Bibliografiya

QISQARTMALAR EI2 Islom ensiklopediyasi, Ikkinchi nashr. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. tahriri ostida.

ABBREVIATIONS EI2 Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E.

van Donzel va W. P. Heinrichs. Leiden: Brill Online, 2012.

van Donzel, and W. P. Heinrichs. Leiden: Brill Online, 2012.

http://www.brill.com/publications/online-resources/encyclopaedia-islam-online.

EI3 Encyclopaedia of Islam, Third Edition. Muharrirlar: Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas va Everett Rowson. Leiden: Brill Online, 2014. http://www.brill.com/publications/onlineresources/ encyclopaedia-islam-online.

EI3 Encyclopaedia of Islam, Third Edition. Edited by Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, and Everett Rowson. Leiden: Brill Online, 2014. http://www.brill.com/publications/onlineresources/ encyclopaedia-islam-online.

Abu l-Arab Muhammad ibn Ahmad at-Tamimiy. Kitob al-Mihan. Tahrirchi: Yahyo Vahib al-JubUriy.

Abū l-ʿArab Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Tamīmī. Kitāb al-Miḥan. Edited by Yaḥyā Wahīb al-Jubūrī.

Bayrut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmiy, 1403/1983.

Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1403/1983.

Abu Nuaym al-Isfahoniy. Hilyat al-avliyo. Qohira: al-Xonji, 1932–38. Qayta nashr, Bayrut: al-Maktabah al-Ilmiyyah, sana ko'rsatilmagan.

Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī. Ḥilyat al-awliyāʾ. Cairo: al-Khānjī, 1932–38. Reprint, Beirut: al-Maktabah al- ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.

Abu Zahra, Nadia. "Zino va fisq." McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.

Abu Zahra, Nadia. “Adultery and Fornication.” In McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.

Adang, Camilla. "Belief and Unbelief." In McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.

Adang, Camilla. “Belief and Unbelief.” In McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.

Ahsan, M. M. Abbosiylar davridagi ijtimoiy hayot. Nyu-York: Longman, 1979.

Ahsan, M. M. Social Life under the Abbasids. New York: Longman, 1979.

Anvarī, Ḥasan. Farhang-e bozorg-e sokhan. 8 jild. Tehron: Intishorot-e Sukhan, 1381/2002–3.

Anvarī, Ḥasan. Farhang-e bozorg-e sokhan. 8 vols. Tehran: Intishārāt-e Sokhan, 1381/2002–3.

Ashtor, E. "Mawāzīn." In EI2.

Ashtor, E. “Mawāzīn.” In EI2.

al-ʿAsqalānī. Qarang: Ibn Ḥajar.

ʿAsqalānī, al-. See Ibn Ḥajar.

Baer, E. "Dawāt." EI2 da.

Baer, E. “Dawāt.” In EI2.

[Bag'dodiy], Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Karim al-. Bag'dod oshpazlik kitobi.

[Baghdādī], Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Karīm al-. A Baghdad Cookery Book.

Charles Perry tomonidan tarjima qilingan. Totnes. Buyuk Britaniya: Prospect Books, 2005.

Translated by Charles Perry. Totnes. UK: Prospect Books, 2005.

Ballian, Anna. "Country Estates, Material Culture, and the Celebration of Princely Life: Islamic Art and the Secular Domain." In Evans with Ratliff, Byzantium and Islam, 200–8.

Ballian, Anna. “Country Estates, Material Culture, and the Celebration of Princely Life: Islamic Art and the Secular Domain.” In Evans with Ratliff, Byzantium and Islam, 200–8.

Bencheikh, Omar. "Nifṭawayh." In EI2.

Bencheikh, Omar. “Nifṭawayh.” In EI2.

Bernards, Monique va John Nawas, tahrir qilgan. Patronate and Patronage in Early and Classical Islam.

Bernards, Monique, and John Nawas, eds. Patronate and Patronage in Early and Classical Islam.

Leiden: Brill, 2005.

Björkman, W. "Kāfir." In EI2.

Björkman, W. “Kāfir.” In EI2.

Böwering, G. "Xudo va Uning sifatlari." McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān ichida.

Böwering, G. “God and His Attributes.” In McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.

Bukhārī, Muḥammad al-. Al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ. 9 jild. Bulоq: al-Amīriyya, 1311/1893–94.

Bukhārī, Muḥammad al-. Al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥiḥ. 9 vols. Būlāq: al-Amīriyyah, 1311/1893–94.

Bulliet, Richard. "Konversiyaga asoslangan homiylik." Bernards va Navas, "Homiylik va homiylik qilish", 246–62.

Bulliet, Richard. “Conversion-Based Patronage.” In Bernards and Nawas, Patronate and Patronage, 246–62.

Burton, J. "Muḥṣan." In EI2.

Burton, J. “Muḥṣan.” In EI2.

Chabbi, Jacqueline. "Zamzam." In EI2.

Chabbi, Jacqueline. “Zamzam.” In EI2.

Clarity, Beverly E., Karl Stowasser, Ronald G. Wolfe, D. R. Woodhead, and Wayne Beene. A Dictionary of Iraqi Arabic. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2003.

Colburn, Kathrin. "Misr'dan topilgan Kech antik va ilk islom davri to'qimachilik buyumlarining materiallari va texnikalari." Evans with Ratliff, Byzantium and Islam ichida, 161–71.

Colburn, Kathrin. “Materials and Techniques of Late Antique and Early Islamic Textiles Found in Egypt.” In Evans with Ratliff, Byzantium and Islam, 161–71.

Кук, Майкл. Ислом тафаккурида яхшиликка буюриш ва ёмонликдан қайтариш. Кембридж: Кембридж университети нашриёти, 2000.

Cook, Michael. Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

———. “Islomning dastlabki davrida hadis yozilishiga qarshi chiqqanlar.” Arabica 44:4 (October 1997):

———. “The Opponents of the Writing of Tradition in Early Islam.” Arabica 44:4 (October 1997):

437–530.

