of Abraham (Peace be upon them).

Bagian ketiga: melampaui Ibrahim (Peace be upon him), Ibnu Tarih (Azar) bin Nahur bin Saru‘ bin Ra‘u bin Falikh bin Abir bin Shalikh bin Arfakhshad bin Sam bin Nuh (Peace be upon him), bin Lamik bin Mutwashlack bin Akhnukh [yang dikatakan sebagai Nabi Idris (Enoch) (Peace be upon him) bin Yarid bin Mahla’il bin Qabin Anusha bin Shith bin Adam (Peace be upon him)

The third part: beyond Abraham (Peace be upon him) , Ibn Tarih (Azar) bin Nahur bin Saru‘ bin Ra‘u bin Falikh bin Abir bin Shalikh bin Arfakhshad bin Sam bin Noah (Peace be upon him) , bin Lamik bin Mutwashlack bin Akhnukh [who was said to be Prophet Idris (Enoch) (Peace be upon him) bin Yarid bin Mahla’il bin Qabin Anusha bin Shith bin Adam (Peace be upon him)

Keluarga Nabi Muhammad ﷺ disebut keluarga Hasyimi, dinisbatkan kepada kakek beliau, Hasyim bin 'Abd Manaf. Sekarang mari kita bicarakan sedikit tentang Hasyim dan keturunannya:

The family of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) is called the Hashimite family after his grandfather Hashim bin ‘Abd Munaf. Let us now speak a little about Hashim and his descendants:

1. Hasyim: Sebagaimana telah kami sebutkan sebelumnya, dialah yang bertanggung jawab memberi makan dan minum kepada para peziarah. Tugas ini menjadi tanggungannya ketika anak-anak ‘Abd Manaf dan anak-anak ‘Abd Ad-Dar sepakat membagi tugas-tugas di antara mereka. Hasyim adalah orang yang kaya dan jujur. Dialah yang pertama kali menyajikan roti yang direndam dalam kuah kepada para peziarah. Nama aslinya ‘Amr, tetapi ia dijuluki Hasyim karena kebiasaannya meremukkan roti (untuk para peziarah). Dialah juga orang pertama yang memulai dua perjalanan Quraisy, yaitu perjalanan musim panas dan perjalanan musim dingin. Diriwayatkan bahwa ia pergi ke Syam sebagai pedagang. Di Madinah, ia menikahi Salma binti ‘Amr dari Bani ‘Adi bin An-Najjar. Ia menghabiskan beberapa waktu bersamanya di Madinah, lalu kembali ke Syam ketika istrinya sedang hamil. Ia wafat di Ghazzah, Palestina, pada tahun 497 M. Kemudian istrinya melahirkan ‘Abdul-Muththalib dan menamainya Syaibah karena adanya uban di kepalanya, lalu ia membesarkannya di rumah ayahnya di Madinah. Tidak ada seorang pun dari keluarganya di Makkah yang mengetahui kelahirannya. Hasyim memiliki empat putra, yaitu Asad, Abu Shaifi, Nadhlah, dan ‘Abdul-Muththalib, serta lima putri, yaitu Asy-Syifa’, Khalidah, Da‘ifah, Ruqayyah, dan Jannah.

1. Hashim: As we have previously mentioned, he was the one responsible for giving food and water to the pilgrims. This had been his charge when the sons of ‘Abd Munaf and those of ‘Abd Ad-Dar compromised on dividing the charges between them. Hashim was wealthy and honest. He was the first to offer the pilgrims sopped bread in broth. His first name was ‘Amr but he was called Hashim because he had been in the practice of crumbling bread (for the pilgrims). He was also the first man who started Quraish’s two journeys of summer and winter. It was reported that he went to Syria as a merchant. In Madinah, he married Salma — the daughter of ‘Amr from Bani ‘Adi bin An-Najjar. He spent some time with her in Madinah then he left for Syria again while she was pregnant. He died in Ghazza in Palestine in 497 A.D. Later, his wife gave birth to ‘Abdul-Muttalib and named him Shaiba for the white hair in his head , and brought him up in her father’s house in Madinah. None of his family in Makkah learned of his birth. Hashim had four sons; Asad, Abu Saifi, Nadla and ‘Abdul-Muttalib, and five daughters Ash-Shifa, Khalida, Da‘ifa, Ruqyah and Jannah.

