adhan - azon (namozga chaqiruv), mu’adhdhin - azon aytuvchi (namozga chaqiruvchi)

adhan - the call to prayer, mu’adhdhin - the one who calls to prayer.

Oxirat — keyingi hayot, keyingi dunyo.

Akhirah - what comes later, the next life.

calim pi. ulamo — bilimli kishi. "Olim faqat o'zi biladigan, so'ngra bilganiga muvofiq amal qiladigan va uning ilmi amali bilan mos keladigan kishidir", deydi Sayyidina Aliy. amir — amir (qo'mondon). Amir al-Mu'minin — mo'minlarning amiri, xalifaga berilgan hurmat unvoni. Imorat — amirlik.

calim pi. culama - a man of knowledge. ‘The ‘calim is only someone who knows, then acts according to what he knows, and whose knowledge is in accord with his action,’ Sayyiduna cAli, amir — commander. Amir al-Mu’minin — the Commander of the Believers, a title of respect given to the khalifah. Imarah — amirate.

Ansar – lit. Yordamchilar, Madinadagi odamlar, ular Alloh Elchisi ﷺ ni kutib olib, unga yordam bergan kishilardir. Shuningdek, Muhojirunga qarang.

Ansar - lit. Helpers, the people of Madinah who welcomed and aided the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. See also Muhajirun.

Aqiqa — bola tug'ilganda, boshini qirib, sochining og'irligiga teng kumush sadaqa qilinadi va qo'y so'yilib, go'shti boshqalar bilan ulashiladi va sadaqa qilib tarqatiladi.

caqiqah - at the birth of a child when the head is shaved and the hair’s weight in silver given away as sadaqah, and a sheep sacrificed and the meat shared with others and given away.

Arafa — Hajj marosimining asosiy kunida hojilar ibodat va duo qilib turadigan tekislik.

Arafah - the plain upon which the pilgrims stand during the pivotal day of the Hajj in prayer and supplication.

Ayah pl. ayat — belgi, mo''jiza va Qur'onning oyati.

ayah pi. ayat - a sign, miracle and a verse of the Qur’an.

al-Bait al-Maqdis — lit. Muqaddas uy, ya'ni Quddusdagi masjid yoki butun Quddus.

al-Bait al-Maqdis - lit. The Purified Dwelling, i.e. the mosque of Jerusalem or all of Jerusalem.

Bayt al-mol — tnajriy ma'noda "mol uyi": jamlangan zakot va boshqa daromadlar taqsimlanguncha saqlanadigan joy.

bait al-mal - lit. House of Property, where the collected zakat of the Muslims and other revenues are stored while awaiting distribution.

Al-Baqi' — Madinadagi qabriston, unda ko'plab sahobalar, Alloh ulardan rozi bo'lsin, dafn etilgan.

al-Baqic- the graveyard of Madinah where many of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, are buried.

Dajjal — lit. yolg'onchi, dunyo oxirining yaqinlashganidan dalolat beruvchi soxta Masih.

Dajjal - lit. Liar, the false Messiah whose appearance marks the imminent end of the world.

din — hayot-almashuv, so'zma-so'z: ikki tomon o'rtasidagi almashuv qarzi (<dayn), bu o'rinda Yaratuvchi bilan yaratilgan (banda) o'rtasidagi almashuv.

deen - the life-transaction, lit. the debt (<dayn) of exchange between two parties, in this usage between the Creator and the created.

zikr — lit. eslash, eslatish. Umumiy ma'noda barcha ibodatlar zikrdir. Odatiy foydalanishda esa u Allohni Uning ismlarini yoki muayyan so'zlarni takrorlash orqali chaqirish ma'nosini olgan.

dhikr - lit. remembrance, mention. In a general sense all acts of worship are dhikr. In common usage it has come to mean invocation of Allah by repetition of His names or particular formulae.

zimma – majburiyat yoki shartnoma, xususan, musulmon hududida yashovchi musulmon bo‘lmaganlar uchun himoya to‘g‘risidagi shartnoma.

dhimmah - obligation or contract, in particular a treaty of protection for non-Muslims living in Muslim territory.

dinar — taxminan 2008 yildagi qiymati $107 / £57,4 bo‘lgan oltin tanga.

dinar - a gold coin of approximate value $107/£57.4 (2008).

dirham — taxminan 2008 yildagi qiymati $3,18/£1,76 bo‘lgan kumush tanga. Faqat zakot hisobi uchun e’tiborga olinsinki, 10 dirham 1 dinorga teng.

dirham - a silver coin of approximate value $3.18/£1.76 (2008). Note that for zakat purposes only, 10 dirhams equals 1 dinar.