———. “Kalām taʼrixi.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 43, no. 1 (1980):

———. “The Origins of Kalām.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 43, no. 1 (1980):

32–43.

Cooperson, Michael. Klassik arab biografiyasi: Ma'mun davridagi Payg'ambarning vorislari.

Cooperson, Michael. Classical Arabic Biography: The Heirs of the Prophet in the Age of al-Ma’mūn.

Kembrij: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

———. «Ibn Ḥanbal va Bishr al-Ḥāfiy: biografik an'analar bo'yicha tadqiqot». Studia Islamica 86

———. “Ibn Ḥanbal and Bishr al-Ḥāfī: A Case Study in Biographical Traditions.” Studia Islamica 86

(1997): 71–101.

———. “Al-Johiz, baxillar va proto-sunniy zohidlar.” Al-Johiz: Bizning zamonamiz uchun musulmon gumanisti, tahrir qildilar: Arnim Haynemann, Jon L. Meloy, Tarif Xolidi va Manfred Kropp, 197–219.

———. “Al-Jāḥiẓ, the Misers, and the Proto-Sunnī Ascetics.” In Al-Jāḥiẓ: A Muslim Humanist for Our Time, edited by Arnim Heinemann, John L. Meloy, Tarif Khalidi, and Manfred Kropp, 197–219.

Beyrutdagi matnlar va tadqiqotlar, 119-son. Beyrut: Orient-Institut, 2009.

Beiruter Texte und Studien 119. Beirut: Orient-Institut, 2009.

———. Al-Ma’mun. Oxford: Oneworld, 2005.

———. “Probability, Plausibility, and ‘Spiritual Communication’ in Classical Arabic Biography.” On Fiction and Adab in Medieval Arabic Literature tahrir qilgan Philip F. Kennedy, 69–83-betlar. Wiesbaden:

———. “Probability, Plausibility, and ‘Spiritual Communication’ in Classical Arabic Biography.” In On Fiction and Adab in Medieval Arabic Literature, edited by Philip F. Kennedy, 69–83. Wiesbaden:

Harrassowitz, 2005.

Harrasowitz, 2005.

———. “Ikki Abbosiy sinov: Ahmad ibn Hanbal va Hunayn ibn Ishoq.” Al-Qantara. Revista de estudios árabes 22, no. 2 (2001): 375–93.

———. “Two Abbasid Trials: Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal and Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq.” Al-Qantara. Revista de estudios árabes 22, no. 2 (2001): 375–93.

Crone, Patricia. God's Rule: Government and Islam. Nyu-York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

Crone, Patricia. God’s Rule: Government and Islam. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

———. The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: Rural Revolt and Local Zoroastrianism. Cambridge:

Kembrij universiteti nashriyoti, 2012.

Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Crone, Patricia va Martin Hinds. Xudoning xalifasi: Islomning dastlabki asrlarida diniy hokimiyat.

Crone, Patricia, and Martin Hinds. God’s Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam.

Kembrij: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Krone, Patricia va Shmuel Moreh. "The Book of Strangers: Medieval Arabic Graffiti on the Theme of Nostalgia". Prinston: Markus Wiener, 2000.

Crone, Patricia, and Shmuel Moreh. The Book of Strangers: Medieval Arabic Graffiti on the Theme of Nostalgia. Princeton: Markus Wiener, 2000.

De Gifis, Vanessa. Qur'oniy dunyoqarashni shakllantirish: Muqaddas matnni talqin qilish va al-Ma'mun xalifaligida axloqiy islohot ritorikasi. Nyu-York: Routledge, 2014.

De Gifis, Vanessa. Shaping a Qurʾanic Worldview: Scriptural Hermenutics and the Rhetoric of Moral Reform in the Caliphate of al-Maʾmūn. New York: Routledge, 2014.

Dekhodā, ʿAlī Akbar. Lughatnāmeh-ye Fārsī. Tehran: University of Tehran, 1982. Online at http://www.loghatnaameh.org/.

Zahabiy, Shams al-Dīn. Mīzon al-i'tidol. Tahrirchi: Alī Muhammad al-Bijāvī. 4 jild. Qohira: al-Bobiy al-Halabiy, 1963.

Dhahabi, Shams al-Dīn. Mīzān al-iʿtidāl. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Bījāwī. 4 vols. Cairo: al-Bābī l- Ḥalabī, 1963.

———. Al-Mushtabih fī asmāʾ al-rijāl. P. de Jong tahriri ostida. Leyden: Brill, 1863.

———. Al-Mushtabih fī asmāʾ al-rijāl. Edited by P. de Jong. Leiden: Brill, 1863.

———. Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ. 25 jild. Beyrut: Muassasat al-Risala, 1403/1983.

———. Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ. 25 vols. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1403/1983.

Donner, Frederick M. "Maymūn b. Mihrān, Abū Ayyūb." In EI2.

Donner, Frederick M. “Maymūn b. Mihrān, Abū Ayyūb.” In EI2.

The user's message is in French, not English, and it's a bibliographic citation. The system prompt says to translate the user's text into Uzbek, so I translate it. Dozy, Reinhart. Arab kiyimlari nomlarining batafsil lug'ati. Amsterdam: Jean Müller, 1845. https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedta00iiigoog.

Dozy, Reinhart. Dictionnaire détaillé des noms de vêtements chez les Arabes. Amsterdam: Jean Müller, 1845. https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedta00iiigoog.

Eger, A. Asa. The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier. London: I. B. Tauris, 2015.

El Omari: qarang Omari.

El Omari: see Omari.

[Encyclopaedia Judaica.] “Lamed Vav Ẓaddikim.” In Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., edited by Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik, 12:445–46. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007.

Evans, Helen C., tahrir muharriri, Brandie Ratliff bilan birgalikda. Vizantiya va Islom: O'tish davri, VII–IX asrlar.

Evans, Helen C., ed., with Brandie Ratliff. Byzantium and Islam: Age of Transition, 7th–9th Century.