2. ‘Abdul-Muttalib: Sudah kita ketahui bahwa setelah wafatnya Hasyim, tugas memberi makan dan minum para jamaah haji beralih kepada saudaranya, Al-Muttalib bin ‘Abd Manaf (yang jujur, dermawan, dan terpercaya). Ketika ‘Abdul-Muttalib mencapai usia remaja, pamannya, Al-Muttalib, mendengar kabar tentangnya lalu pergi ke Madinah untuk menjemputnya. Ketika ia melihatnya, air mata memenuhi matanya dan mengalir di pipinya; ia memeluknya dan membawanya naik ke untanya. Namun, anak itu enggan pergi bersamanya ke Makkah sebelum ia mendapat izin ibunya. Al-Muttalib meminta ibunya agar mengizinkan anak itu ikut bersamanya ke Makkah, tetapi ibunya menolak. Al-Muttalib berhasil meyakinkannya dengan berkata: “Putramu akan pergi ke Makkah untuk mengembalikan kewibawaan ayahnya, dan untuk tinggal di sekitar Rumah Suci.” Di Makkah, orang-orang heran melihat ‘Abdul-Muttalib, dan mereka menganggapnya sebagai budak Al-Muttalib. Al-Muttalib berkata: “Dia adalah keponakanku, putra saudaraku Hasyim.” Anak itu dibesarkan di rumah Al-Muttalib, tetapi kemudian Al-Muttalib wafat di Bardman, Yaman, sehingga ‘Abdul-Muttalib mengambil alih dan berhasil menjaga kehormatan kaumnya serta melampaui kakek-kakeknya dalam perilaku mulianya, yang membuatnya mendapat cinta mendalam dan penghormatan tinggi dari penduduk Makkah.

3. Ketika Al-Muttalib wafat, Nawfal merebut pengasuhan keponakannya, ‘Abdul-Muttalib, dari tangannya. Maka ‘Abdul-Muttalib meminta pertolongan kepada Quraisy, tetapi mereka tidak mau memberikan dukungan apa pun kepada keduanya. Karena itu, ia menulis surat kepada paman-pamannya dari Bani An-Najjar (saudara-saudara ibunya) untuk datang membantunya. Pamannya, Abu Sa‘d bin ‘Adi (saudara ibunya), berangkat ke Makkah bersama delapan puluh penunggang kuda dan berkemah di Abtah, Makkah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib menyambut rombongan itu dan mengajak mereka ke rumahnya, tetapi Abu Sa‘d berkata: “Tidak, sebelum aku bertemu Nawfal.” Ia mendapati Nawfal sedang duduk bersama beberapa orang tua dari Quraisy di bawah naungan Ka‘bah. Abu Sa‘d menghunus pedangnya dan berkata: “Demi Allah, jika engkau tidak mengembalikan kepada keponakanku apa yang telah engkau ambil, aku akan membunuhmu dengan pedang ini.” Nawfal pun terpaksa menyerahkan kembali apa yang telah ia rampas, dan para pemuka Quraisy dijadikan saksi atas ucapannya. Setelah itu Abu Sa‘d pergi ke rumah ‘Abdul-Muttalib, tinggal di sana selama tiga malam, melaksanakan ‘umrah, lalu kembali ke Madinah. Kemudian Nawfal bersekutu dengan Bani ‘Abd Syams bin ‘Abd Manaf melawan Bani Hasyim. Ketika Khuza‘ah, sebuah kabilah, melihat dukungan Bani An-Najjar kepada ‘Abdul-Muttalib, mereka berkata: “Dia adalah anak kami sebagaimana dia adalah anak kalian. Kami lebih berhak mendukungnya daripada kalian.” Ibu ‘Abd Manaf termasuk di antara mereka. Mereka masuk ke Dar An-Nadwah dan mengadakan persekutuan dengan Bani Hasyim melawan Bani ‘Abd Syams dan Nawfal. Persekutuan inilah yang kelak menjadi sebab utama penaklukan Makkah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib menyaksikan dua peristiwa penting dalam hidupnya, yaitu penggalian sumur Zamzam dan peristiwa pasukan bergajah.

