Uning oxirgi kasalligi

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Uning oxirgi kasalligi

His Final Illness

by Ibn Al-Jawzi5 min readViewed 105 times

[ʿAbd Allāh:] Otam menga shunday dedi: “Men yetmish yetti yil yashadim va yetmish sakkizinchi yilimni boshladim.” 79.1

[ʿAbd Allāh:] My father told me: “I’ve lived seventy-seven years and started my seventy-eighth.” 79.1

Shu kecha u isitma tutdi. U o'ninchi kuni, 41 [855] yilda vafot etdi.

That same night he took fever. He died on the tenth, in ’41 [855].

[Al-Jawharī:] Men Ibn Hanbalni qamoqda ziyorat qilgani bordim va u bilan birga Abu Said al-Haddadni topdim. Abu Said undan qanday his qilayotganini so'radi. 79.2

[Al-Jawharī:] I went to visit Ibn Ḥanbal in jail and found Abū Saʿīd al-Ḥaddād there with him. Abū Saʿīd asked him how he was feeling. 79.2

“Xo‘sh,” deb javob berdi u. “Sog‘-salomatman, Alhamdulillah!” – “Kecha tunda isitmangiz bormidi?” – “Agar sog‘ekanman desam,” dedi Ahmad, “boshqa savol bermang. Men jirkanch narsalar haqida gapirishni istamayman.” [Solih:] Rabi’ul avval oyining 241-yilidagi birinchi kuni, seshanba kechasi470 otam isitmalab qoldi. Ertasi kuni men uni ko‘rgani bordim. U isitmada edi va katta zo‘rg‘a nafas olardi. Men uning kasalliklari qanday o‘tishini bilardim va u xasta bo‘lganda uni parvarish qilardim. 79.3

“Well,” he answered. “In good health, praise God!” “Did you have any fever last night?” “If I say I’m in good health,” said Aḥmad, “don’t ask any more questions. I don’t want to talk about anything detestable.” [Ṣāliḥ:] On the first day of Rabīʿ I 241, on a Tuesday night,470 my father took fever. The next day I went to see him. He was feverish and he was breathing only with great effort. I knew how his illnesses went and I was the one who nursed him whenever he was unwell. 79.3

“Kecha kechqurun nima yedingiz, dada?” deb so‘radim undan.

“What did you eat last night, Dad?” I asked him.

"Loviya sho'rva," dedi u.

“Bean broth,” he said.

Keyin u turishga urindi.

Then he tried to get up.

"Qo'limni ushla", dedi u.

“Take my hand,” he said.

Men uni oldim. U hojatxonaga yetib borganda, oyoqlari bo'shashib ketdi va menga suyanishiga to'g'ri keldi.

I took it. When he reached the privy his legs gave way and he had to lean on me.

U unga bir necha tabib xizmat qildi, ularning barchasi musulmon edi. Ulardan biri, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ismli kishi, qovoqni qovurib, sharbatini ichishni maslahat berdi. Bu voqea u vafot etgan juma kunidan oldingi seshanba kuni sodir bo'ldi.

He was attended by several healers, all of them Muslims. One of them, a man called ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, advised him to roast a gourd and drink the juice. That was on the Tuesday before the Friday when he died.

"Solih," dedi u.

“Ṣāliḥ,” he said.

"Ha." "Uyingizda ham, Abdulloh uyida ham qovurmang." Al-Fath ibn Sahl uni ko'rgani keldi, lekin men uni kiritmadim. Keyin Ali ibn al-Ja'd471 keldi, lekin uni ham kiritmadim. Lekin odamlar kelishda davom etgach, nihoyat otamga mehmonlar kelganini aytdim. 79.4

“Yes.” “Don’t roast it in your house or ʿAbd Allāh’s either.” Al-Fatḥ ibn Sahl came to check on him but I didn’t let him in. Then ʿAlī ibn al- Jaʿd471 came but I didn’t let him in either. But as people kept arriving, I finally told my father he had visitors. 79.4

“Biz nima qilishimiz kerak deb o‘ylaysiz?” — deb so‘radi u mendan.