New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2012.

Fīrūzābādī, al-. Al-Qāmūs al-muḥīṭ. Qohira: Dar al-Ma'mun, 1938. http://www.baheth.info/.

Fīrūzābādī, al-. Al-Qāmūs al-muḥīṭ. Cairo: Dar al-Maʾmūn, 1938. http://www.baheth.info/.

Fluck, Cäcilia. "Bitilgan to'qimalar." Evans with Ratliff, Byzantium and Islam, 183–85 ichida.

Fluck, Cäcilia. “Inscribed Textiles.” In Evans with Ratliff, Byzantium and Islam, 183–85.

Gacek, Adam. Arabic Manuscripts: A Vademecum for Readers. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

Goitein, Shelomo Dov. A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza. 6 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967–93.

Goldziher, I. "Awtād." In EI2.

Goldziher, I. “Awtād.” In EI2.

Goldziher, I., va H. J. Kissling. "Abdāl." EI2 da.

Goldziher, I., and H. J. Kissling. “Abdāl.” In EI2.

Grabar, Oleg. The Illustrations of the Maqamat. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

Günther, Sebastian. “Ummī.” McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān ichida.

Günther, Sebastian. “Ummī.” In McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.

Guthrie, Shirley. Arab Social Life in the Middle Ages: An Illustrated Study. London: Saqi, 1995.

Halm, H. "Al-Qushayrī." In EI2.

Halm, H. “Al-Qushayrī.” In EI2.

Ḥanbal ibn Isḥāq ibn Ḥanbal. Dhikr miḥnat al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Muḥammad Naghsh tahriri ostida. Qohira: Nashr al-Thaqāfah, 1398/1977.

Ḥanbal ibn Isḥāq ibn Ḥanbal. Dhikr miḥnat al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Edited by Muḥammad Naghsh. Cairo: Nashr al-Thaqāfah, 1398/1977.

Heller, B. "Lazarus." In EI2.

Heller, B. “Lazarus.” In EI2.

Hill, D. R. "Māʾ, 3. Hydraulic Machines." In EI2.

Hill, D. R. “Māʾ, 3. Hydraulic Machines.” In EI2.

———. “Naʿūra.” In EI2.

Hinds, Martin. "Miḥna." EI2.

Hinds, Martin. “Miḥna.” In EI2.

Hinz, W. "Dhirāʿ." In EI2.

Hinz, W. “Dhirāʿ.” In EI2.

Honigmann, Ernst. Vizantiya imperiyasining sharqiy chegarasi, 363-1071. Bryussel: Institut de philologie et d'histoire orientales, 1935.

Honigmann, Ernst. Die Ostgrenze des Byzaninischen Reiches von 363 bis 1071. Brussels: Institut de philologie et d’histoire orientales, 1935.

Hurvitz, Nimrod. The Formation of Hanbalism: Piety into Power. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002.

Ibn Abī Yaʿlā l-Farrāʾ. Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābilah. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Sulaymān al-ʿUthaymīn tahriri asosida.

Ibn Abī Yaʿlā l-Farrāʾ. Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābilah. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Sulaymān al-ʿUthaymīn.

3 jild. Riyod: al-Amānah al-ʿĀmmah li-l-Iḥtifāl bi-Murūr Miʾat ʿĀm, 1419/1999.

3 vols. Riyad: al-Amānah al-ʿĀmmah li-l-Iḥtifāl bi-Murūr Miʾat ʿĀm, 1419/1999.

https://archive.org/details/Tabaqat_Hanabila.

Ibn al-Athīr, ʿIzz al-Dīn. Usd al-ghābah fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥābah. 2-nashr. ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ va ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd tahriri ostida. Bayrut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1424/2003.

Ibn al-Athīr, ʿIzz al-Dīn. Usd al-ghābah fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥābah. 2nd ed. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ and ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1424/2003.

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalaniy. Fath al-bari bi-sharh Sahih al-Bukhariy. Tahrirchilar: Muhammad Fuad Abd al-Bokiy, Muhibb al-Din al-Xatib va Qusay Muhibb al-Din al-Xatib. 13 jild. N.p: Dor ar-Rayyan, 1407/1986. http://islamweb.net.

Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī. Fatḥ al-bārī bi-sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al- Bāqī, Muḥibb al-Dīn al-Khaṭīb, and Quṣayy Muḥibb al-Dīn al-Khaṭīb. 13 vols. N.p: Dār al-Rayyān, 1407/1986. http://islamweb.net.

———. Tabṣīr al-muntabih bi-taḥrīr al-Mushtabih. ʿAlī Aḥmad al-Bajāwī va Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Najjār tahriri ostida. Bayrut: al-Maktabah al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1964.

———. Tabṣīr al-muntabih bi-taḥrīr al-Mushtabih . Edited by ʿAlī Aḥmad al-Bajāwī and Muḥammad ʿAlī l-Najjār. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1964.

http://www.archive.org/details/TabsirAlmuntabih.

———. Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb. Ibrohim az-Zaybaq va Odil Murshid tahriri ostida. 4 jild. Beyrut:

———. Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb. Edited by Ibrāhīm al-Zaybaq and ʿĀdil Murshid. 4 vols. Beirut:

Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1416/1995.

Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad. Al-Jāmiʿ fī l-ʿilāl wa-maʿrifat al-rijāl. Tahrir qildi: Muḥammad Ḥusom Bayḍun.

Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad. Al-Jāmiʿ fī l-ʿilāl wa-maʿrifat al-rijāl. Edited by Muḥammad Ḥuṣām Bayḍūn.

Beirut: Muassasat al-Kutub al-Thaqafiyyah, 1410/1990.

Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Kutub al-Thaqāfiyyah, 1410/1990.

———. Kitāb al-Waraʿ. Zaynab Ibrohim al-Qorut tahriri ostida. Bayrut: al-ʿĀlamiyya, 1403/1983.