Dunyo — pastda va yaqin turgan narsa, ya'ni "dunyo". Bu so'z ko'pincha "hayot" so'zining sifati bo'lib keladi, shuning uchun u "quyi hayot" ma'nosini bildiradi.

Dunya — what is lower and closer to hand, the ‘world’. The word is most often an adjective o f‘life’, thus meaning the ‘lower life’.

Ied — Ramazon oyi va hajning oxirida nishonlanadigan bayram bo'lib, ommaviy namoz, zikr hamda o'zaro ziyorat va mehmondo'stlik bilan o'tkaziladi.

cEid - the celebration at the end of Ramadan and also at the end of the Hajj, marked by a general public prayer, dhikr and mutual visiting and hospitality.

faqih, fuqaha' — fiqh ilmida bilimli kishi.

faqih fuqaha'- a man learned in knowledge offiqh (see below).

fatvo — faqih bo'lgan, amir tomonidan vakolat berilgan muftiy tomonidan chiqarilgan, nufuzli huquqiy xulosa yoki hukm.

fatwa - an authoritative legal opinion or judgement made by a faqih who is a Mufti authorised by an amir.

Fiqh — bu shariat hukmlarini, ya'ni farz va vojib amallar, mustahab va sunnatlar, mubah ishlar, makruh va harom narsalarni tushunishga oid ilmdir.

fiqh - science of understanding the sharicah in terms of the obligations, recommendations, sunnahs, permitted matters, disapproved and forbidden matters.

fitna – sinov yoki balo, bu orqali inson sinovdan o‘tkaziladi yoki imtihon qilinadi, vasvasa, fuqarolar urushi va nizo, guruhbozlik va qirg‘in. Dastlab “yonish” ma’nosini anglatuvchi ildizdan kelib chiqqan, ya’ni oltin kabi metallni yondirib, uning chiqindisini ajratib olish ma’nosiga ega.

fitnah - a trial or affliction whereby one is tried or proved, a temptation, civil war and strife, faction and slaughter. Originally derived from a root meaning ‘burning’, with the sense of the burning of a metal such as gold to remove the dross.

G‘usl — butun tanani yuvish; Islomga kirish uchun, jinsiy aloqadan yoki maniy chiqqandan keyin, yoki juma va hayit namozlariga tayyorgarlik sifatida bajariladigan yuvinish.

ghusl - a washing of the entire body in order to enter Islam, after sexual intercourse or ejaculation, or preparatory for the weekly Jumucah and ‘Eid prayers.

Hadd pi. Hudud — lit. chegaralar, Allohning halol va harom bo‘yicha belgilagan chegara-hududlari. Hadd jazolari — shariat tomonidan muayyan jinoyatlar uchun belgilangan aniq, o‘zgarmas jazolardir.

hadd pi. hudud - lit. the limits, Allah’s boundary limits for the halal and the haram. The hadd punishments are the specific fixed penalties laid down by sharicah for specified crimes.

hadith pl. ahadith — nutq xabari, xususan Payg'ambar Muhammad ﷺ ning so'zlari. Sunnah bilan adashtirmaslik kerak.

hadith pi. ahadith — reported speech, particularly of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Not to be confused with Sunnah.

Hajj — Makkaga har yili qilinadigan ziyorat (haj). Halol — shariat tomonidan ruxsat etilgan. Harom — shariat tomonidan man etilgan; shuningdek, daxlsiz joy yoki narsa.

Hajj — the yearly pilgrimage to Makkah halal - permitted by the sharicah haram - forbidden by the sharicah-, also an inviolable place or object.