“What do you think we should do?” he asked me.

“Ularni duo qilish uchun ichkariga kiritinglar.” U rozi bo‘ldi va odamlar kirib kela boshladilar, uy to‘lguncha ichkariga oqib kirdilar, uning qanday ahvolda ekanini so‘rab, uni shifo berishi uchun Allohga iltijo qildilar. Bir guruh chiqishi bilan, ikkinchisi yana tiqilinch bo‘lib kirib kelardi. Kelganlar soni ortib borgani sayin ko‘cha to‘ldi va biz xonadon darvozasini yopishga majbur bo‘ldik.

“Let them in to pray for you.” He agreed, and in they came, pouring into the house until it was full, asking him how he was feeling and calling on God to cure him. As soon as one group went out, another would come crowding in. As more and more arrived, the street filled up and we had to close the alley gate.

Qo'ng'iroq qilganlar orasida bizning qo'shnimiz ham bor edi, u yangina soqolini bo'yagan edi. Otam uni ko'rishi bilan dedi: "Mana, sunnatni tirik saqlayotgan odam."

Among the callers was a neighbor of ours who had just dyed his beard. As soon as my father saw him, he said, “Now there’s a man who’s keeping some sunnah alive.

"Bu meni xursand qiladi." Odam ichkariga kirdi va otamga duo qila boshladi, otam esa: "Unga va barcha musulmonlarga ham", deb qo'shib turardi. Yana bir odam kelib dedi: "Meni unga ko'rsatish uchun biror yo'l toping. Saroyda uni qamchilagan kuni men o'sha yerda edim va u meni kechirishini istayman." Men buni otamga aytganimda, u hech narsa demadi. Lekin men unga yalinishda davom etdim, to u ko'nguli yumshaguncha. Odamni ichkariga kiritganimda, u yig'lagancha turib qoldi. "Abu Abdulloh", dedi u, "Saroyda sizni qamchilagan kuni men o'sha yerda edim. Mana endi men sizning huzuringizdaman. Agar qasos olmoqchi bo'lsangiz, oling."

That makes me happy.” The man went in and began praying for my father, who kept adding, “And for him, and for all Muslims.” Another man came and said, “Find some way to get me in to see him. I was there the day they flogged him at the palace and I want him to forgive me.” When I told my father, he said nothing. But I kept at him until he relented. When I let the man in, he stood there weeping. “Abū ʿAbd Allāh,” he said, “I was there the day they flogged you at the palace. Now here I am before you. If you want revenge, take it.

"Agar meni kechira olsangiz, meni kechiring." 79.5

If you can forgive me, forgive me.” 79.5

“Bir shart bilan,” dedi otam. “Bunga o‘xshash ish yana qilma.” “Qilmayman,” dedi o‘sha odam.

“On one condition,” said my father. “Don’t do anything like it again.” “I won’t,” said the man.

“Men sizni kechirdim.” Odam ko‘z yoshlari bilan chiqib ketdi, hozir bo‘lganlarning hammasi ham yig‘ladi.

“I forgive you.” The man went out in tears and all those present wept as well.

Otam tangalarning bir qismini bir parcha latta ichida saqlardi. Biror narsa kerak bo'lganda, pulning bir qismini uning xaridini qiladigan kishiga berardik. O'sha seshanba kuni u mendan lattada biror narsa bor-yo'qligini so'radi. Men qarab, bir dirham topdim. 79.6

My father kept some scraps of coin in a bit of rag. Whenever he needed anything, we would give some of the money to whoever was doing the shopping for him. On that Tuesday, he asked me if there was anything in the rag. I looked and found a dirham. 79.6

"Ijarachilardan birortasini biror topshiriqni bajarish uchun toping", dedi u. Shunda men xabar yubordim va ayollardan biriga biroz pul berildi.472