3. When Al-Muttalib died, Nawfal usurped ‘Abdul-Muttalib of his charges, so the latter asked for help from Quraish but they abstained from extending any sort of support to either of them. Consequently, he wrote to his uncles of Bani An-Najjar (his mother’s brothers) to come to his aid. His uncle, Abu Sa‘d bin ‘Adi (his mother’s brother) marched to Makkah at the head of eighty horsemen and camped in Abtah in Makkah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib received the men and invited them to go to his house but Abu Sa‘d said: “Not before I meet Nawfal.” He found Nawfal sitting with some old men of Quraish in the shade of Al-Ka‘bah. Abu Sa‘d drew his sword and said: “I swear by Allâh that if you don’t restore to my nephew what you have taken, I will kill you with this sword.” Nawfal was thus forced to give up what he had usurped, and the notables of Quraish were made to witness to his words. Abu Sa‘d then went to ‘Abdul-Muttalib’s house where he stayed for three nights, made ‘Umra and left back for Madinah. Later on, Nawfal entered into alliance with Bani ‘Abd Shams bin ‘Abd Munaf against Bani Hashim. When Khuza‘a, a tribe, saw Bani An-Najjar’s support to ‘Abdul-Muttalib they said: “He is our son as he is yours. We have more reasons to support him than you.” ‘Abd Munaf’s mother was one of them. They went into An-Nadwa House and entered into alliance with Bani Hashim against Bani ‘Abd Shams and Nawfal. It was an alliance that was later to constitute the main reason for the conquest of Makkah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib witnessed two important events in his lifetime, namely digging Zamzam well and the Elephant raid.

4. ‘Abdullah: Ayah Nabi Muhammad ﷺ. Ibunya adalah Fatimah binti ‘Amr bin ‘A’idh bin ‘Imran bin Makhzum bin Yaqdha bin Murra. ‘Abdullah adalah putra ‘Abdul-Muththalib yang paling cerdas, paling suci, dan paling dicintai. Dialah juga putra yang anak panah peramal diarahkan untuk disembelih sebagai kurban bagi Ka‘bah. Ketika ‘Abdul-Muththalib memiliki sepuluh putra dan mereka telah dewasa, ia menyampaikan kepada mereka nazarnya yang rahasia, dan mereka pun diam serta patuh menyetujuinya. Nama-nama mereka ditulis pada anak panah peramal dan diserahkan kepada penjaga sesembahan mereka yang paling mereka cintai, Hubal. Anak-anak panah itu dikocok dan diundi. Sebuah anak panah menunjukkan bahwa ‘Abdullah-lah yang harus disembelih. ‘Abdul-Muththalib kemudian membawa anak itu ke Ka‘bah dengan membawa pisau cukur untuk menyembelihnya. Namun kaum Quraisy, paman-pamannya dari suku Makhzum, dan saudaranya Abu Thalib berusaha mencegahnya melaksanakan maksudnya. Ia kemudian meminta pendapat mereka mengenai nazarnya. Mereka menyarankan agar ia memanggil seorang peramal wanita untuk memutuskan apa yang harus dilakukan. Peramal itu memerintahkan agar anak panah diundi antara ‘Abdullah dan sepuluh unta. Ia menambahkan bahwa undian harus diulang dengan menambah sepuluh unta setiap kali anak panah menunjuk ‘Abdullah. Proses itu terus diulang hingga jumlah unta mencapai seratus ekor. Pada titik ini anak panah menunjuk unta-unta tersebut, sehingga semuanya disembelih (demi kepuasan Hubal) sebagai ganti putranya. Daging unta yang disembelih dibiarkan untuk dimakan siapa pun, manusia maupun hewan.

4. ‘Abdullah: The father of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). His mother was Fatimah, daughter of ‘Amr bin ‘A’idh bin ‘Imran bin Makhzum bin Yaqdha bin Murra. ‘Abdullah was the smartest of ‘Abdul-Muttalib’s sons, the chastest and the most loved. He was also the son whom the divination arrows pointed at to be slaughtered as a sacrifice to Al-Ka‘bah. When ‘Abdul-Muttalib had ten sons and they reached maturity, he divulged to them his secret vow in which they silently and obediently acquiesced. Their names were written on divination arrows and given to the guardian of their most beloved goddess, Hubal. The arrows were shuffled and drawn. An arrow showed that it was ‘Abdullah to be sacrificed. ‘Abdul-Muttalib then took the boy to Al-Ka‘bah with a razor to slaughter the boy. Quraish, his uncles from Makhzum tribe and his brother Abu Talib, however, tried to dissuade him from consummating his purpose. He then sought their advice as regards his vow. They suggested that he summon a she-diviner to judge whereabout. She ordered that the divination arrows should be drawn with respect to ‘Abdullah as well as ten camels. She added that drawing the lots should be repeated with ten more camels every time the arrow showed ‘Abdullah. The operation was thus repeated until the number of the camels amounted to one hundred. At this point the arrow showed the camels, consequently they were all slaughtered (to the satisfaction of Hubal) instead of his son. The slaughtered camels were left for anyone to eat from, human or animal.