———. Kitāb al-Waraʿ. Edited by Zaynab Ibrāhīm al-Qārūṭ. Beirut: al-ʿĀlamiyyah, 1403/1983.

———. Kitāb al-Zuhd. Muhammad Jalol Sharaf tahriri ostida. Bayrut: Dor an-Nahda, 1981.

———. Kitāb al-Zuhd. Edited by Muḥammad Jalāl Sharaf. Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍah, 1981.

——— [attr.]. Al-Radd ʿalā l-zanādiqah wa-l-jahmiyyah . Qohira: al-Salafiyya, 1393/1973–74.

——— [attr.]. Al-Radd ʿalā l-zanādiqah wa-l-jahmiyyah . Cairo: al-Salafiyyah, 1393/1973–74.

Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAlī. Kitāb al-Quṣṣāṣ wa-l-mudhakkirīn. Merlin L. Swartz tahriri ostida. Bayrut: Dār al-Mashriq, 1971.

Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAlī. Kitāb al-Quṣṣāṣ wa-l-mudhakkirīn . Edited by Merlin L. Swartz. Beirut: Dār al-Mashriq, 1971.

———. Manāqib al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Muhammad Amin al-Xonjiy al-Kutubiy tahriri ostida. Qohira:

———. Manāqib al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Edited by Muḥammad Amīn al-Khānjī l-Kutubī. Cairo:

Maktabat al-Khānjī, 1349/1931–32.

———. Manoqib al-Imom Ahmad ibn Hanbal. ʿAbdulloh ibn ʿAbdulmuhsin at-Turkiy tahriri ostida. 2-nashr, tahrirlangan. Giza: Hajr, 1988. Birinchi marta 1399/1979 yilda Qohiradagi Maktabat al-Xonji tomonidan nashr etilgan.

———. Manāqib al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muḥsin al-Turkī. 2 nd rev. ed. Giza: Hajr, 1988. First published in 1399/1979 by Maktabat al-Khānjī in Cairo.

———. Ibn al-Jawziy kitobi Akhbar as-Sifat: O'rta asrlarda antropomorfizmga tanqid. Arabcha matnning tanqidiy nashri, tarjimasi, kirish va izohlar bilan. Tahrir va tarjima qiluvchi Merlin Swartz. Leyden: Brill, 2002.

———. A Medieval Critique of Anthropomorphism: Ibn al-Jawzi’s Kitab Akhbar as-Sifat: A Critical Edition of the Arabic Text with Translation, Introduction and Notes. Edited and translated by Merlin Swartz. Leiden: Brill, 2002.

Ibn Manẓūr. Lisān al-ʿarab. ʿAbdulloh ʿAlī al-Kabīr, Muhammad Ahmad Hasabulloh va Hoshim Muhammad al-Shoziliy tahriri ostida. Qohira: Dor al-Maʿorif, 1981. http://www.baheth.info/.

Ibn Manẓūr. Lisān al-ʿarab. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh ʿAlī al-Kabīr, Muḥammad Aḥmad Ḥasab Allāh, and Ḥāshim Muḥammad al-Shādhilī. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1981. http://www.baheth.info/.

Ibn al-Murtaḍā, Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā. Kitāb Ṭabaqāt al-muʿtazilah. Die Klassen der muʿtaziliten. Tahrirchi: Susanna Diwald-Wilzer. Visbaden va Berlin: Franz Steiner, 1961.

Ibn al-Murtaḍā, Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā. Kitāb Ṭabaqāt al-muʿtazilah. Die Klassen der muʿtaziliten. Edited by Susanna Diwald-Wilzer. Wiesbaden and Berlin: Franz Steiner, 1961.

Ibn Qutaybah. Adab al-kātib. Muhammad al-Dālī tahriri ostida. Beyrut: Mu'assasat al-Risalah, 1402/1982.

Ibn Qutaybah. Adab al-kātib. Edited by Muḥammad al-Dālī. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1402/1982.

Inalcık, H. "Quṭn" (2). EI2 da.

Inalcık, H. “Quṭn” (2). In EI2.

Iṣfahānī, Abū l-Faraj al-. Kitāb al-Aghanī. Ibrohim al-Ibyoriy tahriri ostida. 33 jild. Qohira: Dor ash-Sha'b, 1969–1982.

Iṣfahānī, Abū l-Faraj al-. Kitāb al-Aghanī. Edited by Ibrāhīm al-Ibyārī. 33 vols. Cairo: Dār al-Shaʿb, 1969–82.

Iqbal, Muzaffar. Review of Virtues of the Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Islamic Sciences 13 (2015): 43–44.

Isfahoniy, Abu Nu'aym al-: qarang Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahoniy.

Iṣfahānī, Abū Nuʿaym al-: see Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī.

Jadʿān, Fahmī. Al-Miḥnah: Baḥth fī jadaliyyat al-dīnī wa-l-siyāsī fī l-Islām. Amman: Dār al-Shurūq, 1989.

Jadʿān, Fahmī. Al-Miḥnah: Baḥth fī jadaliyyat al-dīnī wa-l-siyāsī fī l-Islām . Amman: Dār al-Shurūq, 1989.

Jāḥiẓ, al-. The Book of Misers. Translated by R. B. Serjeant. Reading: Garnet, 1997. Note: The text provided is a bibliographic citation in English and contains no Islamic content requiring honorifics. Below is the translation into Uzbek: Johiz, al-. Baxillar kitobi. R. B. Serjeant tarjimasi. Reading: Garnet, 1997.

Jāḥiẓ, al-. The Book of Misers. Translated by R. B. Serjeant. Reading: Garnet, 1997.

———. Al-Bukhalā'. Taҳrir qildi: Ṭāhā l-Ḥājiri. Qohira: Dār al-Kitāb al-Miṣriy, 1948.

———. Al-Bukhalāʾ. Edited by Ṭāhā l-Ḥājiri. Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Miṣrī, 1948.

———. Rasāʾil. ʿAbd al-Salām Hārūn tahriri ostida. 4 jild. Bayrut: Dār al-Jīl, 1411/1991.