“Find one of the tenants to run an errand,” he said. So I sent word and one of the women was given some money.472

"Bir kishi yuborib menga xurmo olib kelinglar, shunda men qasamimni buzganim uchun kafforat qilay", dedi u. Men xurmo olib kelish uchun odam yubordim, uni sotib oldim va uning qasamining kafforatini berdim.473 Shundan keyin taxminan uch dirham qoldi. Buni unga aytganimda, u: "Allohga hamd bo'lsin!" dedi. Keyin: "Menga vasiyatimni o'qib ber", dedi. Men uni unga o'qib berdim, u esa bu uning vasiyati ekanini tasdiqladi.

“Send out and get me some dates so I can expiate a broken oath,” he said. I sent out for the dates, bought them, and expiated his oath.473 After that there were about three dirhams left. When I told him, he said, “Praise God!” Then he said, “Read out my will.” I read it out to him and he affirmed that it was his.

Biz uning vasiyatnomasini Inkvizitsiya haqidagi bayonimizda allaqachon keltirganmiz, shuning uchun uni yana keltirishdan tiyilamiz.

[The author:] We have already cited his will in our account of the Inquisition and will therefore refrain from citing it again.

[Al-Marrūdhī:] Aḥmad fell ill on Tuesday night, two nights into Rabīʿ I 241, and remained unwell for nine days. As word spread that he was growing worse, crowds of visitors appeared at the gate and remained there through the night. When the authorities learned that a crowd had gathered, they posted watchers and horse-troopers at the door of the house and the gateway into the alley. Up to that point Aḥmad had been allowing people in to see him. They would crowd into the house calling out greetings, and he would respond by lifting his hand. That ended with the arrival of the mounted troops, who stopped people from going in and shut the alley gate. But so many people had crowded into the streets and mosques that some of the vendors could no longer do business. The only way to see Ibn Ḥanbal was to find a way in through the adjoining houses or the weavers' tenements, or to climb over a wall. After sending men to take up positions near the gate and report back to him, Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAṭāʾ came twice a day—once in the morning and once in the evening—to ask after Ibn Ḥanbal but as often as not went away without seeing him. Meanwhile, watchers acting on behalf of Ibn Ṭāhir were making inquiries as well. 79.7

[Al-Marrūdhī:] Aḥmad fell ill on Tuesday night, two nights into Rabīʿ I 241, and remained unwell for nine days. As word spread that he was growing worse, crowds of visitors appeared at the gate and remained there through the night. When the authorities learned that a crowd had gathered, they posted watchers and horse-troopers at the door of the house and the gateway into the alley. Up to that point Aḥmad had been allowing people in to see him. They would crowd into the house calling out greetings, and he would respond by lifting his hand. That ended with the arrival of the mounted troops, who stopped people from going in and shut the alley gate. But so many people had crowded into the streets and mosques that some of the vendors could no longer do business. The only way to see Ibn Ḥanbal was to find a way in through the adjoining houses or the weavers’ tenements, or to climb over a wall. After sending men to take up positions near the gate and report back to him, Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAṭāʾ came twice a day—once in the morning and once in the evening—to ask after Ibn Ḥanbal but as often as not went away without seeing him. Meanwhile, watchers acting on behalf of Ibn Ṭāhir were making inquiries as well. 79.7

Aḥmad aytdi: “Ibn Ṭohirning xizmatkori mening oldimga kelib xabar berdi: ‘Xalifa salom yuboradi; sizni ko‘rishni istaydi.’ Men unga bu men qilishni yomon ko‘radigan ish ekanini aytdim va mo‘minlarning amiri meni yomon ko‘rgan ishimdan ozod qilgan edi.” Ibn Ṭohirning xizmatkori kechasi qaytib keldi va otamni davolayotgan tabiblardan savollar so‘radi. Shu orada kuzatuvchilar Samarraga xabar yuborib turdi va pochta otlari har kuni kelib-ketdi. Hoshim urug‘idan kishilar uni ko‘rish uchun kelib, yig‘ladilar. Bir qancha qozilar va boshqa amaldorlar kelgan edi, lekin ularga kirishga ruxsat berilmadi. Amakisi Yusufga tegishli bir bola uni yelpish uchun yuborildi, lekin otam uni qaytarib yubordi, chunki u otam ma’qullamagan mablag‘ evaziga sotib olingan edi.