Hasan — lug'atda yaxshi, go'zal ma'nolarini bildiradi va shu sababli ishonchli, ammo isnodi to'liq mukammal bo'lmagan hadis turkumining nomi hisoblanadi.

hasan - lit. good, beautiful, and thus a category of hadith, which is reliable, but whose isnad is not perfect.

Havz — Payg'ambar Muhammad ﷺning Qiyomat kunidagi "hovuzi" bo'lib, uni Jannatdan keladigan daryolar to'ldirib turadi va undan u mo'minlarga ichiradi. Kim undan ichsa, u boshqa hech qachon chanqamaydi.

hawd - the ‘pond’ of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on the Last Day, which is replenished by rivers from the Garden and from which he will give the believers to drink. Whoever drinks from it will not thirst again.

hijob – ayol kishining sochi va tanasining yuz hamda qo‘llaridan boshqa barcha qismini yopishi, ya’ni niqob.

hijab - veil, the covering by adult women of their hair, and all of their bodies excepting the face and hands.

Hijoz — Arabistonning g‘arbiy hududi bo‘lib, unga Makka va Madina kiradi.

Hijaz - the western area of Arabia which includes Makkah and Madinah.

Hijr — Ka'baning bir tomonidagi yarim doira shaklidagi tomsiz joy bo'lib, uning devori Ibrohim va Ismoil payg'ambarlar alayhimas-salom tomonidan qurilgan asl binoning shaklini belgilab beradi.

Hijr — the semi-circular un-roofed enclosure at one side of the Kacbah, whose wall outlines the shape of the original building built by the Prophets Ibrahim and Ismacil, peace be upon them.

Hijrah — Alloh yo'lidagi hijrat (ko'chish). Islom taqvimi (AH — "Hijratdan keyin" degan ma'noni bildiradi) Payg'ambarimiz ﷺ ning Makkadan Madinaga hijratidan boshlab sanaladi.

hijrah - emigration in the way of Allah. Islam takes its dating (indicated by AH ‘After Hijrah’) from the Hijrah of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from Makkah to Madinah.

Ihrom — hajj yoki umra qilish uchun kiriladigan holat bo'lib, erkaklar uchun bu holatda ikki parcha mato kiyish ham kiradi, ular ham ihrom deb ataladi.

ihram - state entered to perform Hajj or cUmrah, which includes, for males, wearing two pieces of cloth also known as ihram.

imam – yetakchi, ko‘pincha amir yoki xalifaga nisbatan qo‘llaniladigan atama.

imam - the one who leads, often a term for the amir or khalifah.

«Ularni (xalqni) buyuruvchi va ular itoat qiladigan yetakchilar va buyuk kishilar.» (Sayyiduna Abu Bakr). Hozirda bu so'z ko'pincha faqat odamlarga namoz o'qitib imomlik qiladigan kishiga nisbatan ishlatiladi.

‘Leaders and nobles who order them (the people) and they obey them.’ (Sayyiduna Abu Bakr). It is now more often restricted to one who leads people in prayer.

imomat — imomlik lavozimi, imon — qalbda e'tiqod va tilda iqror.

imamah — imamate, the office of imam, iman - belief in the heart and affirmation on the tongue.

Inshaalloh — agar Alloh xohlasa.

insha’Allah - if Allah wills.

Iqomat — namozni o'qishni boshlash uchun, namoz oldidan masjiddagi kishilarni chaqirish maqsadida aytiladigan chaqiriq, shuningdek namozni barpo etish amali.

iqamah - the act of establishing the prayer, and also the call made immediately prior to prayer in order to summon the people in the mosque.

isnad — hadisning rivoyat zanjiri.

isnad - chain of transmission of a hadith.

Isro — Payg'ambarimiz ﷺ ning Makkadan Quddusga qilgan tungi sayohati, undan keyin esa u yerdan Mi'roj (osmonlar orqali ko'tarilish) ga chiqqanlari.

Isra - the Night Journey of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from Makkah to Jerusalem from whence he went on the Micraj (the ascension through the heavens).

