3.4 Kutman birinchi bo‘lib erishgan narsalar
3.4 The Things In Which Cuthman Was First
Al-Askariy "Al-Avo'il" (Birinchilar) kitobida shunday degan: U birinchi bo'lib jihad orqali qo'lga kiritilgan yerlarni in'om qilgan va birinchi bo'lib zakot hayvonlari va jihad uchun otlar hamda tuyalar boqiladigan yaylovlarni o'rab qo'ygan, birinchi bo'lib takbir aytishda ovozini pasaytirgan, birinchi bo'lib (Madina) masjidini xushbo'y qilgan, birinchi bo'lib juma kuni birinchi azonni buyurgan, birinchi bo'lib muazzinlarga maosh tayinlagan, birinchi bo'lib xutba paytida gapira olmay qolgan va shunda: "Ey odamlar, minbarga chiqishning birinchi kuni qiyin bo'ladi, bugundan keyin boshqa kunlar ham bor. Agar men tirik qolsam, xutbani o'z o'rnida to'g'ri qilib ko'rsataman. Biz hech qachon notiq bo'lmaganmiz, Alloh bizga o'rgatadi", deb aytgan. U birinchi bo'lib hayit xutbasini namozdan oldin qilgan, birinchi bo'lib odamlarga o'z zakotlarini o'zlari berishni topshirgan, birinchi bo'lib onasi hayotligida xalifalik ishlarini o'z zimmasiga olgan, birinchi bo'lib militsiya boshlig'ini tayinlagan va birinchi bo'lib masjidda, Umarga yuz bergan voqea o'ziga ham yuz berishidan qo'rqib, alohida to'siq qurdirgan. Al-Askariy buni zikr qilgan va yana shunday degan: Ummat orasida bir-birini xatoda ayblagan birinchi ixtilof uning davrida bo'lgan, o'sha narsalar yuzasidan ular uni ayblashgan. Undan oldin ular fiqh masalalarida ixtilof qilishar edi, lekin hech kim boshqasini xatoda ayblamas edi.
Al-cAskari said in al-Awa’il (The Firsts): He was the first to grant lands (taken in jihad), and the first who enclosed pastures (for the animals paid in zakat and for the horses and camels for jihad), the first to lower his voice in the takbir, the first to perfume the mosque (of Madinah), the first to command the first call to prayer on the Jumucah, the first to provide for the mu’adhdhins, the first to be speechless in the khutbah, and then he said, ‘People, the first time of mounting is hard, after today there are other days, and if I live you will have the khutbah in its proper manner. We were never public speakers and Allah will teach us.’ He was the first to place the khutbah on the cEid before the prayer, the first to entrust to the people the payment of their own zakat, the first to take charge of the khilafah during the life of his mother, the first to appoint a chief of police, and the first to set apart an enclosure in the mosque from fear that there should happen to him what happened to cUmar. This is what al-cAskari mentioned and he also said: The first disagreements in the ummah in which some would accuse others of errors were in his time, concerning things for which they blamed him. Before that they used to disagree about fiqh and no-one would accuse others of errors.
U u ning birinchi xususiyatlaridan shu narsa qolmoqdaki, u bu ummatning Allah yo'lida oilasi bilan birinchi bo'lib hijrat qilgan kishisi edi, bu haqda oldin ham so'z o'tgan, va u odamlarni bitta qiroat usulida birlashtirgan birinchi kishi edi.
I say: Of his firsts there remain that he was the first of this ummah to emigrate with his family for the sake of Allah, as has preceded, and he was the first to unite people on one manner of recitation.
Ibn ʿAsokir rivoyat qilishicha, Hakim ibn ʿAbbod ibn Hanif aytgan: Dunyo to‘lib-toshgan, odamlarning semizligi esa chegaraga yetgan paytda Madinada birinchi bo‘lib paydo bo‘lgan noma’qul ish kaptarlarni uchirish va o‘q yoyi bilan, ya’ni garov uchun loy o‘qlar otish edi. Shunda ʿUsmon xalifaligining sakkizinchi yilida Banu Layth qabilasidan bir kishini tayinladi, u kaptarlarning qanotlarini qirqar va o‘q yoylarni sindirar edi.
Ibn cAsakir narrated that Hakim ibn cAbbad ibn Hanif said: The first reprehensible thing that appeared in Madinah when the world was overflowing (with wealth) and the fatness of people reached a limit, was the flying of pigeons and archery with crossbows (firing clay bullets, for bets), so cUthman appointed a man from Banu Layth in the eighth year of his khilafah who clipped them (the wings of the pigeons) and broke the crossbows.