持这类伊జ්马仪观点的学者，将其限定于麦地那人。他们以先知（愿主赐福他并使他平安）的圣训为据： Wait—I must correct: the translation should use ﷺ rather than the written-out honorific, and the term should be 伊斯玛仪? No: Ijma' is 公议 (consensus). Corrected final: 持这类公议观点的学者，将其限定于麦地那人。他们以先知ﷺ的圣训为据：

The Ulema who subscribe to this type of Ijma‟ have restricted it to the people of Madinah. They base their opinion on the Hadith of the Prophet (saw):

“麦地那城会洗去一切污秽（Khabath）。”（布哈里与穆斯林）

“The Madinah city cleanses all filth (Khabath).” (Bukhari & Muslim)

学者们还主张，“Khabath”（خرع）一词的意思是“错误”，在这种情况下，该圣训也表明其所指的人群是没有错误的。既然这群人没有错误，那么他们的一致意见（Ijma‟）就被视为有效。

The Ulema also claim that Khabath (خرع ) means mistakes and in this case the Hadith would also indicate that its people are free from mistakes. Since the people are free from mistakes, it follows that their Ijma‟ is considered valid.

完整的圣训文本见于布哈里和穆斯林的辑录。圣训记载，一位贝都因人向先知ﷺ宣誓归信伊斯兰，之后他生病了，便说：“真主的先知啊，请解除我对您所许下的效忠誓约。”先知ﷺ拒绝了。那人又再次请求，先知ﷺ再次拒绝，于是他离开了先知ﷺ，随后病就好了。先知ﷺ说：

The complete text of the Hadith is mentioned in Bukhari and Muslim. It relates that a bedouin gave the pledge of Islam to the Prophet (saw), he then became sick and said: O Prophet (saw), free me from the allegiance I gave to you. The Prophet (saw) rejected. The man then asked again and the Prophet (saw) again rejected, so he left the Prophet (saw) and became well. The Prophet (saw) said:

“麦地那城就像风箱（铁匠用来向火中鼓风、使火迅速燃烧的工具）。它会清除其中的污秽（Khabath），它的善美也将焕发光辉。”（布哈里、穆斯林、艾哈迈德）

“The city of Madinah is like the bellows (an instrument used by a blacksmith for blowing air into the fire to make the fire burn quickly). It cleanses its filth (Khabath) and its goodness will shine”. (Bukhari, Muslim & Ahmad)

这段圣训表明的是麦地那城的一种特性——它能够净化人，而不是指麦地那的居民本身。此外，伊智提哈德中的错误不能被视为“赫巴斯”（污秽），因为这种错误并不会带来任何奖赏。

This Hadith indicates an attribute of the city of Madinah that it cleanses people, it does not indicate the people of Madinah as such. Furthermore, any mistake in Ijtihad cannot be considered as Khabath (filth) because there is no reward in this.

先知ﷺ禁止了污秽之物（Khabath）。在先知ﷺ的以下圣训中：

The Prophet (saw) has forbid Khabath (filth). In the following sayings of the Prophet (saw):

“狗是不洁之物，出售狗所得的价钱是污秽的。”（穆斯林圣训实录）

“The Dog is Filth and the the price (money obtained from selling) of a dog is Khabith (filth).” (Muslim)

“妓女或娼妓的彩礼（因通奸所得之钱财）是“赫巴伊斯”（污秽之物）。”（布哈里与穆斯林辑录）

“The dowry (money taken for Zina) of a whore or prostitute is Khabaith (filthy).” (Bukhari & Muslim)

“酒是一切污秽之物的根源。”（《奈萨伊圣训集》）

“Alcohol is the mother of all Khabaith (filth).” (An-Nisai)

然而，即便mujtahid（穆贾塔希德）判断有误、犯了错误，他仍会获得回报。因为先知ﷺ说："我的乌玛对于三件事不负责任：错误、遗忘，以及被迫做的事。"（伊本·马哲）

However, the Mujtahid would be rewarded even if he erred and made an error. For the Prophet (saw) said “My Ummah is not responsible for three things: mistakes, forgetfulness, and whatever is done under duress.” (Ibn Majah)

因此，Khabath不能被视为错误，Ijma‟ ahlel Madinah也不能被当作绝对正确的依据。此外，用来论证Ijma‟ ahlel Madinah的圣训并非确定无疑（Qata‟i）的。

So, Khabath cannot be considered as an error and Ijma‟ ahlel Madinah cannot be taken as infallible. Furthermore, the Hadith used to justify Ijma‟ ahlel Madinah is not Qata‟i.