I'tizol — so'zma-so'z "chetlanish" yoki "ajralish" ma'nosini anglatadi va shu sababli Hasan al-Basriy halqasidan ajralib chiqqan guruhning ilohiyoti, ya'ni keyinchalik Mu'tazila nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan ta'limot demakdir.

ftizal — lit. withdrawal or secession, and thus the theology of that group which withdrew from the circle of Hasan al-Basri, who became know as Muctazilah.

Johiliyya — Islom kelishidan oldingi Johillik davri jamoa — birgalikda namoz o'qiyotgan odamlar guruhi, xususan.

Jahiliyyah - the Time of Ignorance, before the coming of Islam jama0ah — the group, particularly referring to the group of people performing the prayer together.

jihod — kurash, xususan Islomni himoya qilish va qaror toptirish yo'lidagi urush.

jihad - struggle, particularly warfare to defend and establish Islam.

jinn — ko‘zga ko‘rinmas, tutunsiz olovdan yaratilgan va odamzot bilan birga yer yuzida yashaydigan mavjudotlar.

jinn - unseen beings created of smokeless fire who cohabit the earth with mankind.

jizya — Musulmon hokimiyati ostida yashashga ahd qilgan avvalgi vahiylar ahllaridan olinadigan soliq (qarang: zimma). Soliq har bir voyaga yetgan erkakdan yiliga to‘rt dinor miqdorida olingan. Qiziqarlisi shundaki, bu miqdor hozirgi kunda (2008 yil) taxminan 428 AQSH dollari yoki 230 funt sterlingga teng.

jizyah - a tax levied on people of previous revelations who make a contract to live under Muslim rule (see dhimmah). The tax was four dinars per adult male per year. It is interesting to note that this sum in present terms (2008) is approximately $428/£230.

Jumadal-ula — musulmon oy taqvimining oylaridan biri.

Jumada al-Ula - a month of the Muslim lunar calendar.

Jumodul-oxir — musulmon oy taqvimining oylaridan biri.

Jumada al-Akhirah - a month of the Muslim lunar calendar.

Jumu'ah – Juma, ya'ni juma kuni va ayniqsa shu kuni o'qiladigan namoz; ushbu namozda, shartlari bajarilgan bo'lsa va imkoni bo'lsa, barcha balog'atga yetgan erkaklar ishtirok etishi shart.

Jumucah - Friday, and particularly the prayer performed on that day which it is necessary for all adult males to attend if they are able and if its conditions are fulfilled.

Junub — jinsiy aloqadan yoki maniy chiqqandan keyin yuzaga keladigan holat bo‘lib, uni ketkazish uchun butun tanani yuvish, ya’ni g‘usl qilish talab etiladi.

junub - condition after sexual intercourse or ejaculation, requiring the complete washing of the body known as ghusl.

kafara – u haqiqatni yashirdi, nankorlik qildi, kofir bo‘ldi; shu sababli kufr – kofirlik, kofir – kofir (ko‘plik shakli: kofirun/kuffar).

kafara - he covered over the truth, he showed ingratitude, he disbelieved, thus kufr disbelief, kajir disbeliever pi. kajirun/kujfar.

kalom — so'zma-so'z: nutq, lekin shu bilan birga iymon aqidalarini tekshirish ilmi.

kalam - lit. speech, but also the science of investigating the tenets of iman.

xalifa, pl. xulafo’ — so‘zma-so‘z: voris, ham Odam avlodidagi inson martabasi, ya’ni Allohning yaratiqlarida Uning o‘rnida turuvchi kishi, ham Payg‘ambar ﷺning xalifasi yoki voris-hukmdori.

khalifah pi. khulafa’ — lit. successor, both the rank of Adamic man, one who stands in for Allah in His creation, and a Caliph or successor of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

xilofat — xalifaning vazifasi (lavozimi).

khilafah - the office of the khalifah.

Xavorij — ulug' gunohlarni sodir etish musulmonni kofirga aylantiradi, deb e'tiqod qilgan firqa.