Aḥmad told me, “Ibn Ṭāhir’s chamberlain came to see me and reported, ‘The caliph sends his salutations; he wishes to see you.’ I told him that was something I would detest doing, and the Commander of the Faithful had exempted me from doing what I detest.” Ibn Ṭāhir’s chamberlain came back at night and asked questions of the doctors who were attending my father. Meanwhile, the watchers were sending reports back to Samarra, and the courier horses came and went every day. The members of the clan of Hāshim came to see him and wept. A number of judges and other officials arrived but were not admitted. A boy belonging to his uncle Yūsuf was sent to fan him, but my father waved him away because he had been purchased with funds he disapproved of.

"Men bilan qol," dedi u. "Endi uzoq qolmaydi." "Men shu yerdaman," dedim unga.

“Stay with me,” he said. “It won’t be long now.” “I’m right here,” I told him.

Sog'lig'i uchun biror narsa sotib olishi kerak bo'lganda, u bir parcha latta chiqarardi, unda bir necha mayda tanga pullar bor edi, ularni menga berardi va men kerakli narsani sotib olardim. 79.8

Whenever he needed to buy anything for his health, he would take out a bit of rag containing some scraps of coin and give them to me and I would buy what he needed. 79.8

U bizni o'zi yozgan vasiyatiga guvoh qilib oldi, bu vasiyat Somarrada yozilgan edi. Men uning: "O'qib eshittiringlar", deganini eshitdim va uning uchun vasiyat ovoz chiqarib o'qib berildi. Keyin u bizdan qasamni kafforat qilish uchun xurmo sotib olishimizni so'radi. Shundan so'ng uning qo'lida taxminan bir yarim daniq qoldi. Men kirganimda u ishlar qanday bo'lganini so'radi, men esa xurmoni olib borib yuborganimizni aytdim. U yuzini osmonga qaratdi va Allohga hamd aytishni boshladi.

He had us witness his will, which he had written in Samarra. I heard that he said, “Read it out,” and it was read aloud for him. Then he asked us to buy some dates to expiate an oath. Afterward he was left with a dāniq and a half, more or less. When I came in he asked how it had gone, and I told him that we had taken the dates and sent them. He turned his face to the heavens and began praising God.

U unga ʿAbd al-Vahhob ham tashrif buyurdi. Aḥmad qabulga olinganida dedi: “Uning bu issiqda shu yerga kelgani menga juda katta ma’no beradi.” ʿAbd al-Vahhob unga egilib, qo‘lini oldi. Ikkovi qo‘l-qo‘lga tutishgancha, ʿAbd al-Vahhobning ketish vaqti kelguncha o‘tirishdi.

He also had a visit from ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. “It means a lot to me,” said Aḥmad when he was admitted, “that he came here in this heat.” ʿAbd al-Wahhāb bent over him and took his hand. The two sat hand in hand until it was time for ʿAbd al-Wahhāb to leave.

Bir payt bir guruh odamlar kirib keldi, ulardan biri soqoli bo'yalgan oqsoqol edi.

At one point a group of people came in, one of them an elder with a dyed beard.

Ahmad dedi: "Uning soqolini bo'yaganini ko'rib xursand bo'ldim", yoki shunga o'xshash so'zlar bilan.

Aḥmad said, “It makes me happy to see that he’s dyed his beard,” or words to that effect.

