许多穆斯林在匆匆读过一节经文或一段圣训后，就过于急切地断定某事是哈拉姆（被禁止的）或是法尔德（必须履行的）。立法依据中的命令并非都属于法尔德或哈拉姆。用来区分各类沙里尔裁定（Hukm Shar‟i）的准则，同样属于伍苏勒·菲格赫（Usul al-Fiqh）的范畴。

Many Muslims are too quick to conclude that something is either Haram (prohibited) or Fard (compulsory) after a quick reading of an Ayah or a Hadith. Not all commands in the legislative sources are Fard or Haram. The rules, which are used to differentiate the types of Hukm Shar‟i, are again related to Usul al-Fiqh.

实际上，伊斯兰教法的裁定（Hukm Shar‟i）大体可以从五个方面来理解。

In reality, the Hukm Shar‟i can be understood in five general ways.

如果要求做某事的命令是确定的（Talab Jazim），那么它就是Fard或Wajib；二者含义相同。遵从Fard的人将获得回报，而违背它的人将受到惩罚。

If the request to do an action is decisive (Talab Jazim) then it is a Fard or Wajib; both have the same meaning. A person who complies with a Fard will be rewarded, while one who disobeys will be punished.

示例:履行并建立礼拜、缴纳天课、参加圣战、接受伊斯兰教法的统治、穆斯林女性戴希贾布等。

Example: Performing and establishing Salah, paying Zakah, participating in the Jihad, being ruled by Islam, Muslim women wearing Hijab etc.

如果某项指令与禁止某一行为的明确命令相关，那么该行为即为哈拉姆（Haram），亦称马赫祖尔（Mahdhur）。若有人犯了哈拉姆，他将受到惩罚；而若他避免了哈拉姆行为，则会获得回报。

If the instruction is connected with a decisive command of refraining from an action then it is Haram or Mahdhur. If the Haram is committed, then the person will be punished, but if the Haram action is avoided, the person will be rewarded.

例如：处理利息（Riba）、赌博、宣扬民族主义或民主等。

Example: dealing with Riba, gambling, promoting nationalism or democracy, etc.

如果要求做某件事的指令不够坚定,那么它被视为“曼都布”(Mandub,即推荐性行为)。做这件事的人会受到赞扬并获得回报;但不做的人既不受谴责,也不会受到惩罚。

If the instruction to do an action is not firm, then it is considered Mandub. The one who performs it is praised and rewarded; however, the one who did not perform it is neither blamed nor punished.

探望病人、施舍穷人、周一和周四斋戒。

Example: Attending to the sick, giving alms to the poor, fasting Mondays and Thursdays.

如果禁止做某事的命令不够明确，那么这种行为被视为“Makruh”（厌恶之事）。戒除该行为的人会受到赞赏并获得回报，而做了该行为的人既不会受到惩罚，也不会受到谴责。

If the instruction of refraining from an action is not firm, then it is considered Makruh. The one who abstains is praised and rewarded while the one who does it is neither punished nor blamed.

例如：在晨礼（Fajr）与日出之间礼拜、去清真寺礼拜前吃大蒜、在路上乱丢垃圾等。

Example: performing Salah between Fajr Salah and sunrise, eating galic before going to the masjid for Salah, dropping litter on the road etc.

如果做与不做某一行为的选择权留给了人自己，那么该行为被称为“Mubah”（允许）。对于属于此类别的行为，人既不会因此获得奖赏，也不会因此受到惩罚。

If the choice to do or not to do an action is left up to the person, then the action is called Mubah. One will neither be rewarded nor punished for an action falling under this category.

例如：食用羊肉或鸡肉、娶至多四位妻子、驾驶汽车等。

Example: Eating lamb or chicken, marrying up to four wives, driving a car etc.

某些哈昆沙尔仲（Hukm Shar‟i，法律判断）类别又细分为子类。例如，法定义务（Fard）分为个人义务（Fard al Ayn）和集体义务（Fard al Kifaya）。个人义务是每位穆斯林都必须履行的，例如每日五次拜功、斋戒莱麦丹月、履行对丈夫或妻子的责任。集体义务则是整个乌玛都有责任履行，直到乌玛中有一部分人完成该义务为止，例如为已故穆斯林办理丧葬。如果乌玛中有一部分人完成了这项任务，其余穆斯林的责任即可解除。其他类型的哈昆沙尔仲也有进一步的细分。

Some of the Hukm Shar‟i such as Fard are divided into sub-categories. For example, Fard is divided into Fard al Ayn and Fard al Kifaya. Fard al Ayn is obligatory on every Muslim, such as praying five times a day; fasting Ramadhan, fulfilling duties to husband/wife whereas, Fard al Kifaya is obligatory on the whole Ummah until part of the Ummah fulfils the Fard, such as the burial of a deceased Muslim. If a portion of the Ummah fulfilled this task, then this relieves the duty from the rest of the Muslims. Some of the other types of Hukm Shar‟i are also further sub-divided.