Khawarij—a sect who believed that committing major wrong actions turns a Muslim into an unbeliever.

al-Xulafo’ ar-Roshidun — (yuqoridagi xalifa so‘ziga qarang) to‘g‘ri yo‘lni tutgan xulafo’.

al-Khulafa’ ar-Rashidun - (see khalifah above) the khulafa’ who took the right way.

xutba — jamoat oldida, xususan juma kuni masjidda yoki hayit namozlaridan birida so‘zlanadigan nutq.

khutbah — public address, particularly in the mosque on Friday or one of the cEid prayers.

Kunya — hurmat va mehr bilan chaqirish usuli, masalan, "falonchining otasi", "falonchining onasi" yoki "falonchining o‘g‘li yoki qizi" kabi.

kunyah - a respectful and affectionate way of calling, such as the ‘father of so-and-so’, the ‘mother of so-and-so’ or the ‘son or daughter of so-and-so’.

Ma'rifah — so'zma-so'z "tan olish", bo'lib uning birinchi darajasi Alloh va Uning elchilari, ularning ustiga salom bo'lsin, haqida bilishi lozim bo'lgan narsalarning aqliy bilimidir; keyin esa u ilmiy bilimdan ko'ra ko'proq irfonga aylanib chuqurlashishi mumkin.

ma.crifah - lit. recognition, which in its first level is a rational knowledge of what is necessary to know about Allah and His Messengers, peace be upon them, and which can then deepen to become gnosis rather than scholastic knowledge.

Maghrib — G'arb, xususan shimoliy-g'arbiy Afrika.

Maghrib - the West, specifically northwest Africa.

al-Masjid al-Haram — Makkaning Haram masjidi.

al-Masjid al-Haram - the Inviolable Mosque of Makkah.

marfuʿ — Payg‘ambarga nisbat berilgan rivoyat ﷺ.

marfuc— a tradition ascribed to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

mavla — "xo'jayin", ozod qilingan qul, lekin shuningdek uning sobiq xo'jayini ma'nosida.

mawla - ‘a master’, the freed slave but also his former master.

Minbar — imom juma kuni xutbasini o‘qish uchun turadigan zinalar.

minbar — steps on which the imam stands to deliver the khutbah on the day of Jumucah.

Muhojirlar — Allohning Elchisi ﷺ ning sahobalari bo‘lib, ular Islomni Madinadan tashqarida qabul qilgan va Madinaga hijrat qilganlar, ayniqsa Makkadan u zot bilan birga kelganlardir.

Muhajirun - Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who accepted Islam outside Madinah and emigrated to Madinah, particularly those who came with him from Makkah.

Muharram — musulmon oy yilining birinchi oyi.

Muharram - the first month of the Muslim lunar year.

mu’min, pl. mu’minun va mu’minin — mo‘min, ishonuvchi (yuqoridagi iymon so‘zига qarang).

mu’min, pi. mu’minun and mu’minin - a believer (see iman above).

al-Murji'a — bu mazhab bo'lib, uning vakillari yomon amallarga yengil qarashlari bilan ajralib turgan. Ular mo'minlarning iymoni qilgan yomon amallari bilan kamaymaydi, deb hisoblaganlar.

al-Murji ’ah - a sect which was characterised by an indulgent attitude towards wrong action in the sense that they felt that ‘believers’ would not be diminished in their iman by the wrong actions they did.

Mursal — sahobalardan birortasi kimdan rivoyat qilingani ma'lum bo'lmagan holda, tobi'yn yoki tobi'u't-tobi'yn tomonidan Payg'ambar ﷺ ga bevosita nisbat berilgan hadis.

mursal- a hadith attributed directly to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, by one of the Followers or Followers of the Followers when it is not known from which Companion it was transmitted.

Mushaf — Qur'onning yozma nusxasi.

mushaf- a written copy of the Qur’an.

musnad — isnad bo‘yicha tartiblangan hadislarni o‘z ichiga olgan kitob; masalan, muallif Abu Bakr roziyallohu anhu rivoyat qilgan hadislarni o‘z ichiga olgan "Musnad as-Siddiq"ni zikr qiladi.

musnad - a book containing ahadith arranged according to their isnad, e.g. the author mentions the Musnadas-Siddiq which contains ahadith narrated by Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him.

