12.5 伊斯兰教法（Fiqh）能否改变？ - 理解伊斯兰教法原理（Usul Al-Fiqh） | Quran Course

12.5 伊斯兰教法（Fiqh）能否改变？ - 理解伊斯兰教法原理（Usul Al-Fiqh） | Quran Course

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12.5 伊斯兰教法（Fiqh）能否改变？

12.5 Can Fiqh Be Changed?

by Abu Tariq Hilal - Abu Ismael al-Beirawi1 min readViewed 51 times

有些"学者"声称，因环境或情况的变化而改变伊斯兰教法（Fiqh）并无问题。这一观点的支持者给出了以下理由：

Some “scholars” claim that there is no problem in changing the Fiqh due to the change in environment or circumstances. The proponents of this view give the following justifications:

A. 斐格赫（Fiqh）是人的理解与诠释，而沙里亚（Shari‟ah）则是安拉（subhanahu wa ta‘ala）所启示的沙尔仲裁（Hukm Shar‟i）。沙里亚即是瓦希（Wahy，启示），而斐格赫则可以有不同的理解。因此，斐格赫不是启示，是可以改变的。

A. Fiqh is human interpretation while the Shari‟ah is Hukm Shar‟i, which Allah (swt) revealed. The Shari‟ah is the Wahy (revelation) but Fiqh is open to different interpretations. Thus, Fiqh is not a revelation and can be changed.

B. 伊斯兰教的一些律例以“urf（习惯）为基础；新习惯的出现会引发教法（Fiqh）的改变。

B. Some rules in Islam are based on „Urf (traditions); the emergence of new traditions would trigger a change in the Fiqh.

C. 圣门弟子（愿真主喜悦他们）曾改变过先知的一些裁决。例如，先知ﷺ曾建议，若走失的骆驼被发现，应任其离去，因为它会自己找到出路。另一方面，欧麦尔（愿真主喜悦他）要求人们把走失的骆驼送到伊斯兰国，在那里可以妥善保管，以便主人前来认领。

C. The Sahabah (ra) have changed some rulings of the Prophet (saw). For example, if the camel was misguided the Prophet (saw) recommended leaving it because it will find its own way. On the other hand, Umar (ra) asked the people to bring the lost camels to the Islamic State where the camels can be kept for the owners to claim them.

哈里发负责以他认为最有效的任何方式照料乌玛的事务。这可能会随时间而变化。例如，欧麦尔（ra）要求人们把走失的骆驼交给国家当局。而先知ﷺ曾说，任其自去，骆驼自会找到它的主人。欧麦尔（ra）在位期间，国家不断壮大，因此必须有人来处理这一事务。既然哈里发是乌玛的照料者，欧麦尔（ra）便要求人们把骆驼交到国家手中。

The Khaleefah has the responsibility for taking care of the Ummah‟s affair in any way he finds most effective. This may change from time to time. For example, Umar (ra) asked the people to bring the lost camel to the State authority. While, the Prophet (saw) said to leave the camel and it will find its own owner. During the days of Umar (ra) the State was growing and someone had to take care of this matter. Since the Khaleefah is the caretaker of the Ummah, Umar (ra) asked the people to bring the camel to the state.

伊玛目沙斐仪完全改变了他的方法论；这一点在本书前文已有讨论。

What Imam Shafi‟i did was that he changed his methodology completely; this point was discussed earlier in the book.

如果某些裁决与"Urf（习惯）相关，那么裁决可能因地而异，但这并不改变伊斯兰教法，因为裁决依然存在。例如，某种习惯可能要求婚约中不提及聘礼。这是可以接受的，因为支付聘礼的裁决依然必须执行。换言之，如果婚约中没有提及聘礼，那么法官就会参照该城市或乡村的"Urf（习惯），比照与该女子身份相似的其他女子的聘礼。另一个例子是雇佣工人时未明确约定工资，那么法官就会考察人们为类似工作所支付的报酬。

If some rulings are connected with the „Urf (custom), the ruling may differ from one place to another but this is not changing the Fiqh because the ruling still exists. For example, a custom might dictate that the dowry should not be mentioned. This is acceptable because the ruling to pay the dowry must still be carried out. In other words, if dowry were not mentioned in the contract, then the judge would look at the „Urf (custom) of the city or village and compare the dowry of another woman with a similar status. Another example is of a worker employed without specifying the wage, then the judge would observe what the people paid for a similar job.