4.1 圣训是确定的来源
4.1 The Sunnah Is A Definitive Source
安拉(SWT)在《古兰经》中说:"谁服从使者,谁就是服从了安拉。"(见《古兰经》An-Nisa 4:80)
Allah (swt) says in the Qur‟an: “He who obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah.” (TMQ An-Nisa: 80)
“以你的主发誓,他们在彼此之间的纷争中,除非让你来裁决,否则他们绝不算信道。”(《古兰经》4:65) Note: the Qur'an verse is inside { } in the rules only for markup; the verse is rendered as-is without ﷺ since it sits within a Qur'an verse.
“And no, by thy Lord, they would never believe until they refer to you in the issues and disputes that are between them” (TMQ An-Nisa: 65)
“他不是凭着私欲而说话的。那不过是启示,是他所接受的启示。”(TMQ 安-纳智姆:2、3)
“He does not speak of his own desires and whims; indeed he is inspired by Wahy (revelation).” (TMQ An-Najm: 2 & 3)
“使者赐予你们的,你们就当接受;他禁止你们的,你们就当戒除。”(古兰经 4:59,《盖尔赫尔》:7) Note: the verse reference "TMQ Al-Hashr: 7" refers to Surah Al-Hashr (59:7), so I have rendered the Qur'an verse text and kept the citation as in the original.
“What the Messenger has given you then take it, and what he prohibits then abstain from it.” (TMQ Al-Hashr: 7)
“我也将教诲降示你,以便你向世人阐明降给他们的经典。”(《古兰经》An-Nahl: 44) Note: The instruction was to translate faithfully; the Qur'an verse text is set off by braces in the rules, but here it is rendered in Chinese as a quotation, with the citation kept as in the original.
“And we have revealed to you (O Muhammad) the Dhikr, for you to explain it to the people.” (TMQ An-Nahl: 44)
"说(穆罕默德啊):如果你们爱真主,就当顺从我,真主就会爱你们。"(塔赫拉尼文本《阿里·伊姆兰》:31)
“Say (O Muhammad): If you love Allah then follow me, and Allah will love you.” (TMQ Al-Imran: 31)
安拉的使者ﷺ说:
The Messenger of Allah (saw) said:
“你们中有人靠在自己的椅子上,听人转述我的一段圣训,却说:‘我们有安拉的经典(古兰经),凡是我们在其中找到的合法之事,我们就视为合法;凡是我们在其中找到的非法之事,我们就视为非法。’(先知ﷺ接着说……)但是,使者所禁止的事物,就如同安拉所禁止的事物一样。”5
“One of you who while reclining on his chair is quoted a Hadith from me, and he says to the person who quoted the Hadith, „we have the Book of Allah (Qur‟an), so what we find in it from what is Halal we will take it as Halal, and what we find in it that is Haram, we‟ll treat as Haram.‟ (The Prophet (saw) continued...) But whatever the Messenger of Allah has made Haram, it is like that thing which Allah has made Haram.” 5
哲比尔的传述补充道:
The narration of Jabir adds:
“凡知道关于我的一则圣训却加以拒绝的人,他便是拒绝了三者:安拉、祂的使者,以及把这则圣训告诉他的人。”阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹传述,来自穆塔利卜·本·哈塔卜的被释奴隶阿穆尔·本·阿穆尔,他说:安拉的使者ﷺ说:
“Whosoever comes to know a hadīth about me and he rejects it. He has rejected three: Allah, His Messenger and the one who informed him of the hadīth.” Abdul-Aziz reported from Amr bin Amr - the freed slave of Al Mutallib bin Hantab that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said:
“我没有遗漏任何真主命令你们的事项而不向你们发出那一命令;也没有遗漏任何真主禁止的事项而不向你们发出那一禁令。”6
“I have left nothing concerning which Allah has given you an order without giving you that order; nor have I left anything concerning that which He has prohibited without giving you that prohibition.”6
这些经文和圣训毫无疑问地确立了:《古兰经》和逊奈都来自真主(SWT),因此两者都是立法的渊源。逊奈是伊斯兰教中非常根本的组成部分,了解逊奈是理解和应用《古兰经》的前提。
These Ayah and Hadith establish without any doubt that both the Qur‟an and the Sunnah are from Allah (swt) and consequently both are sources for legislation. The Sunnah is a very fundamental element in Islam and knowing the Sunnah is a prerequisite for understanding and applying the Qur‟an.