Mut'a — islomdan oldingi arablar orasida keng tarqalgan, vaqtinchalik nikoh turi bo'lib, Payg'ambar ﷺ tomonidan taqiqlangan.

mufah - a temporary form of marriage common among pre-Islamic Arabs which was prohibited by the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

Mutawatir — hadisning eng kuchli isnadi. Bu shunday holatki, bir qancha sahobalar hadis matnini ko'p sonli ilmli tobi'inlarga rivoyat qilganlar, ular esa har biri o'z navbatida uni ko'plab keyingi talabalarga naql qilgan va hokazo, shuning uchun hadisda hech qanday shubha bo'lishi mumkin emas.

mutawatir - the strongest isnad possible for a hadith. This is when a number of Companions have narrated the text of the hadith to large numbers of knowledgeable Followers who each in turn transmitted it to numbers of later students, etc., so that there is no possible doubt about the hadith.

al-Qadariyyah — musulmonlarning bir firqasi bo‘lib, ular taqdirga emas, balki insonning erkin irodasiga ko‘proq ishonadilar.

al-Qadariyyah - sect of Muslims who believe more in man’s freewill than in predestination.

qadi — sudya.

qadi — a judge.

Ar-Rofiziyya — Shialarning bir guruhi bo‘lib, Abu Bakr va Umar hamda Usmonni rad etishi bilan mashhur (Abu Bakr va Umarni qabul qiladigan Zaydiyya shialaridan farqli o‘laroq).

ar-Rafidah — a group of the Shicah known for rejecting Abu Bakr and cUmar as well as cUthman (as opposed to the Zaydiyyah Shicah who accept them).

Rakaat — namozning bir to'liq qismi, qiyom (turish), ruku' (egilish) va ikki sajdadan iborat.

rafcah pi. rakaca t- a complete unit of salah consisting of standing, bowing and two prostrations.

ar-Riddah — Payg'ambar vafotidan keyin sahro arablarining dinidan qaytishi yoki irtidodi, Allohning salovoti va salomi unga bo'lsin ﷺ.

ar-Riddah - the reneging or apostasy of the desert Arabs after the death of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

Ruh al-Quds — Poklik Ruhi, farishta Jibril.

Ruh al-Quds — the Spirit of Purity, the angel Jibril.

sabeel — yo‘l, ko‘pincha jihod, «Allohning yo‘li».

sabeel — a way, often jihad, ‘the way of Allah’.

as-Sabiqun al-Avvalun — birinchi bo‘lib kelganlar, ya’ni Makka fath etilishidan oldin Islomni qabul qilgan va jonlari hamda mollari bilan jihod qilgan Muhojirlar va Ansorlar; sadaqa, pl. sadaqot — Alloh yo‘lida berish, ko‘pincha zakot bilan bir ma’noda ishlatiladi.

as-Sabiqun al-Aivwalun — the First Foremost ones, i.e. those Muhajirun and Ansar who accepted Islam before the conquest of Makkah and strove with their lives and their wealth in jihad, sadaqah pi. sadaqat - giving in the way of Allah, often used synonymously with zakat.

Sahih — ishonchli yoki sahih (sog'lom). Hadis ilmining texnik atamasi bo'lib, isnadning kuchliligini bildiradi.

sahih - authentic or sound. A technical term of the science of hadith which indicates the strength of the isnad.

as-Sakinah — so'zma-so'z: xotirjamlik. Allohning huzuri ba'zan bir belgi orqali namoyon bo'lishi, shuningdek, qalb tinchligi va xavfsizlik hissi.

as-Sakinah -lit. tranquillity. The presence of Allah sometimes made clear by a sign, also the feeling of peace of mind and security.

salah — ruku' va sajda qilish, Qur'on tilovat qilish, qiyomda turish va o'tirishdan iborat ibodat.

salah - the prayer consisting of standing reciting Qur’an, bowing, prostrating and sitting.

