1.24 Uning so'nggi kasalligi, vafoti, so'nggi vasiyati va Umarni xalifa etib tayinlashi - Xulafoi Roshidin tarixi | Quran Course

1.24 Uning so'nggi kasalligi, vafoti, so'nggi vasiyati va Umarni xalifa etib tayinlashi - Xulafoi Roshidin tarixi | Quran Course

Men unning rizosi uchun rozi bo‘ladi va Allohning g‘azabi uchun g‘azablanadi. U yashirgan narsasi oshkor qilgan narsasidan yaxshiroqdir. Bu buyruq uchun undan kuchliroq bo‘lgan hech kim unga hokim bo‘lmaydi. Ba’zi sahobalar uning huzuriga kirdilar va biri unga dedi: «Umarni ustimizga xalifa qilib tayinlaganingizda, uning qattiqqo‘lligini ko‘rganingizdan keyin, Rabbingiz sizdan so‘raganda nima deysiz?» Abu Bakr dedi: «Allohga qasam, meni qo‘rqitmoqchimisiz? Men aytaman: “Ey Alloh, ularning ustiga Sening xalqing ichidagi eng yaxshisini xalifa qilib tayinladim.” Mendan orqangizda qolganlarga ham shuni yetkazing.» So‘ng u Usmonni chaqirdi va dedi: «Yoz: “Bismillahir-rohmanir-rohim. Bu Abu Bakr ibn Abu Quhofaning dunyodan ketayotgan paytdagi, dunyodan chiqayotgan va oxiratga kirayotgan paytdagi vasiyatidir. Bunda kofir iymon keltiradi, fojir aniq bo‘ladi va yolg‘onchi rost gapiradi. Men o‘limimdan keyin ustingizga xalifa qilib Umar ibn al-Xattobni tayinladim. Shuning uchun uning so‘zini tinglang va itoat qiling. Men Allohga, Uning Rasuliga, Uning dinига va o‘zimga hamda sizlarga nisbatan burchimni ado etishda kamchilik qilmadim. Agar u odil bo‘lsa, bu mening uning haqidagi fikrim va bilimimdir. Agar u o‘zgarsa, har bir kishi o‘zi qilgan ishning javobini oladi. Men yaxshilik niyat qildim, yashirin narsalarni bilmayman. ‘Zolim bo‘lganlar qaytadigan joylari qanday ekanini bilib olurlar!’ (Qur’on 26:227). Sizlarga Allohning salomi, rahmati va barakoti bo‘lsin.”» U yozuvni so‘radi va uni muhrladi. Keyin Usmonga buyurdi va u muhrlangan xatni olib chiqib ketdi. Odamlar bay‘at qildilar va bundan rozi bo‘ldilar. Abu Bakr Umarni yolg‘iz chaqirib, unga nima tavsiya qilmoqchi bo‘lsa, shuni tavsiya qildi. Shundan so'ng u uni tark etdi va Abu Bakr qo'llarini ko'tarib dedi: "Ey Alloh, men bununla ularning yaxshiligini istadim va ular uchun fitnadan qo'rqdim. Men ular uchun Sen eng yaxshi bilgan ishni qildim va ular uchun qaror qabul qilishda aqlimni ishga soldim. Ular orasidagi eng yaxshisini, eng kuchlisini va ularni to'g'ri yo'lga yetaklaydigan ishga eng intilganini ularning ustiga tayinladim. Menga Sening amring kelganida (ya'ni o'lim yetganida), ularning ustiga mening o'rnimga boshqasini qo'y, chunki ular Sening bandalaringdir, ularning peshonalari Sening qo'lingdadir. Ey Alloh, ularning hukmdorlarini to'g'rilagin va uni to'g'ri yo'ldan boradigan xalifalaringdan biri qilgin hamda uning ostidagilarni ham uchun to'g'rilagin." Ibn Sa'd va al-Hokim rivoyat qilishicha, Ibn Mas'ud dedi: "Odamlar orasida eng uzoqni ko'ra oladigan uch kishi bor edi: Abu Bakr 'Umarni xalifa qilib tayinlaganida, Muso alayhissalomning hamrohi (ayol) "Uni yollang!" deganida (Qur'on 28:26) va Fir'avnning bosh vaziri xotiniga "Uning (Yusufning) turar joyini hurmatli qil!" deganida (Qur'on 12:21)."