———. Rasāʾil. Edited by ʿAbd al-Salām Hārūn. 4 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 1411/1991.

Jeffrey, A. "Āzār." In EI2.

Jeffrey, A. “Āzār.” In EI2.

Jomier, J. "Dikka." In EI2.

Jomier, J. “Dikka.” In EI2.

Juynboll, J. H. A. "Shuʿba b. al-Ḥadjdjādj." In EI2.

Juynboll, J. H. A. “Shuʿba b. al-Ḥadjdjādj.” In EI2.

Katz, Marion H. “ʿAzīmah and Rukhṣah.” In EI3.

Keller, Nun Ha Mim. Qarang: Misriy, al-.

Keller, Nun Ha Mim. See Misri, al-.

Kennedy, Hugh N. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London:

Routledge, 2001.

Khatib al-Bag‘dodiy, al-. Tarixi Bag‘dod. Muhammad Mustafo Abdulqodir Ato tahriri ostida. 14 jild. Bayrut: Dor al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1417/1997.

Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, al-. Taʾrīkh Baghdād. Edited by Muṣṭafā ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ. 14 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1417/1997.

Kilito, Abdelfattah. The Author and His Doubles. Translated by Michael Cooperson. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2001.

Kinberg, Leah. "Paradise." In McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.

Kinberg, Leah. “Paradise.” In McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.

———. “Zuhd nima degani.” Studia Islamica 61 (1985): 27–44.

———. “What Is Meant by Zuhd.” Studia Islamica 61 (1985): 27–44.

Lane, Edward William, va Stanley Lane-Poole. An Arabic-English Lexicon. London: Williams and Norgate, 1863–93. http://ejtaal.net.

Lane, Edward William, and Stanley Lane-Poole. An Arabic-English Lexicon. London: Williams and Norgate, 1863–93. http://ejtaal.net.

Lange, Christian. "Kafforat." In EI3.

Lange, Christian. “Expiation.” In EI3.

Lapidus, I. M. “Davlat va din o‘rtasidagi ajralish erta islom jamiyatining rivojlanishida.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 6 (1975): 363–85.

Lapidus, I. M. “The Separation of State and Religion in the Development of Early Islamic Society.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 6 (1975): 363–85.

Lassner, J. "Nahr ʿĪsā." In EI2.

Lassner, J. “Nahr ʿĪsā.” In EI2.

Le Strange, Guy. Bag'dod Abbosiylar xalifaligi davrida. Oksford, 1900. Qayta nashr, Westport, CT:

Le Strange, Guy Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate. Oxford, 1900. Reprint, Westport, CT:

Greenwood Press, 1983.

Longrigg, S. H. "ʿĀna." In EI2.

Longrigg, S. H. “ʿĀna.” In EI2.

Lucas, Scott C. Constructive Critics, Hadith Literature, and the Articulation of Sunni Islam: The Legacy of the Generation of Ibn Saʿd, Ibn Maʿīn, and Ibn Ḥanbal. Leiden: Brill, 2004.

Madelung, Wilferd. "Mahdī." In EI2.

Madelung, Wilferd. “Mahdī.” In EI2.

———. "Bahs-munozaraning kelib chiqishi: Qur'on yaratilganligi masalasi." Islom o'rta asrlarida diniy maktablar va mazhablar, Wilferd Madelung tahriri ostida, 504–25-betlar. London: Ashgate, 1985.

———. “The Origins of the Controversy Concerning the Creation of the Qurʾān.” In Religious Schools and Sects in Medieval Islam, edited by Wilferd Madelung, 504–25. London: Ashgate, 1985.

Makdisi, George. The Rise of Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West. Edinburgh:

Edinburgh University Press, 1990.

Maqdisiy, Taqiyuddin. Imom Ahmad ibn Hanbalning mihnati. Tahrir qildi: Abdulloh at-Turkiy. Giza: Hajr, 1987.

Maqdisī, Taqī l-Dīn. Miḥnat al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh al-Turkī. Giza: Hajr, 1987.

Martin, Richard. "Qur'onning yaratilganligi." McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān ichida.

Martin, Richard. “Createdness of the Qurʾān.” In McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.

Maṭlūb, Aḥmad. Muʿjam al-malābis fī lisān al-ʿarab. Beirut: Maktabat Lubnān, 1995.

McAuliffe, Jane Dammen, tahrir. Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. Leiden: Brill Online, 2012.

McAuliffe, Jane Dammen, ed. Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. Leiden: Brill Online, 2012.

http://www.brill.com/publications/online-resources/encyclopaedia-quran-online.

Melchert, Christopher. “Ahmad ibn Hanbal ro‘parchilari.” Arabica 44 (1997): 234–53.

Melchert, Christopher. “The Adversaries of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal.” Arabica 44 (1997): 234–53.

———. Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Musulmon dunyosi arboblari. Oxford: Oneworld, 2006.

———. Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Makers of the Muslim World. Oxford: Oneworld, 2006.

———. “Ahmad ibn Hanbal and the Qur’an.” Journal of Qur’anic Studies 6, no. 2 (2004): 22–34.

———. “Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal’s Book of Renunciation.” Der Islam 85 (2008): 345–59.

———. “Early Renunciants as Hadith Transmitters.” Muslim World 92 (2002): 407–18.

———. “Exaggerated Fear in the Early Islamic Renunciant Tradition.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 3, no. 21 (2011): 283–300.

———. The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th–10th Centuries C.E. Leiden: Brill, 1997.

———. “Hanbaliylar va dastlabki sufiylar.” Arabica 48 (2001): 352–67.

———. “The Ḥanābila and the Early Sufis.” Arabica 48 (2001): 352–67.

———. “Hasan al-Basri, al-.” Dictionary of Literary Biography 311: Arabic Literary Culture, 500–925 jurnali, Michael Cooperson va Shawkat M. Toorawa tahriri ostida, 121–27-betlar. Detroyt: Thomson Gale, 2005.

