11. 泰格利德(Taqleed)
11. Taqleed
"taqleed"在语言学上的意思是不加思考地追随他人。作为一个法学术语,它指在没有确凿的证据或论据的情况下,遵循一位穆扎希德(mujtahid,精通教法推理的学者)的伊吉particularly提哈德(ijtihad,独立推理)。换言之,穆格利德(muqallid,实行taqleed的人)可能知道也可能不知道其依据(daleel)。此外,即便一个人知道依据,他也可能不知道运用该依据的理由。
Taqleed linguistically means to follow others without thinking. As a juristic term it means to follow a Mujtahid‟s Ijtihad without a binding proof or argument. In other words, the Muqallid (a person who practices Taqleed) may or may not know the Daleel. In addition, one may not know the reason for using the Daleel even though they know the Daleel.
有两种类型的穆格利德(Muqallid,追随者):
There are two types of Muqallid:
A. 穆塔比阿(Muttabi‘a):指那种了解穆贾塔希德(Mujtahid)用来推导教法裁决(Ahkam)所依据的证据(Daleel),但不必理解其选用该特定证据之理由的追随者。
A. Muttabi‟a: Is the follower who acquaints himself with the Daleel (evidence) used by the Mujtahid to arrive at the Ahkam but he does not have to comprehend the reason for using the specific Daleel.
B. "Ammi":指遵循某位穆智塔希德(Mujtahid)的伊智提哈德(Ijtihad),而不询问其依据(Daleel)的人。
B. „Ammi: Is one who follows a Mujtahid‟s Ijtihad without asking for a Daleel.