3.2 Uning xalifaligi
3.2 His Khilafah
U'mar dafn etilganidan uch kecha o'tgach, unga xalifa sifatida bay'at berildi. Rivoyat qilinishicha, o'sha kunlarda odamlar 'Abdurrahmon ibn 'Avf bilan to'planib, unga maslahat berishar va u bilan maxfiy suhbatlashishar edi. U bilan yolg'iz o'tirgan hech bir aqlli kishi 'Usmonga teng keladigan biron kishini ko'rmadi. 'Abdurrahmon bay'at berish uchun o'tirganda, Allohni hamd bilan ulug'lab, so'zlari orasida shunday dedi: "Odamlarning 'Usmondan boshqa birortasini xohlamayotganini ko'rdim." Buni Ibn 'Asokir al-Miswar ibn Maxramadan rivoyat qilgan. Boshqa rivoyatda esa: "Endi, 'Ali! Men odamlar orasida tekshirib chiqdim, ularning 'Usmonga teng keladigan biron kishi haqida fikri yo'qligini ko'rmayapman. Shuning uchun o'zingizga qarshi yo'l ochmang", deyilgan. U 'Usmonning qo'lini ushlab dedi: "Biz sizga Allohning Sunnati, Uning Elchisi ﷺ ning Sunnati va undan keyingi ikki xalifaning Sunnati asosida bay'at beramiz." 'Abdurrahmon unga bay'at berdi, Muhojirlar va Ansorlar ham unga bay'at berishdi.
He was pledged allegiance as khalifah three nights after the burial of cUmar. It is related that people got together, during those days, with cAbd ar-Rahman ibn cAwf, advising him and talking confidentially with him. Not one person of judgement who sat alone with him saw any to equal cUthman. When cAbd ar-Rahman sat to pledge allegiance, he praised Allah and said, during his speech, ‘I saw that people refuse anybody but cUthman.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated it from al-Miswar ibn Makhramah. In another narration, ‘Now! cAli, I have researched among people and I don’t see them regarding anyone equal to cUthman. Therefore, do not make a way against yourself.’ He took the hand of cUthman and said, ‘We pledge allegiance to you according to the Sunnah of Allah, the Sunnah of His Messenger and the Sunnah of the two khalifahs after him.’ cAbd ar-Rahman pledged allegiance to him and the Muhajirun and the Ansar pledged allegiance to him.
Ibn Sa'd rivoyat qilishicha, Anas aytdi: Umar vafot etishidan bir soat oldin Abu Talha al-Ansoriyni chaqirtirdi va dedi: "Siz bu guruh, ya'ni maslahat sohiblari bilan birga, Ansordan ellik kishi orasida bo'ling, chunki, menimcha, ular bir uyda to'planadilar. Shu eshik oldida hamrohlaringiz bilan turing, hech kimni kiritmang va uchinchi kun o'tib ketguncha ularni tark etmang, toki ular o'zlaridan birini amirlikka tayinlamaguncha." Ahmad musnadida keltirilishicha, Abu Vo'il aytdi: Men Abdurrahmon ibn Avfga dedim: "Qanday qilib siz Usmonga bay'at qildingiz-u, Aliyni e'tibordan chetda qoldirdingiz?" U dedi: "Mening qaysi xatom bor edi? Men Aliydan boshladim va dedim: "Sizga Allohning Kitobi, Uning Rasulining sunnati va Abu Bakr hamda Umarning siyratiga muvofiq bay'at qilaymi?" U dedi: "Qodir bo'lganim darajada." Keyin xuddi shuni Usmonga taklif qildim, u dedi: "Ha." Rivoyat qilinadiki, Abdurrahmon Usmonga yakkama-yakka dedi: "Agar men sizga bay'at qilmasam, menga kimni ko'rsatasiz?" U dedi: "Aliyni." Aliyga dedi: "Agar men sizga bay'at qilmasam, menga kimni ko'rsatasiz?" U dedi: "Usmonni." So'ngra Zubayrni chaqirtirdi va dedi: "Agar men sizga bay'at qilmasam, menga kimni ko'rsatasiz?" U dedi: "Aliyni yoki Usmonni." Keyinroq esa Sa'dni chaqirtirdi va dedi: "Menga kimni ko'rsatasiz?"
Ibn Sacd narrated that Anas said: cUmar sent for Abu Talhah al- Ansari an hour before he died and said, ‘You be among fifty of the Ansar along with this group, the companions of the counsel, because they, as I believe, will gather in a house. Stand at that door with your companions, allow no-one to enter, and do not leave them to allow the third day to pass without their appointing one of themselves to the command.’ There is in the Musnad of Ahmad that Abu Wa’il said: I said to cAbd ar-Rahman ibn cAwf, ‘How could you have sworn allegiance to cUthman and neglected cAli?’ He said, ‘Where was my wrong action? I started with cAli and I said, “Shall I swear allegiance to you according to the Book of Allah, the Sunnah of His Messenger and the conduct of Abu Bakr and cUmar?” He said, “In what I am able.” I hen later I offered the same to cUthman and he said, “Yes.”’ It has been related that cAbd ar-Rahman said to cUthman in private, ‘If I don’t pledge allegiance to you who would you point out to me?’ He said, ‘cAli.’ He said to cAli, ‘If I don’t pledge allegiance to you who would you point out to me?’ He said, ‘cUthman.’ Then he called for az-Zubayr and said, ‘If I don’t pledge allegiance to you who would you point out to me?’ He said, ‘cAli or cUthman.’ Then later he called for Sacd and said, ‘Whom would you indicate to me?