———. “Hasan al-Basri, al-.” In Dictionary of Literary Biography 311: Arabic Literary Culture, 500– 925, edited by Michael Cooperson and Shawkat M. Toorawa, 121–27. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2005.

———. “Ahmad ibn Hanbal Musnadi: U qanday tuzilgan va u Olti kitobdan nimasi bilan farq qiladi.” Der Islam 82 (2005): 32–51.

———. “The Musnad of Ahmad ibn Hanbal: How It Was Composed and What Distinguishes It from the Six Books.” Der Islam 82 (2005): 32–51.

———. "Hadis ahlining taqvosi." International Journal of Middle East Studies 34 (2002): 425– 39.

———. “The Piety of the Hadith Folk.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 34 (2002): 425– 39.

———. “Al-Mutawakkil’dan al-Muqtadirgacha bo‘lgan xalifalarning diniy siyosati, h. 232–295/m. 847–908.” Islamic Law and Society 3, no. 3 (1996): 316–42.

———. “Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir, AH 232–295/AD 847– 908.” Islamic Law and Society 3, no. 3 (1996): 316–42.

———. Imom Ahmad ibn Hanbal fazilatlari, I-jild haqida sharh. Islomiy tadqiqotlar jurnali (2014)

———. Review of Virtues of the Imām Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal, Vol. I. Journal of Islamic Studies (2014)

344–55.

Mietke, Gabriele. "Vine Rinceaux." In Evans with Ratliff, Byzantium and Islam, 175–82.

Mietke, Gabriele. “Vine Rinceaux.” In Evans with Ratliff, Byzantium and Islam, 175–82.

Minorsky, V. "Ṣaḥna." In EI2.

Minorsky, V. “Ṣaḥna.” In EI2.

Misri, Ahmad ibn Naqib al-. Reliance of the Traveler. Edited and translated by Nun Ha Mim Keller.

Beltsville, MD: Amana, 1999.

Monnot, G. "Ṣalāt." In EI2.

Monnot, G. “Ṣalāt.” In EI2.

Mourad, Sulaiman Ali. Erta Islom: afsona bilan tarix orasida. Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī (vaf. 110H/728M) va uning merosining klassik islom ilmida shakllanishi. Leiden: Brill, 2005.

Mourad, Sulaiman Ali. Early Islam between Myth and History: Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī (d. 110H/728CE) and the Formation of His Legacy in Classical Islamic Scholarship. Leiden: Brill, 2005.

Mubārakfūrī, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahmān al-. Al-Ahvazi bi-sharh Jome al-Tirmizi. Bayrut: al-Ilmiyya, 1418/1997. http://islamweb.net.

Mubārakfūrī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-. Al-Aḥwadhī bi-sharḥ Jāmiʿ al-Tirmidhī . Beirut: al- ʿIlmiyyah, 1418/1997. http://islamweb.net.

Nagel, T. "Qurro'." In EI2.

Nagel, T. “Ḳurrāʾ.” In EI2.

———. Hidoyat va xalifalik. Islom tarixidagi asosiy masalaga oid tadqiqot. Islomdagi ozchilik muammosi bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar 2. Bonn: Bonn universiteti Sharqshunoslik seminarining nashri, 1975.

———. Rechtleitung und Kalifat. Versuch über eine Grundfrage der islamischen Geschichte. Studien zum Minderheitenproblem im Islam 2. Bonn: Selbstverlag des Orientalischen Seminars der Universität Bonn, 1975.

Nawas, John A. Al-Maʾmūn. Miḥna and Caliphate. Nijmegen, 1992.

———. “218 H./833 M. yildagi Mihna qayta ko‘rib chiqildi: empirik tadqiqot.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 116 (1996): 698–708.

———. “The Mihna of 218 A.H./833 A.D. Revisited: An Empirical Study.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 116 (1996): 698–708.

Northedge, Alistair. Samarra tarixiy topografiyasi. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 2005.

Northedge, Alistair. Historical Topography of Samarra. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 2005.

Omari, Racha El. "Beatific Vision." The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. John L. ediga muharrirlik qilgan.

Omari, Racha El. “Beatific Vision.” In The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, edited by John L.

Esposito, 1:331–32. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

———. “Kitāb al-Ḥayda: The Historical Significance of an Apocryphal Text.” In Islamic Philosophy, Science, Culture, and Religion: Studies in Honor of Dimitri Gutas, edited by Felicitas Opwis and David C. Reisman, 419–51. Leiden: Brill, 2012.

Patton, Walter M. Ahmad ibn Hanbal va Mihna. Leyden: Brill, 1897.

Patton, Walter M. Aḥmed Ibn Ḥanbal and the Miḥna. Leiden: Brill, 1897.

Pellat, C. "Al-Masḥ ʿAlā l-Khuffayn." In EI2.

Pellat, C. “Al-Masḥ ʿAlā l-Khuffayn.” In EI2.

Perkins, Tasi. "Hagiografiya va Hanbaliylik." Marginalia, 2015-yil 18-avgust.

Perkins, Tasi. “Hagiography and Hanbalism.” Marginalia, August 18, 2015.

http://marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org/hagiography-and-hanbalism-by-tasi-perkins/ Perry, Charles. See Baghdādī, al-.

Pérès, H. "Al-Ramādī." In EI2.

Pérès, H. “Al-Ramādī.” In EI2.

Peters, R. "Zinā yoki Zināʾ." EI2 da.

Peters, R. “Zinā or Zināʾ.” In EI2.

Picken, Gavin. "Ibn Ḥanbal va al-Muḥāsibiy: Ilk davr ilmiy metodologiyalaridagi ziddiyatlarning tadqiqi." Arabica 55 (2008): 337–61.

Picken, Gavin. “Ibn Ḥanbal and al-Muḥāsibī: A Study of Early Conflicting Scholarly Methodologies.” Arabica 55 (2008): 337–61.

Qāḍī, Wadād al-. "Eng dastlabki Nābita va namunaviy Nawābit." Studia Islamica 78 (1993): 27–61.