Salat at-tarawih — Ramazon oyida xufton namozidan keyin o‘qiladigan namozlar.

salat at-tarawih - the prayers performed after the cIsha{night) prayer during Ramadan.

as-Saqifah — tomli bino, xususan, Payg'ambar ﷺ vafotidan so'ng xalifa tanlash uchun Ansorlar va ba'zi Muhojirlar yig'ilgan Bani Sa'ida qabilasining tomli galereyasi.

as-Saqifah - roofed building, particularly the roofed gallery of Bani Sacidah in which the Ansar and some of the Muhajirun met after the death of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to choose a khalifah.

Shahada — Alloh yagona ekanligiga va Muhammad Alloh elchisi ekaniga guvohlik berish va shahodat keltirish, Alloh unga salavot va salom yo'llasin ﷺ, ya'ni Islomning birinchi rukni.

shahadah - witnessing and bearing witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, i.e. the first pillar of Islam.

Sharifah — lit. yo‘l, va xususan vohadagi ichimlik suvga olib boradigan yo‘lka. U biror xalqning o‘z payg‘ambari vahiyiga asoslangan huquqiy tartibi (me’yori) hisoblanadi. Tarixdagi so‘nggi shariat — Islom shariati bo‘lib, u o‘zidan oldingi barcha shariatlarni bekor qiladi.

sharifah - lit. a road, and in particular the pathway leading down to drinking water at an oasis. It is the legal modality of a people based on the revelation of their Prophet. The last sharicah in history is that of Islam, which abrogates all previous shari‘ahs.

Shavvol — Ramazondan keyin keladigan islom oy taqvimining oyi.

Shawwal - the month of the Islamic lunar calendar immediately following Ramadan.

Shayx — adab. Ilm yoki qavmi orasida yetakchi bo‘lgan kishiga nisbatan qo‘llanadigan hurmat unvoni. Shayton — shayton, xususan, Iblis.

Shaykh - lit. an old man. Title of respect used for a man of great knowledge or a leader among his people shaytan - a devil, particularly Iblis.

Shia — bu mazhab bo‘lib, u musulmonlardan Ali, Allah undan rozi bo‘lsin, xalifalikka bo‘lgan huquqi ustun ekanligini da’vo qilgani bilan ajralib chiqqan.

Shicah - the sect which differed from the Muslims over their allegation of the prior right of cAli, may Allah be pleased with him, to the khilafah.

shirk — Allohga biror narsani sherik qilib, Uning yonida yoki Uning bilan birga ibodat qilish, eng kechirilmas gunoh.

shirk - the unforgivable wrong action of associating something in partnership with Allah and worshipping it or them along with Him.

sidq — rostgo'ylik, shu bilan birga sodiq — rostgo'y inson va siddiq — juda rostgo'y hamda haqiqatni tasdiqlovchi inson.

sidq - truthfulness and thus sadiq - a truthful one and siddiq - one eminently truthful and affirmative of the truth.

Siwak va miswak — karaq daraxtidan kesib olingan tish tozalagich tayoqcha.

siwak and miswak - toothstick cut from the caraq tree.

Sulton — hukmdor.

Sultan — the ruler.

Sunnah (ko'plik shakli: sunan) — so'zma-so'z "shakl, odat" degan ma'noni anglatadi, ya'ni biror shaxs yoki odamlar guruhining odatdagi amaliyoti. Asosan Allohning Elchisi Muhammad ﷺ amaliyotiga nisbatan qo'llaniladi, lekin shuningdek, al-Xulafo ar-Roshidun va Madinadagi birinchi avlod musulmonlarining odatdagi amaliyotini ham o'z ichiga oladi. Sunan atamasi ba'zi hadis to'plamlarining nomi sifatida ham tez-tez ishlatiladi.

