"Sunnah"在语言学上的意思是道路或方式。作为一个法学术语，"Sunnah"在伊斯兰文化的不同学科中有不同的含义。

Sunnah, linguistically, means a path or a way. As a juristic term “Sunnah” has different meanings to various disciplines of the Islamic culture.

致圣训学者们：

• To the Ulema of Hadith:

“Sunnah”指的是所有从先知ﷺ那里传述下来的内容，包括他的行为、他的言论、他默许的事情，以及所有描述他身体特征和品德的传闻。

Sunnah refers to all that is narrated from the Prophet (saw), his acts, his sayings, whatever he has tacitly approved, and all the reports that describe his physical attributes and character.

致伊斯兰教法学（Fiqh）学者们：

• To the Ulema of Fiqh (Jurisprudence):

在这个意义上，"逊奈"（Sunnah）指的是"曼都卜"（Mandub）或"纳菲拉"（Nafilah）这一类别。因此，"逊奈"在此与"曼都卜"同义使用。例如，在斋月之外额外礼拜或额外斋戒，都属于"曼都卜"或"纳菲拉"。

Sunnah refers to the category of Mandub or Nafilah. In this sense, Sunnah is used synonymously with Mandub. As an example, praying extra prayers or fasting extra days other than in Ramadan is Mandub or Nafilah.

致usul al-fiqh学者们:

• To the Ulema of Usul al-Fiqh:

Sunnah（逊奈）指伊斯兰教法（沙里亚）的另一渊源，与《古兰经》并列。因此，在教法原理（Usul al-Fiqh）的用语中，人们可以说斋戒斋月以外的日子源自逊奈，这表明逊奈确立了这一裁决。

Sunnah refers to another source of Shari‟ah along with the Qur‟an. Thus, in the usage of Usul al-Fiqh, one might say that fasting days other than in Ramadan is from Sunnah, denoting that the Sunnah has validated this ruling.

在《伊斯兰法理学》（Usul al-Fiqh）中使用的“逊奈”（Sunnah）一词，不应与教法学（Fiqh）中的“逊奈”相混淆。在教法学中，“逊奈”与“奈菲来”（Nafilah）或“曼杜卜”（Mandub）同义，指值得推荐的行为。而在法理学中，“逊奈”是推导教法裁决的渊源之一，它确立了以下几类沙里尔裁定（Hukm Shar‟i）。

The usage of Sunnah in Usul al-Fiqh should not be confused with the Sunnah in Fiqh. In Fiqh, the term Sunnah is synonymous to Nafilah or Mandub, meaning a recommended act. In Usul al-Fiqh, it is a source for extracting rulings, and it establishes the following types of Hukm Shar‟i:

• 法尔德（Fard）：例如，礼拜的做法是由圣训确立的，而非来自《古兰经》。《古兰经》只下达了礼拜的命令。

• Fard: (فشض ) For example, the method of praying the Salah is established from the Sunnah and not the Qur‟an. The Qur‟an issues the command to pray.

• 哈拉姆（Haram）：在开斋节当天斋戒是哈拉姆（禁止的），这一点有圣训为证。

• Haram: (قشجَ ) Fasting on the day of Eid is Haram and is established from the Sunnah.

• 推荐（Mandub）/ 逊奈（Sunnah）：（ذِٕٚخ/ع ٕس）周一斋戒是推荐的，并且有圣训确立（来自圣行）。

• Mandub / Sunnah: ( ذِٕٚخ/ع ٕس ) Fasting on Monday is Mandub and is established from the Sunnah.

• 厌恶之事（Makruh）：去清真寺之前吃大蒜是厌恶之事（Makruh），这一点有圣训为据。

• Makruh: (ِىشٖٚ ) Eating garlic before going to masjid is Makruh and is established from the Sunnah.

• 允许（Mubah）：有时先知（愿主赐福他并使他平安）坐着或站着喝水。 Note: the instruction says ﷺ should replace "(saw)" after the Prophet. Corrected version: • 允许（Mubah）：有时先知ﷺ坐着或站着喝水。

• Mubah: (رِح ) At times the Prophet (saw) drank water while sitting or standing.