7.5 Istihsan(求善/宽议原则)
7.5 Istihsan
"istihsan"在字面上的意思是认为某事更好或选择更优的做法。它派生自"hasuna",后者的意思是善良或美好。作为一个法学术语,istihsan被定义为:由于某个理由,从一种类比推理(Qiyas)转向另一种类比推理,或者因某个理由而搁置某一类比推理。一位穆杰塔希德(Mujtahid)可以考虑其中的任何一种选择。
Istihsan literally means to approve or to do something preferable. It is a derivation of Hasuna, which means being good or beautiful. As a juristic term, Istihsan is defined as shifting from one Qiyas to another Qiyas due to a reason or suspending a Qiyas for a reason. A Mujtahid may take into consideration any of these options.
7.5.1 Istihsan的类型:
7.5.1 Types of Istihsan:
A. 以类比推理进行的istihsan(求善):因有更强的理由,从一种类比推理得出的判决转向另一种类比推理得出的判决。
A. Istihsan by Qiyas- switching from a ruling of Qiyas to another ruling by Qiyas due to a stronger reason.
示例:
Example:
假设艾哈迈德和穆罕默德共同平等地拥有一辆汽车。他们把这辆车以1000美元的价格卖给了朋友阿里。阿里先付给穆罕默德400美元作为第一笔付款。然而,在穆罕默德把属于艾哈迈德的那一份钱交给他之前,这笔钱被偷了。根据类比推理(Qiyas)的裁定,在这种情况下,艾哈迈德和穆罕默德作为合伙人,应当平均分担损失。