10.1 穆哲台希德之间产生分歧的原因
10.1 Reason for Differences of Opinion among the Mujtahideen
存在着合理的学术分歧,这属于穆智台希德之间的正当差异。试图消除出现多种理解的可能,既违背伊斯兰的本质,也违背真主(SWT)所创造的人类的本性。
There exist legitimate differences amongst Mujtahideen. Trying to eliminate the possibilities of having more than one understanding goes against the nature of Islam, and the nature of human beings, which Allah (swt) created.
那些呼吁统一为单一教派的人,实际上是在现有各教派之外又增添了一个新的教派。这是因为,有人可能因充分的理由而不同意这一新教派,并最终坚持自己的理解。应当明白,主权属于伊斯兰的立法来源,即源自启示(Wahy)的经训。如果每个人都牢记这一点,并愿意放弃自己的意见,转而采纳基于证据(Daleel)的观点,那么这些问题便可以消除。
Those calling for this single Madhab are in fact adding a new Madhab to the already existing ones. This is due to the fact that a person might disagree with this new Madhab, for valid reasons, and would finally adhere to his understanding. It should be understood that sovereignty belongs to the Islamic legislative sources, which came from the Wahy (revelation). If everyone keeps this idea in mind and is ready to abandon his own opinion in order to adopt an opinion based on the Daleel, the problems would be eliminated.
如果我们研究圣门弟子(愿真主喜悦他们)时代的众多事例,就会发现:在艾卜·伯克尔(愿真主喜悦他)的时代,圣门弟子之间存在分歧。然而,他们之中没有一人因为要等所有意见融合成一个统一的意见,而推迟为哈里发制度而努力。实际上,他们认识到,比任何事情都更迫切需要的,甚至比立即安葬先知ﷺ更为迫切的,是推选一位哈里发,由他来处理他们的事务,全面实施伊斯兰教的一切规定。如此,便能建立起一种环境,使社会能够应对它所面临的任何问题。
If we study the numerous examples during the era of the Sahabah (ra) we can find that in the days of Abu Bakr (ra), there were differences among the Sahabah (ra). However, none of them postponed working for the Khilafah until all opinions were melted into one single opinion. Actually they realised that, what was needed more than anything else, even more than the immediate burial of the Prophet (saw), was to elect a Khaleefah who would take care of their affairs by implementing all of Islam. Thus establishing an environment in which the society would be able to cope with any issue that it is faced with.
同样,当下所需要的正是这样一个权威,它能够确立并实施伊斯兰。然而,只要乌玛仍然忙于诸如"团结在一个新的教法学派之下"这类号召,而这类号召实际上是在维护和延续塔古特(邪恶)的统治,乌玛就将持续分裂、迷失方向,其问题也将不断增多。在没有解决自身问题的机制的情况下,乌玛将继续受到统治它的人以库夫尔(不信)的律法所操纵。
Similarly, what is needed presently is this same authority, which establishes and implements Islam. However, as long as the Ummah is preoccupied with calls such as working to unite under one new Madhab, which is a call to keep and prolong the rule of Taghoot (evil), the Ummah will continue to be disunited, misdirected, with its problems continuously multiplying. With no mechanism to solve its problem, the Ummah will continue to be manipulated by those who rule over it with the rules of Kufr.