1.6 伊斯兰教法(沙里亚)的应用
1.6 The Application Of Shar‟iah
伊斯兰教法(Shari‟ah)并不仅限于离婚或婚姻方面的内容。它涵盖人与真主(SWT)的关系、人与自身的关系,以及人与他人的关系。此外,要运用这些规则,执行任何一条规则都需要掌握三方面的知识:具体情况、规则本身,以及应用的方法。
The Shari‟ah is not only limited to areas covering divorce or marriage. It covers Man‟s relationship with Allah (swt), with himself, and other people. In addition, to the method for applying these rules, implementing any rule requires having the knowledge of the situation, the rule and the method.
举个例子,伊斯兰教有一条普遍原则:窃贼的手应当被截断。然而,如果某人因饥饿而偷食物,那么这条普遍原则就不适用于这一特定情形。因此,懂得何时以及如何运用一条律例,是必须具备的知识。
As an example, there is a general principle in Islam that a thief‟s hand should be cut off. However, if the individual steals food while hungry then this general principle is not applied in this particular situation. Hence, it is obligatory to have the knowledge of how and when to apply a rule.
对伊斯兰教法的一种误用,是在推行伊斯兰刑罚(哈都德)的同时,又实行以资本主义为基础的经济制度。伊斯兰的刑罚律例本是为了保护实施伊斯兰教法的社会而降示的。在资本主义依靠剥削大众而兴盛的情况下,怎样能够让伊斯兰的刑罚律例与之并行?在贼人正受资本主义压迫的情况下,又有谁能为断其手的伊斯兰刑罚辩护呢?
A misapplication of the Shari‟ah is applying the Islamic laws related to Hudud (punishment) while at the same time implementing an economic system based on capitalism. Islamic laws related to punishment were revealed to protect the society in which Islam is being applied. How can the Islamic laws related to punishment be applied concurrently with capitalism, which thrives on exploiting the masses? How can anyone justify the Islamic punishment of cutting the hand of a thief while the thief is under the oppression of capitalism?
对小偷实施断手之刑,其依据在于保护实行伊斯兰制度的社会,而该制度的职能在于确保国家中每个人的基本需求都得到满足。
The punishment of cutting off the hand of the thief is based upon protecting the society where the Islamic system is in application, a system which functions to see to it that the basic needs of every individual in the State are met.
不应将伊斯兰教法(Shari‟ah)视为我们生活中的负担或障碍,而应视之为真主(SWT)的慈悯。这些律法必须被理解为造物主所启示的宗教(Deen,一种全面的生活方式)的组成部分。这一宗教要求人们坚信,伊斯兰教是解决我们问题的唯一方案;它来自创造我们的真主(SWT),因此真主最知道什么对我们最为有益。
The Shari‟ah should not be viewed as a burden or an obstacle in our lives; but rather, as a mercy from Allah (swt). These laws must be understood as part of the Deen (a comprehensive way of life) revealed by the Creator. This Deen requires a conviction that Islam is the only solution to our problems; it came from Allah (swt), who created us and thus knows what is best for us.
没有任何理由不遵从真主(swt)的任何裁决。正如前文所提到的,我们遵循伊斯兰律法,正是因为它出自真主(swt),这与压迫性的人定法形成鲜明对比。因此,我们应当为真主(swt)为我们指明唯一正确的顺服之道而感到自豪、欢喜并心怀感恩。
There is no reason for us not to obey any ruling from Allah (swt). As mentioned earlier, we follow the Islamic laws just because they are from Allah (swt), in contrast to the oppressive man-made laws. Consequently, we should feel proud, happy, and grateful that Allah (swt) has shown us the only correct way to obey Him (swt).
伊斯兰是一个完整、彻底融合的整体,不能被部分地实施。伊斯兰有关经济的律法的实施,需要天课(Zakah)、抚养义务(Nafaqah)和吉玆亚税(Al-Jizyah)等规则的实施,而这又意味着经济制度的实施。
Islam is a complete and thoroughly integrated unit that cannot be implemented partially. The implementation of the Islamic rules related to the economy necessitates the implementation of the rules of Zakah, Nafaqah, and Al-Jizyah, which in turn means the implementation of the economic system.
经济制度的执行需要同时落实“伊巴达”(礼拜等功修)、社会制度、有关有经人的律例、伊斯兰对外政策以及有关哈里发的律例。伊斯兰制度是相互关联的整体,其中一部分有助于另一部分的执行。
The execution of the economic system requires the implementation of the „„Ibadah, social system, rules related to the People of the Book, Islamic foreign policy, and rules related to the Khaleefah all together. The Islamic system is inter-connected; one part helps the implementation of the other part.
当只执行伊斯兰教的一部分而放弃其他部分时,混乱的结果在今天已经显而易见。例如,安拉(SWT)允许离婚作为解决问题的办法,但今天,由于对这一特定解决办法的错误运用,以及对伊斯兰教整体的误解,离婚本身反而成了问题,而不再是解决之道。
Implementing only parts of Islam and leaving others results in chaos is evident today. For instance, Allah (swt) has permitted divorce to solve a problem, but today divorce itself is a problem rather than a solution due to the misapplication of this particular solution and Islam in general.