Sunnah pi. sunan - lit. a form, the customary practice of a person or group of people. It has come to refer almost exclusively to the practice of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, but also comprises the customary practice of al-Khulafa ar-Rashidun and of the first generation of Muslims in Madinah. Sunan is also a title often used for certain collections of hadith.

sura — Qur'onning mavzu jihatidan bog'langan, oyatlardan tashkil topgan katta bo'limi. Qur'onda 114 ta sura bor.

surah - a large unit of Qur’an linked by thematic content, composed of ay at. There are 114 surahs in the Qur’an.

takbir — Allohu Akbar deb e'lon qilish, ya'ni "Alloh buyukdir" degan so'z. talbiya — haj ziyoratchisining Makkaga yetib kelganda aytadigan chaqirig'i: "Labbayka, Allohumma, labbayk. Labbayka, la sharika laka labbayk..." Ma'nosi: "Sening xizmatingdamiz, ey Alloh, xizmatingdamiz..." taqva yoki tuqo — so'zma-so'z: o'zini himoya qilish, Allohdan qo'rqib itoat etish; ya'ni harom qilingan narsalardan saqlanish va farz qilingan barcha amallarni bajarish.

takbir - the declaration Allahu Akbar - Allah is Greater’ talbiyah - the cry of the pilgrim to Makkah ‘Labbayk Allahumma labbayk At Your service, O Allah, at Your service ...’ taqiva or tuqa — lit. self-protecting, fearful obedience of Allah in avoiding all that is forbidden and undertaking all that is obligatory.

Yuqori darajalar esa, keyin, makruh bo'lgan narsalardan saqlanish va mustahab bo'lgan ishlarni bajarishni o'z ichiga oladi va hokazo.

Higher degrees then involve avoiding that which is disapproved of and undertaking that which is recommended, and so on.

at-Tasawwuf — Sufizm. Ulamolar uni fard ayn hisoblaydilar — ya'ni har bir musulmon erkak va ayol uchun shaxsiy majburiyat bo‘lgan ilm.

at-Tasawwuf— Sufism. It is held by the culama to be a fard cayn - a science which is an individual obligation on every Muslim man and woman.

at-Tavfiq — to'g'ri yo'lga yo'naltirilish, Allohning inoyati.

at-tawfiq - being directed to the right direction, the grace of Allah.

ummah – millat. Payg'ambar ﷺ ummati – Allohning rahmati va salomi unga bo'lsin – bu musulmonlardir.

ummah - a nation. The Ummah of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are the Muslims.

Umra — Makkaga qilinadigan kichik ziyorat bo'lib, uni yil davomida istalgan vaqtda ado etish mumkin.

cUmrah - the lesser pilgrimage to Makkah which may be undertaken at any time of the year.

Wird yoki hizb — bir-biriga ma'noan yaqin ikki atama bo'lib, kun yoki tunning istalgan vaqtida muntazam ravishda o'qilishi lozim bo'lgan zikr, Qur'on oyatlari va duolardan belgilangan qismni anglatadi. Ikkinchi atama ko'pincha Qur'onning oltmishdan bir qismini ifodalash uchun alohida qo'llaniladi.

wird or hizb - two synonymous terms for a set portion of dhikr, ay at of Qur’an and supplications to be recited regularly at any time of the day or night. The latter often more particularly is used to refer to a portion of one sixtieth of Qur’an.

wudu’ — namozdan oldin yuz va a’zolarni kichik yuvish.

wudu’ - the minor washing of the face and limbs in preparation for the salah.

Zakot — boylik solig'i. U Allohga ibodat qilishning bir shakli va Islomning arkonlaridan (ajralmas ustunlaridan) biridir. U ma'lum saqlanadigan ekinlardan, chorva mollaridan va boshqa hayvonlardan, oltin va kumushdan, savdo mollaridan va boshqalardan olinadi.

zakat - a wealth tax. It is an act of worship of Allah and one of the arkan (indispensable pillars) of Islam. It is levied on certain storable crops, cattle and other livestock, gold and silver, items of trade, etc.

va ular bir qancha toifalarga, jumladan muhtojlarga va bechoralarga, yo'lovchilarga, qarzdorlarga, qullarni ozod qilish uchun va Alloh yo'lida ({jihad}) taqsimlanadi.

and distributed among a number of categories including the needy and the bereft, travellers, the indebted, for the freeing of slaves, and in the way of Allah {jihad).