Qāḍī, Wadād al-. “The Earliest Nābita and the Paradigmatic Nawābit.” Studia Islamica 78 (1993): 27– 61.

Qurtubiy, Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-. Al-Jome li-ahkom al-Qur'on. Tahrirchi: Abdulloh ibn Abdulmuhsin at-Turkiy. 24 jild. Bayrut: Mu'assasat ar-Risolah, 2006.

Qurṭubī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, al-. Al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muḥsin al-Turkī. 24 vols. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 2006.

http://www.archive.org.

Raddatz, H. P. "Sufyān al-Thawrī." In EI2.

Raddatz, H. P. “Sufyān al-Thawrī.” In EI2.

Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, al-. Muḥāḍarāt al-udabāʾ. Beirut: Dār Maktabat al-Ḥayāh, 1961.

Reinhart, A. K. "Shaʿr, 2: Legal Aspects Regarding Human Hair." In EI2.

Reinhart, A. K. “Shaʿr, 2: Legal Aspects Regarding Human Hair.” In EI2.

Rippin, A. "Al-Ṣiddīḳ." In EI2.

Rippin, A. “Al-Ṣiddīḳ.” In EI2.

Robinson, Neal. "Antichrist." McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an ichida.

Robinson, Neal. “Antichrist.” In McAufliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.

Rowson, Everett. "The Effeminates of Early Medina." Journal of the American Oriental Society 111, no.

Rowson, Everett. “The Effeminates of Early Medina.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 111, no.

4 (1991): 671–93.

Sadan, J. "Mafrūshāt." EI2 da.

Sadan, J. “Mafrūshāt.” In EI2.

Ṣāliḥ ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Sīrat al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Munʿim Aḥmad tahriri ostida. Iskandariya: Muʾassasat al-Jāmiʿah, 1401/1981.

Ṣāliḥ ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Sīrat al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Edited by Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Munʿim Aḥmad. Alexandria: Muʾassasat al-Jāmiʿah, 1401/1981.

Samʿānī, Abū Saʿd ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn Muḥammad. Al-Ansāb. ʿAbd Allāh ʿUmar al-Bārūdī tahriri ostida.

Samʿānī, Abū Saʿd ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn Muḥammad. Al-Ansāb. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh ʿUmar al-Bārūdī.

5 jild. Bayrut: al-Jinān, 1408/1988. http://www.archive.org.

5 vols. Beirut: al-Jinān, 1408/1988. http://www.archive.org.

Sarhan, Saud Al-. "Early Muslim Traditionalism: A Critical Study of the Works and Political Theology of Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal." PhD diss., University of Exeter, 2011.

Sarhan, Saud Al-. “Early Muslim Traditionalism: A Critical Study of the Works and Political Theology of Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal.” PhD diss., University of Exeter, 2011.

———. “‘Sabr yo‘qolishdan yaxshi’: Ahmad ibn Hanbalning siyosiy tafakkuri.” LIVIT (Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Early Islamic Thought) ikkinchi konferensiyasida taqdim etilgan maqola.

———. “‘Patience Is Better Than Sedition’: The Political Thought of Ahmad Ibn Hanbal.” Paper delivered at the second LIVIT (Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Early Islamic Thought)

konferensiya, Arab va Islom tadqiqotlari instituti, Ekseter universiteti, Buyuk Britaniya, 2011-yil 5–6-sentyabr.

conference, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter, UK, September 5–6, 2011.

Schacht, J. "Ibn Nudjaym." In EI2.

Schacht, J. “Ibn Nudjaym.” In EI2.

Shoeler, Gregor. Islomda og'zaki adabiyotning kelib chiqishi. Og'zakidan o'qilganga. Shavkat Turava bilan hamkorlikda va tarjimasi. Edinburg: Edinburg universiteti nashriyoti, 2009.

Schoeler, Gregor. The Genesis of Oral Literature in Islam. From the Oral to the Read. In collaboration with and translated by Shawkat Toorawa. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009.

Serjant: qarang: Johiz, al-.

Serjeant: see Jāḥiẓ, al-.

Sezgin, Fuat. Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. 12 vols. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1967–2010.

Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al-. The Epistle on Legal Theory. Edited and translated by Joseph E.

Lowry. New York University Press, 2013.

Shah, Mustafa. "Klassik islom an'anasida qurroning kelib chiqishini izlash." Journal of Qurʾanic Studies 7, no. 2 (2005): 1-35

Shah, Mustafa. “The Quest for the Origins of the Qurrāʾ in the Classical Islamic Tradition.” Journal of Qurʾanic Studies 7, no. 2 (2005): 1-35

Sizgorich, Thomas. Violence and Belief in Late Antiquity: Militant Devotion in Christianity and Islam.

Filadelfiya: Pensilvaniya universiteti nashriyoti, 2009.

Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.

Sourdel, Dominique. "Abbosiy xalifa al-Ma'mun diniy siyosati." Revue des études islamiques 20 (1962): 27–48.

Sourdel, Dominique. “La politique religieuse du caliph ʿabbaside al-Maʾmūn.” Revue des études islamiques 20 (1962): 27–48.

Sourdel-Thomine, J. "Ḥammām." In EI2.

Sourdel-Thomine, J. “Ḥammām.” In EI2.

Steingass, Francis Joseph. A Comprehensive Persian-English dictionary. London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1892.

Steppat, Fritz. “Ardashirning ahdidan to al-Ma'mungacha: Miḥna siyosatidagi bir fors unsuri.” Studia Arabica et Islamica ichida. Ihsan Abbosning oltmishinchi tug'ilgan kunига bag'ishlangan yubiley to'plami, tahrir qildi Vadad al-Qadi, 451–54-betlar. Bayrut: Amerika Bayrut universiteti, 1981.

Steppat, Fritz. “From ʿAhd Ardašīr to al-Maʾmūn: A Persian Element in the Policy of the Miḥna.” In Studia Arabica et Islamica. Festschrift for Iḥsān ʿAbbās on His Sixtieth Birthday, edited by Wadād al- Qāḍī, 451–54. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1981.

