马立克·本·艾奈斯（公元93年－公元179年）出生并去世于麦地那。他的祖籍是也门。伊斯兰教诞生之后，他那些皈依伊斯兰的祖先迁居麦地那并在此定居。他在麦地那接受教育。当时麦地那是广阔的伊斯兰国中最高的学术中心，聚集了先知ﷺ的大多数杰出的圣门弟子（愿真主喜悦他们）。 他曾跟随阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·本·霍尔穆兹学习，后者劝诫马立克说："学者应当教导民众说：'我不知道。'"伊玛目马立克终生遵循并坚守这一劝诫。有一次，一个人来参加他的学术聚会，问了他一个问题，伊玛目马立克回答说："我不知道，从来没有其他人问过这个问题……前人的学者也从未讨论过这样的话题。"随后，伊玛目马立克叫这个人第二天再来，看他能否给出答案。第二天这人回来时，伊玛目马立克又告诉他自己没有答案。这个人便对他说，他听说伊玛目马立克是世上最有学问的人，如果连伊玛目马立克都不知道，那还有谁会知道呢。伊玛目马立克仍然坚持自己的回答：他不知道。

Malik ibn Anas (93 AH- 179 AH) was born and passed away in Madinah. His ancestral place was Yemen. After the birth of Islam, his ancestors who had become Muslims migrated to and settled in Madinah. He received his education in Madinah, which was the highest place of learning in the vast Islamic State and housed most of the distinguished Sahabah (ra) of the Prophet (saw).He studied under Abdur-Rahman ibn Hormuz, who advised Malik that: “The „Alim (Scholar) should teach the people to say: “I do not know”. Imam Malik followed and adhered to this advice throughout his life. Once a man attended his Halaqah and asked him a question to which Imam Malik replied: “I do not know, no-one else ever asked this question.... the scholars from before never discussed such a topic.” Then Imam Malik told the man to come back the following day and he would see if he would be able to supply the answer. When the man returned the following day, Imam Malik again told him that he had no answer. The man then told him that he had heard that Imam Malik was the most knowledgeable man in the world, and so if Imam Malik did not know, then who else would know. Imam Malik kept with his answer that he did not know.

伊玛目马立克还曾向伊本·沙哈卜·孜赫利、阿布杜拉·本·欧麦尔的前奴隶纳菲尔、亚哈雅·本·赛义德、拉比尔·拉艾、以及贾法尔·صادق学习过。伊玛目马立克从拉比尔和亚哈雅·本·赛义德那里学习了拉伊（见解之学），从纳菲尔和伊本·沙哈卜·孜赫利那里学习了圣训。因此，我们可以说伊玛目马立克既师从圣训学派，也师从拉伊学派，因为拉伊在麦地那同样也在传授。

Imam Malik also studied with Ibn Shihaab Az-Zuhri, Nafi‟ the ex-slave of Abdullah bin Umar, Yahya ibn Sa‟eed; Rabiah ar-Ra‟ee; and Jafar As-Sadiq. Imam Malik learned Ar-Ra‟ee from Rabiah and from Yahya ibn Sa‟eed, and he learned Hadith from Naafi‟ and from Ibn Shihaab Az-Zuhri. Therefore, we can say that Imam Malik had studied from both schools of Hadith and Ra‟ee, since Ra‟ee was also being taught in Al-Madinah.

伊玛目马立克以其极其敏锐的记忆力和敏捷的思维而闻名。他在形成自己的见解时总是反复深思、仔细斟酌，从不轻率地发布教法裁决（发布法特瓦）。有一次，有人向他提出一个问题，另一个人评论说这个问题非常简单。伊玛目马立克回答说，关于裁定教法规则，没有什么是容易或微不足道的。 伊玛目马立克也不喜欢冗长的辩论。有人曾问他：如果一个人精通圣训和逊奈，那么这个人是否应当继续为自己的观点辩论？伊玛目马立克回答说，这样的人只需陈述自己的见解及其依据，而不必进行过多的讨论或争辩。

Imam Malik was known for his very sharp memory and quick thinking. He used to think very hard and carefully to arrive at his opinions and never rushed to issue a Fatwa. Once someone asked him a question, and another person remarked that the question was very easy. Imam Malik replied that there is nothing easy or trivial with regard to giving a rule. Imam Malik also disliked lengthy arguments. He was once asked that if a person was very knowledgeable in the Hadith and Sunnah, should that person continue arguing his point. Imam Malik replied that such a person should just issue his opinion and his evidence without engaging in too much of a discussion or debate.

伊玛目马立克的课堂以其宁静、严谨和学生对这位博学老师所表现出的崇高敬意而著称。有一次,哈伦·拉希德在访问麦地那期间,想要听《穆宛塔》(伊玛目马立克收集的圣训集)。哈伦派人召见伊玛目,伊玛目劝告他说:“拉希德啊,圣训是你的祖先曾经所重视的一门学问,他们对它极为尊重。作为哈里发,如果你不尊重它,别人也不会尊重它。再者,是人们来寻求知识,而不是知识去寻求人们。”哈里发哈伦·拉希德同意听取《穆宛塔》,并与他的学生们一同聆听。

Imam Malik‟s classes were characterised by their serenity, discipline and high sense of respect, exhibited by the students for their learned teacher. Once, during his visit to Madinah, Haroon ar Rashid wanted to hear the Muwatta (collection of traditions by Imam Malik). Haroon sent for the Imam who advised him saying, “Rashid, tradition is a learning that used to be patronised by your ancestors. They had utmost regard for it. If you do not respect it as a Khaleefah, no one else will. Furthermore, people come to seek knowledge but knowledge doesn‟t seek people.” Khaleefah Haroon ar Rashid agreed to listen to the Muwatta and his students.