I le is pleased for the good pleasure (of Allah), and displeased for the displeasure (of Allah). What he conceals is better than what he makes public. No-one stronger for this command than him will ever have authority over it.’ Some of the Companions entered upon him and one said to him, ‘What will you say to your Lord when He asks you about your appointing cUmar as khalifah over us when you have seen his toughness?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘By Allah, are you trying to frighten me? I will say, “O Allah, I have appointed as khalifah over them the best of Your people.” Convey from me what I said to those behind you.’ Then he called cUthman and said, ‘Write, “In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate. This is the testament of Abu Bakr ibn Abi Quhafah at the end of his time in the world, as he was leaving it, and at the beginning of his time in the Akhirah, as he was entering it, where the disbeliever will believe, the wicked will be certain, and the liar will tell the truth. I have appointed after me as khalifah over you cUmar ibn al-Khattab; so listen to him and obey him. I have not fallen short in my duty to Allah and His Messenger and His deen and to myself and you. If he is just, then that is my opinion of him and my knowledge of him. If he changes things, then every man has that which he earned. I intended good, and I do not know the hidden things, ‘... and the ones who do wrong shall know what place of transformation they will be transferred to! (Qur’an 26: 227) Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.’” He asked for the writing and sealed it. Then he ordered 1 Uthman, and he went out with the letter thus sealed, and people pledged allegiance and were pleased with it. Abu Bakr summoned ‘ Umar in private and advised him whatever he advised him. Then he left him and Abu Bakr raised his hands and said, ‘O Allah, I only meant by that their good and feared dissension for them, and I have done for them what You know best, and I have exerted my intellect for them in arriving at a decision, and have appointed the best of them over them, and the strongest of them, and the most eager of them for that which would guide them. And there has come to me of Your command what has come to me (death), so put another in my place over them, for they are Your slaves, their forelocks are in Your hand. O Allah, put right their rulers, and make him one of Your khalifahs who take the right way, and put right his subjects for him.’ Ibn Sacd and al-Hakim narrated that Ibn Mascud said: The most farsighted of people were three: Abu Bakr when he appointed cUmar as khalifah, the woman companion of Musa when she said, ‘Hire him!' (Qur’an 28: 26), and the chief minister (of Fii^awn) when he said to his wife, ‘Honour his (Yusuf’s) dwelling place! (Qur’an 12: 21).

Ibn Asokir rivoyat qilishicha, Yasar ibn Hamza aytgan: Abu Bakrning kasalligi og‘irlashganda, u o‘rnidan turib, kichik derazadan odamlarga qaradi va dedi: «Men ahd qildim. Shunga rozi bo‘lasizlarmi?» Shunda odamlar dedilar: «Biz rozi bo‘lamiz, Allohning Rasuli ﷺ xalifasi.» Keyin Ali o‘rnidan turib dedi: «Biz faqat Umar bo‘lsagina rozi bo‘lamiz.» U dedi: «U Umardir.» Ahmad rivoyat qilishicha, Oisha, Alloh undan rozi bo‘lsin, aytgan: Abu Bakrga o‘lim kelganda u dedi: «Bugun qaysi kun?» Ular dedilar: «Dushanba.» U dedi: «Agar men bu kecha o‘lsam, ertagacha kutmanglar, chunki menga kecha-kunduzning eng sevimlisi Allohning Rasuli ﷺ ga eng yaqin bo‘lganidir.» Molik rivoyat qilishicha, Oisha, Alloh undan rozi bo‘lsin, aytgan: Abu Bakr unga al-G‘ababdan yigirma yuk xurmo nihollarini sovg‘a qilgan. O‘limi yaqinlashganda u dedi: «Qizim, Alloh haqqi, odamlar orasida sen boyib ketganingni ko‘rishni men eng ko‘p istagan kishimsan va mendan keyin sening kambag‘alligingdan ko‘ra og‘irroq narsa menga yo‘q. Men senga yigirma yuk xurmo nihollarini sovg‘a qilgan edim. Agar ularni kesib olgan bo‘lsang, ular sening bo‘lardi. Lekin bugun ular faqat meros oluvchilarning mulkidir, ular sening ikki akang va ikki opang. Shuning uchun ularni Allohning kitobi bo‘yicha taqsimla.» U dedi: «Otajon, agar u shuncha va shuncha bo‘lganida ham, men undan voz kechardim. Mening oldimda faqat Asmo bor, boshqasi kim?» U dedi: «Xorijaning qizining qornidagi bola. Menimcha, u qiz bola.» Ibn Sa’d rivoyat qilgan. Boshqa riwoyatda u dedi: «Xorijaning qizining qornidagi bola. Menga shunday tuyuladiki, u qiz, shuning uchun uni o‘z g‘amxo‘rligingga ol.» Keyin u Umm Kulsum ni tug‘di.

Ibn cAsakir narrated that Yasar ibn Hamzah said: When Abu Bakr’s illness grew serious he stood and looked over the people from a small window and said, ‘I have made a covenant, so will you be contented with it?’ So the people said, ‘We will be content with it, Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah.’ Then cAli stood and said, ‘We will not be content unless it is cUmar.’ He said, ‘It is cUmar.’ Ahmad narrated that CA’ ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: When death came to Abu Bakr, he said, ‘What day is this?’ They said, ‘Monday.’ He said, ‘If I die tonight do not wait until tomorrow (to bury me), because the most beloved of days and nights to me is the closest to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ Malik narrated that CA’ ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said that Abu Bakr made a present to her of the fruit-cuttings of palm trees, twenty camel loads, from al-Ghabah. When death came to him he said, ‘My little daughter, by Allah, there is no human being that I would more love to see wealthy than you, and there is no-one whose poverty after me is more grievous to me than you. I had given you as a gift twenty camel loads of fruit-cuttings of palm trees; if you had cut them and taken them they would have been yours, however loti ay they are only the property of the ones who inherit, who are your two brothers and your two sisters, so divide them up by the hook of Allah.’ She said, ‘Father, even if it had been so much and so much I would have given it up. There is only Asma’ (her sister), who is the other (sister)?’ He said, ‘The child who is in the womb of Kharijah’s daughter; I think it is a girl.’ Ibn Sacd narrated it. In a version he said, ‘The child who is in the womb of Kharijah’s daughter; it occurs to me that it is a girl, so make her your concern.’ Then she gave birth to Umm Kulthum.