Stillman, Y. K. "Libās." In EI2.

Stillman, Y. K. “Libās.” In EI2.

Swartz, Merlin. Ibn al-Jawzi, a Study of His Life and Work as Preacher: Including a Critical Edition and Translation of His Kitāb al-Quṣṣāṣ wa ‘l-mudhakkirīn, with Introduction and Notes. Beirut: Institut de Lettres Orientales, 1971.

“A Ḥanbalī Critique of Anthropomorphism.” Proceedings of the Arabic and Islamic Sections of the 35th International Congress of Asian and North African Studies (ICANAS), Part Two, edited by A.

———. “A Ḥanbalī Critique of Anthropomorphism.” Proceedings of the Arabic and Islamic Sections of the 35th International Congress of Asian and North African Studies (ICANAS), Part Two, edited by A.

Fodor, 27–36. Budapest: Csoma de Kőrös Society, 1999.

Ṭabarī, al-. Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk. M.J. de Goeje tahriri ostida. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1879–1901. Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm tahriri ostida. 10 jild. Qohira: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1979. Izohlardagi havolalarda avval Qohira nashridagi sahifa raqamlari, so‘ngra Leiden nashridagi sahifa raqamlari ko‘rsatilgan, ular qiya chiziq (/) bilan ajratilgan.

Ṭabarī, al-. Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk. Edited by M.J. de Goeje. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1879–1901. Edited by Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. 10 vols. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1979. References in the notes give the page numbers in the Cairo edition, then the Leiden, separated by a slash.

Tillier, Mathieu. Iroq qozilari va Abbosiylar davlati (132/750–334/945). Damashq: Yaqin Sharq Frantsuz instituti, 2009.

Tillier, Mathieu. Les cadis d’Iraq et l’État abbasside (132/750-334/945). Damascus: Institut français du Proche-Orient, 2009.

Tirmidhiy, Abu Iso Muhammad at-. Sunan. 2-nashr. Tahrir qilgan: Ahmad Muhammad Shokir. Qohira:

Tirmidhī, Abū ʿĪsā Muḥammad al-. Sunan. 2nd ed. Edited by Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir. Cairo:

Muṣṭafā l-Bābī l-Ḥalabī, 1398/1978. https://archive.org/details/thermidiosun.

Toorawa, Shawkat M. "Namoz." *Islomni o'rganish uchun asosiy mavzular* kitobidan, Jamal J. Elias tahriri ostida, 263–80-betlar.

Toorawa, Shawkat M. “Prayer.” In Key Themes for the Study of Islam, edited by Jamal J. Elias, 263–80.

Oksford: Oneworld, 2010.

Oxford: Oneworld, 2010.

Turkī, al-. Qarang: Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān.

Turkī, al-. See Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān.

Turner, John P. "Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād." In EI3.

Turner, John P. “Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād.” In EI3.

———. Erta islomdagi tafsh (inkvizitsiya): Abbosiylar imperiyasida siyosiy va diniy hokimiyat uchun kurash. London: I.B. Tauris, 2013.

———. Inquisition in Early Islam: The Competition for Political and Religious Authority in the Abbasid Empire. London: I.B. Tauris, 2013.

Tyan, E. "ʿAdl." In EI2.

Tyan, E. “ʿAdl.” In EI2.

van Ess, Josef. Theologie und Gesellschaft im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert Hidschra: Eine Geschichte des religiösen Denkens im frühen Islam. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1991–97. Note: The input is a bibliographic citation in German, not English. Translating it into Uzbek as instructed: van Ess, Josef. Hijriy 2-3-asrlarda ilohiyot va jamiyat: Ilk islomda diniy tafakkur tarixi. Berlin va Nyu-York: Walter de Gruyter, 1991–97.

van Ess, Josef. Theologie und Gesellschaft im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert Hidschra: Eine Geschichte des religiösen Denkens im frühen Islam. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1991–97.

Waines, David. "Daraxt(lar)." McAuliffe, *Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān* ichida.

Waines, David. “Tree(s).” In McAuliffe, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.

Wensinck, A. J. “Ḥawḍ.” In EI2.

———. “Al-Khaḍir (Al-Khiḍr).” In EI2.

Uilyams, Uesli. "Imom Ahmad ibn Hanbal aqidasining jihatlari: Ilk islom munozarasida antropomorfizm masalasini o'rganish." International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 34 (2002): 441–63.

Williams, Wesley. “Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse.” International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 34 (2002): 441–63.

Winkelmann-Liebert, Holger. "Al-Mu'tasim xalifaligida miḥna." Der Islam 80, 1-son (2003):

Winkelmann-Liebert, Holger. “Die miḥna im Kalifat des al-Muʿtaṣim.” Der Islam 80, no. 1 (2003):

224–83.

Yaʿqūbī, al-. Taʾrīkh. . M. Th. Houtsma tahriri ostida. 2 jild. Leiden: Brill, 1883.

Yaʿqūbī, al-. Taʾrīkh. . Edited by M. Th. Houtsma. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1883.

Yoqut al-Hamaviy. Muʻjam al-buldon. Jacut’s geographisches Wörterbuch. Ferdinand Wüstenfeld tahriri ostida. 6 jild. Leypsig: Brokhaus, 1866–73.

Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. Muʿjam al-buldān. Jacut’s geographisches Wörterbuch. Edited by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld. 6 vols. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1866–73.

Yücesoy, Hayrettin. Messianic Beliefs and Imperial Politics in Medieval Islam. The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in the Early Ninth Century. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2009.

Zaman, Muhammad Qasim. Erta Abbosiylar davrida din va siyosat: Proto-sunniy elitaning shakllanishi. Leiden: Brill, 1997.

Zaman, Muhammad Qasim. Religion and Politics under the Early ʿAbbāsids: The Emergence of the Proto-Sunnī Elite. Leiden: Brill, 1997.