逊奈（Sunnah）可以通过五种方式来运用。

The Sunnah can be applied in five ways:

A. 圣训可以解释《古兰经》中未作解释的词语。例如，《古兰经》说：

A. Sunnah can explain a word which is not explained in the Qur‟an For example, the Qur‟an says:

“确立礼拜”（TMQ 黎凡特 Al-Baqarah：43） Note: "TMQ" is the English abbreviation for Taysir al-Quran? I should not add notes. Correct output: “确立礼拜”（TMQ Al-Baqarah：43）

“Establish the Salah” (TMQ Al-Baqarah: 43)

《古兰经》并未解释或说明“使拜功成立”这一术语的任何细节。然而，圣训（逊奈）阐明了“使拜功成立”这一术语的具体内容。安拉的使者ﷺ说：

The Qur‟an does not explain or provide any details regarding the term, “Establish the Salah.” However, the Sunnah explains the details pertaining to the term “Establish the Salah.” The Messenger of Allah (saw) says:

“你们怎样看见我礼拜，就怎样礼拜。”先知（ﷺ）曾观察人们礼拜，并在他们礼拜中出错之处加以纠正。解释与阐明的问题同样涉及朝觐、天课、圣战等其他律例。总之，《古兰经》可能只提及某个术语而不提供任何细节，而圣道（逊奈）则承担着解释这些术语的作用。

“Pray as you see me pray” The Messenger (saw) used to observe people pray and would correct them in the areas of the Salah where they made mistakes. The issue of explanation and clarification also extends to the rules of Hajj, Zakah, Jihad, and others. In summary, the Qur‟an may mention a term without providing any details, but Sunnah plays the role of explaining these terms.

B. 《古兰经》提到一个通用术语，它可以适用于任何人，而《圣训》（逊奈）则进一步明确该术语，并由此确立另一条规则。

B. Qur‟an mentions a general term, which could be applied to any person, while the Sunnah further specifies the term and forms another rule.

例如，《古兰经》说：

For example, the Qur‟an says:

“通奸的男女，你们各打一百鞭。”（《古兰经》An-Nur：2）

“The man and woman who commit Zina, flog each of them with one hundred lashes.” (TMQ An-Nur: 2)

这一规定适用于被判定犯有通奸罪（Zina）的任何男性或女性。然而，使者ﷺ曾对犯有通奸罪的已婚男女施以石刑。因此，在这种情况下，使者ﷺ将已婚的男子和女子单独列出，并对他们适用通奸罪的石刑死刑规定。

This rule can be applied to any male or female who is found guilty of Zina. However, the Messenger (saw) stoned married men and women who committed Zina. Thus, in this case, he (saw) singled out the married man and woman and gave them the rule of stoning to death for Zina.

例如，穆斯林在其《圣训实录》（Sahih）中引述伊本·欧麦尔的传述说：安拉的使者ﷺ曾将一名犹太男子和一名犹太女子因通奸而用石头打死。

As an example, Muslim extracted in his Sahih on the authority of Ibnu Omar that the Messenger of Allah (saw) stoned to death a Jewish man and a Jewish woman for committing adultery.

C. 《古兰经》中可能提到某一条律例而未加任何限制，但《圣训》（逊奈）对该条律例加以限定。

C. A rule may be mentioned in the Qur‟an without any restrictions, but the Sunnah places restrictions on the rule.

例如，《古兰经》说：

For example, the Qur‟an says:

“男女窃贼，你们割断他们的手”（TMQ 《筵席》：38）

“The male and female thief, cut their hands” (TMQ Al-Ma‟ida: 38)

经文中并没有对此规定设置任何限制，经文只是说，被认定犯有偷窃罪的人，应当被截去手。然而，圣训对此刑罚的执行设置了某些限制。其中包括：被盗财物必须达到一个 Nisab（最低限额），即四分之一个第纳尔金币的价值；另外，财物必须是从通常存放此类财物的地方被偷走的。

There is no restriction placed on this rule in the Ayah, which simply states that anyone found guilty of stealing should have his hand cut. However, the Sunnah places certain restrictions on the application of this punishment. Some of which are that the stolen property must equal a Nisab, which amounts to one quarter of a Dinar in gold. Also, the property must be stolen from a place where such property wealth is usually kept.

它必须置于一般的保护之下，这既关乎人，也关乎财产本身。例如，如果珠宝是放在外面而不是锁在安全的地方，那么偷窃者不会被砍手，尽管这种行为仍然是哈拉姆（禁止的）。另一个例子是，如果羊或马不是养在畜棚或马厩里，那么偷窃它们将不适用哈德刑罚，尽管偷窃它们同样是哈拉姆的。

It has to be kept under average protection, which is relevant to the people and the property itself. For example, if the jewellery is left in the open instead of a locked up place, then the one who steals it will not have his hand cut off, even though the action is still Haram. Another example is if the sheep or horses are not kept in a barn or stable, then stealing will not call for the implementation of the Hadd, even though stealing them is Haram.

D. 《古兰经》中一条原有的规定，若经过解释，既没有限制，也没有例外，而圣训则在该原则之上增添了新的条款。

D. An original rule in the Qur‟an, which is explained, has neither restrictions nor exceptions, but the Sunnah adds new items to the original rule.

例如，《古兰经》说：

For example, the Qur‟an says:

“{被禁止娶你们的有：你们的母亲、女儿、姐妹、姑母、姨母、侄女、外甥女、乳母、乳母的姐妹、岳母，以及你们与妻子同房后，妻子带来的前夫之女，即你们监护下的继女……}”（TMQ 《妇女章》：23）

“Forbidden to you are your mothers, daughters, paternal and maternal aunts, nieces, foster mothers and sisters, mothers-in-law, and step daughter....” (TMQ An-Nisa: 23)

sunnah added that: "No woman can be married to a man who is already married to her sister or her maternal / paternal aunt." (Bukhari & Muslim) Wait, I must produce the translation only, in Simplified Chinese, following the rules. Correct output: 圣训补充道：“任何女子都不得嫁给已经娶了她的姐妹或她的姑母、姨母的男人。”（布哈里、穆斯林）

The Sunnah added that: “No woman can be married to a man who is already married to her sister or her maternal / paternal aunt.” (Bukhari & Muslim)

男子也禁止娶曾经哺乳过他的女子。因此，圣训在《古兰经》的规定之外又增加了若干禁止事项。

Men are also prohibited from marrying the women who breast-fed them. Thus, the Sunnah adds extra items to the Qur‟anic rule.

E. 一条源自圣训而非《古兰经》的规定。

E. A rule originating from the Sunnah and not the Qur‟an.

例如，使者ﷺ说：

For example the Messenger (saw) said:

“人们在三样东西上是合伙人：水、牧草（kela）和火（包括能源资源）。”（艾布·达乌德）

“People are partners in three things. The water, the graze (kela), and the fire (includes power resources).” (Abu Dawud)

这段圣训确立了伊斯兰国家中关于自然资源公有的一些规则。《古兰经》从未明确论及国家中的公有制问题。

This Hadith established rules related to public ownership of the natural resources in the Islamic State. The topic of public ownership in the State was never explicitly addressed in the Qur‟an.