在从伊玛目马利克的学识中获益的人当中，有哈里发曼苏尔、哈迪、哈伦和马蒙等人。学者如艾布·哈尼法、沙斐仪和艾布·优素福等，也只是其中几位，同样受益于伊玛目马利克的教导。

Among the persons who benefited from Imam Malik‟s learning were Khulafa such as Mansoor, Hadi, Haroon, and Mamun. Scholars like Abu Hanifah, Shafi‟i, and Abu Yusuf to name just a few, also benefited from the teachings of Imam Malik.

伊玛目马立克生活在倭马亚王朝和阿拔斯王朝的统治之下。他并不完全赞同他们的统治，也没有加入叛乱者的行列，而是劝告人们不应容忍他们的不义行为。他与统治者之间的麻烦也没有能够避免，尤其是在艾布·加法尔·曼苏尔时期。伊玛目马立克曾转述过一段圣训，其中先知ﷺ说：

Imam Malik lived under the rule of the Ummayyads and the Abbassids. He did not entirely agree with their rule, nor did he join the rebels, but rather he advised that the people should not tolerate their wrong doings. He was not exempt from problems with the rulers, especially during the era of Abu Jafar al-Mansoor. Imam Malik had reported a Hadith in which the Prophet (saw) said:

“没有在胁迫之下所立的誓言是有效的。”当时，什叶派的一些人在穆罕默德·纳夫斯·宰基雅的领导下发动起义，并以这段圣训作为起义的依据。艾布·贾法尔·曼苏尔派人去见伊玛目马利克，想要查证这段圣训是否确实由伊玛目马利克传述并予以支持。伊玛目马利克告诉使者，他确实传述过这段圣训。哈里发由此理解为伊玛目马利克参与了什叶派的叛乱。他遂被监禁，并遭受了极为严厉的鞭打，以至双手变形（此后伊玛目马利克祈祷时便将双手垂放在身侧）。之后，艾布·贾法尔曾试图与伊玛目马利克和解。伊玛目马利克曾说：

“There is no oath if given under duress.” At that time some of the Shi‟a, under the leadership of Muhammad Nafsul Zakiyyah were leading a revolt against the Khaleefah, using this Hadith as a basis for their revolt. Abu Jafar al-Mansoor sent a messenger to Imam Malik to ascertain if this Hadith had in fact been reported and supported by Imam Malik. Imam Malik told the Messenger that he had in fact reported that Riwayah, and so the Khaleefah understood from the reply that Imam Malik was a part of the Shi‟a‟s rebellion. He was imprisoned and was beaten very severely to the point that his hands became deformed (Imam Malik after this used to pray with his hands at his side). Afterwards, Abu Jafar tried to reconcile with Imam Malik. Imam Malik once said:

“当我在朝觐季节回去拜见艾布·贾法尔时，他对我说：‘我指着安拉发誓，我并没有指示任何人对你做出那些事。只要你在他们之中，两圣地的人民就会一直处于良好的状况。只要你在他们之中，安拉就会使这个乌玛获得尊崇。我已下令把那位负责此事的瓦利召到我面前，将他关进监狱，羞辱、辱骂他，并且以比你所受的更重的刑罚惩罚了他。’”

“When I returned to meet Abu Jafar during the Hajj season, he told me: „I swear by Allah, I did not instruct anyone with what happened to you. The people of Al-Haramayn will remain in a good condition as long as you are with them. Allah lifted up this Ummah as long as you are with them. I ordered the Wali who was responsible to come to me and I have put him in jail, humiliated, insulted and punished him with more than what you were punished”.

马利克伊玛目接着说道：“愿安拉赐你健康，并使你在审判日有好的归宿。我已宽恕那位瓦利，因为他是先知ﷺ的亲属。”

Imam Malik continued, “May Allah give you good health and a good destination on the day of Judgment. I have forgiven that Wali since he is a relative of the Prophet (saw).”

他的著作《穆宛塔》是最早的圣训汇编之一。伊玛目马立克是圣训学领域最伟大的学者之一。他也是少数将其圣训的传述链（Isnad，伊斯纳德）记录在圣训集中，以惠及后人的学者之一。

His book Al-Muwatta is one of the earliest collections of Ahadith. Imam Malik was one of the greatest scholars in the field of Hadith. He was also one of the few who wrote down the results of his Isnad (chain of reporters) in his collection of Hadith for the benefit of later generations.

他开始撰写此书的时候正值阿尔·曼苏尔时期，完成于阿尔·迈赫迪时期。哈伦·拉希德想把此书采纳为伊斯兰国法令的立法依据，但伊玛目马立克拒绝了，并且反对把一本抄本挂在天房（克尔白）里。《大全》（Al Mudawan Al Kubrah）一书也归于他名下。

He began writing it during the era of Al Mansoor and finished it during the era of Al Mahdi. Haroon Ar-Rashid wanted to adopt it as a legislative source of Islamic State‟s canons but Imam Malik refused, and was also against the idea of hanging a copy in the Ka‟aba. The book of Al Mudawan Al Kubrah is also attributed to him.

公认的马立克学派学者包括：

Well-recognised Maliki scholars include:

阿卜杜勒-拉赫曼·本·盖西姆。

 Abdur-Rahman ibn Qasim.

阿卜杜勒·瓦哈卜·阿里·巴格达迪。

 Abdul Wahab Ali al Baghdadi.

阿里·伊本·哈兹姆。

 Ali ibn Hazm.

卡迪·伊亚德

 Qadi Iyad.

艾卜·伯克尔·穆罕默德·阿尔·巴基拉尼。

 Abu Bakr Muhammad al Baqillani.

伊本·鲁世德，《宗师的起点与节制者的终点》的作者。

 Ibn Rushd who wrote Bidayatul Mujtahid.