"Chunki, men va sen uni xohlamaymiz", dedi u. U dedi: "Usmon". So'ngra Abdurahmon barcha nufuzli kishilar maslahatini so'radi va ularning ko'pchiligi Usmon tomonida ekanini ko'rdi.
because, as for me and you, we don’t want it.’ He said, ‘'Uthman.’ Then cAbd ar-Rahman sought the counsel of all the notables and saw that most of them were inclined to cUthman.
Ibn Sa'd va al-Hokim rivoyat qilishicha, Ibn Mas'ud, Alloh undan rozi bo'lsin, Usmon xalifalikka bay'at qilinganda shunday degan: "Biz qolganlarning eng yaxshisiga amrni topshirdik va biz beparvolik qilmadik." Uning xalifaligining shu yilida Ray (shahri) fath qilindi. Ilgari ham u fath qilingan edi, keyin esa qo'ldan chiqib ketgan edi. O'sha yili odamlarda burun qonashi ko'p bo'ldi, shu sababli u "Burun qonashi yili" deb atalgan. Usmon burun qonashi shunchalik bezovta qildiki, hajga bormay qo'ydi va o'rniga boshqa birini vakil qilib yubordi. O'sha yili Rum (Vizantiya) qal'alarining ko'pi olindi. Shuningdek, o'sha yili Usmon Sa'd ibn Abi Vaqqosni Kufa hokimi etib tayinladi va al-Mug'iraни lavozimidan chetlatdi.
Ibn Sacd and al-Hakim narrated that Ibn Mascud, may Allah be pleased with him, said, when cUthman was pledged allegiance, ‘We have charged with command the best of those remaining and we have not been negligent.’ In this year of his khilafah, Rayy was opened [to Islam], and it had been opened previously and subsequently lost. In that year many nosebleeds occurred among people, so that it was known as, ‘The year of the nosebleeds.’ cUthman was afflicted by nosebleeds to such an extent that he stayed away from the Hajj and deputed someone in his place. In that year many Byzantine fortresses were taken. In it cUthman appointed Sacd ibn Abi Waqqas as governor of Kufa and removed al-Mughirah.
۲۵ ҳижрий йилда Усмон Саъдни Кўфадан олиб ташлади ва ўрнига Ал-Валид ибн Уқба ибн Абу Муайтни тайинлади. У саҳобий ва Усмоннинг онасининг томонидан ака-укаси эди. Ушбу иш унинг ноқулай кўрилишига сабаб бўлган биринчи нарса эди, чунки у ўз қариндошларини нуфузли лавозимларга тайинлаган эди. Ривоят қилинишича, Ал-Валид бир куни ичкилик ичиб мас ҳолатда бомдод намозини тўрт ракаат қилиб ўқиб берган, сўнг уларга юзланиб: «Яна бирор ракаат қўшиб берайми?» деган. Ҳижрий 26 йилда Усмон Масжидул Ҳаромни кенгайтирди ва уни чўзди, кенгайтириш учун унга туташ ерларни сотиб олди. Ўша йили Сабур (балки Шопур) фатҳ қилинди.
In the year 25 AH, cUthman removed Sacd from Kufa and appointed al-Walid ibn cUqbah ibn Abi Mucayt — and he was a Companion, and a brother of cUthman on his mother’s side - and that was the first thing for which he was disliked; because he appointed his relatives to posts of authority. It has been told as a tale that al-Walid led them in prayer for the dawn prayer with four rakcfat when he was drunk, and that then he turned to them and said, ‘Shall I do more (raka?at) for you?’ In the year 26 AH, cUthman enlarged and extended al-Masjid al-Haram, and bought sites (adjoining it) for the enlargement. In the same year Sabur (possibly Shahpur) was opened.
27-hijriy yilda Muoviya dengiz orqali qo'shinlarni olib, Kipr tomon harbiy yurishga chiqdi. Ubada ibn as-Somit ular bilan birga edi, va uning rafiqasi Umm Haram binti Milhon al-Ansoriya (Ansor qabilasidan) ham bor edi. U minib ketayotgan hayvonidan yiqildi va o'sha yerda shahid bo'lib vafot etdi. Payg'ambar ﷺ bu qo'shin haqida uning uchun oldindan xabar bergan edilar va u ularning jumlasida bo'lishi uchun dua qilgan edilar. U Kiprda dafn etildi. O'sha yili Arrajon va Darabjird fath etildi. Usmon Amr ibn al-Osni Misrdan chetlatib, o'rniga Abdulloh ibn Sa'd ibn Abu Sarhni tayinladi. U Shimoliy Afrikaga qarshi yurish qilib, uni tekisliklarda ham, tog'larda ham [Islom ostiga] fath etdi. Qo'shindagi har bir kishiga ming dinor berildi, shuningdek uch ming dinor berilgan deb ham rivoyat qilingan. Keyin shu yilning o'zida Andalusiya fath etildi.
In the year 27 AH, Mucawiyah went on a military expedition to Cyprus, taking the armies by sea. cUbadah ibn as-Samit was with them and his wife, Umm Haram bint Milhan al-Ansariyah (of the Ansar). She fell from her riding beast, and died there as a martyr, and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had foretold this army for her. He had supplicated for her that she should be of them. She was buried in Cyprus. In that same year Arrajan and Darabjird were opened. cUthman removed cAmr ibn al-cAs from Egypt and appointed cAbdullah ibn Sacd ibn Abi Sarh over it, who led an expedition against northern Africa and opened it [to Islam], both on the plains and in the mountains, and every man in the army received one thousand dinars, and it has also been said, three thousand dinars. Then Andalusia was opened in this same year.