12.2 理智(‘Aql)的作用
12.2 Role of „Aql
对一些人来说,伊斯兰教中理智的作用这一主题似乎颇为怪异。遗憾的是,人们对伊斯兰教缺乏了解,才会产生这样的理解。通过研究《古兰经》和先知穆罕默德ﷺ的生平可以清楚看到,启示非常强调这一主题。启示关注这一问题是很自然的,因为要确立某种特定的行为,就必须针对个人的思维方式加以引导。启示在处理这一关键问题时如此有效,以至于只用了一节经文,整个社会便戒除了饮酒。
To some, the subject of the role of intellect in Islam seems quite bizarre. Unfortunately, the lack of awareness about Islam yields such an understanding. Through researching the Qur‟an and the life of the Prophet (saw) it is apparent that much emphasis was placed on this subject by the revelation. It is natural for the revelation to address this subject because in order to formulate a specific behaviour, the individual‟s way of thinking must be addressed. When the revelation addressed this crucial issue it did so in such an effective manner that it took only one Ayah for the entire society to abstain from alcohol.
先知穆罕默德ﷺ不仅向人们阐明了关乎其行为的法律事务,还引导了他们的理智,并阐明了理智的局限。
Prophet Muhammad (saw) not only clarified matters of law to the people that dealt with their actions but also directed their intellect and clarified its limitation.
这一点从日食的故事中可以明显看出:日食发生在先知ﷺ的儿子易卜拉欣(愿真主喜悦他)去世的当天。当人们说太阳之所以食,是因为先知ﷺ的儿子去世了,先知ﷺ告诉他们,太阳和月亮是真主的迹象。它们不会因为某人的死亡或出生而发生日食或月食;因此,这两件事之间没有任何关联。