有必要给《古兰经》下一个定义。依据这一定义，我们就能知道哪些内容可以在拜中诵读，哪些不可以；哪些是伊斯兰教法（Hukm Shara‟i）中的证据，哪些不是；也能知道因否认什么而使人成为卡菲尔（Kafir，不信者），以及什么不构成不信。我们所说的《古兰经》定义，是指作为教法依据（Fiqh）的《古兰经》。

It is necessary to define the Qur‟an, from this definition we will know what is allowed to be read in prayer and what is not. What is a proof in Hukm Shara‟i and what is not? It also tells us what makes somebody a Kafir due to what he denies and what does not constitute disbelief. So when we define Qur‟an we mean the Qur‟an as evidence in Fiqh.

《古兰经》（Qur‟an）一词源自动词 Qara‟a，意为“阅读”或“诵读”。因此，从词源上讲，“古兰经”的意思是被阅读或被诵读的经典。

Qur‟an is derived from the word Qara‟a, which means to read or recite. Therefore, Qur‟an linguistically means the book that has been read or recited.

作为一个术语，《古兰经》是真主（SWT）的奇迹性言语，以阿拉伯语启示给穆罕默德ﷺ，并通过泰瓦图尔（Tawatur）的方式传承至我们。诵读《古兰经》被视为一种“伊巴达”（崇拜行为）。所谓真主（SWT）的言语，是指《古兰经》就是真主（SWT）的确切言辞，它以今天的样子启示给穆罕默德ﷺ。所谓“奇迹性”，是指没有任何人能够创作出与之相似的作品。3

As a term, Qur‟an is Allah‟s (swt) miraculous speech revealed unto Muhammad (saw) in Arabic and transferred to us by the Tawatur method. The recitation of Qur‟an is considered as an „„Ibadah (act of worship). By Allah‟s (swt) speech it is meant that the Qur‟an is the exact words of Allah (swt). It was revealed to Muhammad (saw) as it exists today. By „miraculous‟ it is meant that no one can produce something similar to it.3

“in Arabic”这一说法指的是《古兰经》的语言，而非其涵盖范围或所含思想，因为《古兰经》是面向所有阿拉伯人和非阿拉伯人的。《古兰经》的准则具有普遍性，不局限于某一民族、某一地区或某一时代。整部《古兰经》完全是阿拉伯语的，不含任何外来语言。 伊玛目沙斐仪在其《里萨拉》中说：“《古兰经》表明，真主的经典中没有任何部分不是阿拉伯语。那个持有这种观点的人（认为《古兰经》中有外来词）的看法，可能被一些人通过盲目服从（taqlid）而接受，他们把证据的问题交给他和与他意见不同的人去判断。然而，仅凭盲目服从，他们就是怠于职守了。愿真主饶恕他们和我们。但是，那些认为《古兰经》中有不属于阿拉伯语的词汇的人，其观点被他人接受，或许是指某些特定的词汇，有些阿拉伯人不理解。” 此外，阿拉伯人对《古兰经》中某些词汇的不了解，并不能证明《古兰经》中含有外来词。更可能的情况是，一些非阿拉伯人学会了某些阿拉伯语词汇，之后这些词在他们的语言中广泛流传。因此，他们语言中的某些词可能与《古兰经》中提到的某些词相对应，或者某些外来词进入了阿拉伯语，并因此成为阿拉伯语本身的一部分。即便其词根源自外语，由于阿拉伯人已将其作为自己语言的一部分使用，它也不能再被视为外来词了。

The term “in Arabic” refers to the language of the Qur‟an, not to its scope or ideas because Qur‟an addresses all Arabs and non-Arabs. The rules of Qur‟an are universal and not restricted to one ethnic group or a specific area or time. All the Qu‟ran is completely in Arabic and contains no foreign tongue. Imam Shafi says in his Risala, “The Qu‟ran indicates that there is no portion in the Book of Allah that is not in the Arab tongue. He who expressed such an opinion [concerning foreign words in the Qu‟ran] may have found some [men] who accepted it by [sheer] submission (taqlid) to his authority, leaving the matter of proof up to him and to those who have disagreed with him. However, by mere submission they have neglected [their duty]; Allah forgive them and us. But, perhaps, he who expressed the opinion that there are in the Quran [words] which are not of the Arab tongue-and his opinion was accepted by others meant that there are certain particular [words] which are not understood by some Arabs.” Furthermore, the ignorance of the Arabs about some words of the Quran is not evidence that the Quran contains foreign words. Rather there is a possibility that some non-Arabs learned some Arabic words and then it became wide spread in their language. Because of this some of their words may correspond to some words mentioned in the Quran, or maybe some foreign words entered in the Arabic language. And hence it became part of the Arabic language itself and therefore cannot be considered a foreign word anymore as the Arabs used it as part of their language, even if its root is foreign.

许多经文表明，《古兰经》完全是用阿拉伯语写成的，例如：

Many verses point that the Quran is completely in Arabic such as:

“{ 我确已将它降示为阿拉伯文《古兰经》 }”（《优素福》章：2）

“Verily, We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur‟an.” (TMQ Yusuf: 2)

“一部经文被详细阐明的经典——是用阿拉伯语写成的《古兰经》，供有知识的人阅读。”（TMQ 《奉献》：3）

“A Book whereof the Verses are explained in detail - a Qur‟an in Arabic for people who know.” (TMQ Fussilat: 3)

“一部没有任何弯曲的阿拉伯文古兰经，或许他们会敬畏主。”（TMQ 祖迈尔章：29）

“An Arabic Quran with no crookedness in it, perchance they will be God fearing.” (TMQ Al-Zumar: 29)

“这样，我们降下它作为一部阿拉伯语的法典。”（《古兰经》雷尔德章：37）

“Thus We sent it down as an Arabic Law.” (TMQ Ar-Ra‟ad: 37)

“这样，我已将一部阿拉伯文的《古兰经》启示给你（穆罕默德ﷺ）。”（TMQ 舒拉章：7）

“And thus We have revealed unto you (O Muhammad [saw]) a Qur‟an (in Arabic).” (TMQ Shurah: 7)

“我们确已将它制成阿拉伯语的《古兰经》。”（《古兰经》43:3）

“We verily, have made it a Qur‟an in Arabic.” (TMQ Zukhruf: 3)

所谓塔瓦图尔（Tawatur）方法，是指由一群人转述给我们，这群人不可能串通说谎或捏造谎言。《古兰经》是通过整整一代人、而非仅仅一个群体，逐代传递给后继者的，直至传到当今这一代，在传递过程中没有任何间断。

By Tawatur method it is meant that a group or people for whom it is impossible to lie or conspire to fabricate a lie conveyed it to us. The Qur‟an was transferred to us through an entire generation, not just by a group, to its successors, until it reached the present generation, without any interval in this transference.

仅仅用阿拉伯语诵读《古兰经》，即使不理解其含义，也被视为一种敬拜（ʿIbādah）。在这一点上，《古兰经》不同于圣训，圣训不能被当作敬拜而诵读。然而，思考《古兰经》和圣训的含义，都被视为一种敬拜。

Reciting Qur‟an in Arabic by itself, without even comprehending its meaning is considered an „„Ibadah. In this regard, Qur‟an is different from Hadith, which cannot be recited as an act of „„Ibadah. However, thinking about the meanings of both the Qur‟an and Hadith is considered an „„Ibadah.