从语言上讲，فقه（fiqh）的意思是理解（فهم），正如真主（SWT）所说：

Linguistically, Fiqh means understanding (Fahm), as in the saying of Allah (swt):

“我们不理解（ma nafqahu）你所说的大部分内容。”（TMQ Hud: 91）即我们听不懂。

“We do not comprehend (ma nafqahu) much of what you say.” (TMQ Hud: 91) i.e. we do not understand.

作为一个法学术语，“Fiqh”（菲格赫，伊斯兰教法学）有两层含义：

As a juristic term, Fiqh has two meanings:

A. 乌苏勒学者如阿米迪、扎尔克haški、拜达维和沙瓦尼等，将“菲格哈”（fiqh）定义为：“对从其详细证据（al-adillah al-tafsiliyyah）中推导出的实践性沙里亚事务的知识。”1

A. The Usuli scholars such as Amidi, al-Zarkashi, al-Baydawi and Shawkani have defined fiqh as, „the knowledge of the practical Shar‟ai matters that are derived from their elaborated evidences (al-ad‟Illah al-tafsiliyyah)‟.1

例如，一位Faqih（教法学家）会知道堕胎问题的裁决，此外，他还会知道这一裁决是如何推导出来的，以及依据的来源。

As an example, a Faqih would know the ruling for the issue of abortion; in addition, he would know how and from where this ruling was extracted from.