Bir ziyoratchisi aytdi: “Alloh sizga biz hammamiz uchun so‘raganingizni bersin.” Ahmad javob berdi: “Alloh sizning duoingizni ijobat qilsin!” Ziyoratchilari o‘zlarini duolarida tilga ola boshlaganda, u doim takrorlardi: “Barcha musulmonlar uchun ham!” Uning ziyoratchilarining bir qismi, turli sabablarga ko‘ra, unga yoqmaydigan kishilar edi.

One of his visitors said, “May God give you what you asked Him to give all of us.” “May God grant your prayer!” replied Aḥmad. As his visitors began naming him in their prayers, he kept saying, “For all Muslims too!” Several of his visitors were people he disapproved of for one reason or another.

Har safar shunday odam kirganda, Ahmad ko'zlarini yumib olardi, go'yo uni nazardan chetga surmoqchidek.

Whenever such a person entered, Aḥmad would close his eyes as if to dismiss him.

U'zi ko'pincha salomiga javob qaytarishdan bosh tortardi.

Often he would refuse to return his greeting.

Bir keksa kishi uning huzuriga kelib, unga dedi: “Xudo huzurida turgan paytingni eslab yur!” Shunda Ahmad bir yig'lab yubordi va ko'z yoshlari yanoqlaridan oqib tushdi.

One elder came to see him and said to him, “Be mindful of the moment when you’ll stand before God!” At that, Aḥmad gave a sob and the tears streamed down his cheeks.

U o'limidan bir-ikki kun oldin u qiynalib gapirdi: “Bolalarni chaqiringlar”, ya'ni kichik bolalarni nazarda tutdi. Bolalar birin-ketin uning atrofiga yig'ilganda, u ularni yaqin tortib, hidlaydi va ko'zlarida yosh bilan ularning boshlarini silab turdi. Kimdir: “Xavotir olmang, Abū ʿAbd Allāh: ular yaxshi bo'lib ketishadi”, dedi. Ammo Aḥmad: “Men o'ylagan narsa bu emas”, degandek ishora qildi. 79.9

A day or two before he died, he slurred out the words, “Call the boys,” meaning the little ones. As the children gathered around him one by one, he held them close to inhale their scent and, tears in his eyes, ran his hand over their heads. Someone said, “Don’t worry, Abū ʿAbd Allāh: they’ll be fine.” But Aḥmad made a gesture as if to say, “That’s not what I was thinking.” 79.9

Agar u faqat o‘tirib qola olsa, o‘sha holatda namoz o‘qir edi; o‘rnidan turolmasa, yotgan holda namoz o‘qir edi, hech charchamay, qo‘llarini ko‘tarib, go‘yo sajda qilayotgandek qilar edi.

When he could only sit, he would pray from that position; and when he couldn’t rise he would pray lying down, tirelessly, by lifting his hands as if performing a cycle of prostrations.

Bir tagiga tog'ora qo'yganimda uning siydigi tiniq qizil qondan iborat ekanini ko'rdim, unda boshqa hech qanday suyuqlik yo'q edi. Buni shifokorga aytdim, u esa shunchalik uzoq azob-uqubat va qayg'uda yashagan har bir inson o'z ichki a'zolarini ezib yuborishi mumkinligini aytdi.

When I put a basin under him I saw that his urine was nothing but bright red blood with no other fluid in it at all. I mentioned this to the doctor, who said that anyone who spent that much time in suffering and sorrow might well shred his own innards.

Payshanba kuni uning ahvoli yomonlashdi. Men uni namoz o'qishi uchun yuvdim. U: "Suvni barmoqlarim orasiga yetkazing", dedi.

On Thursday he grew worse. I washed him so he could pray. “Get the water between my fingers,” he said.

Payshanba kuni kechasi u harakatlanishdan to'xtadi. U vafot etgan deb o'ylab, uni cho'zishga urinayotgan edik, shu payt u yuzini Makka tomon qilib, tizzalarini bukishni boshladi.

On Thursday night he stopped moving. Thinking he was dead, we were trying to stretch him out when he began to bend his knees with his face turned toward Mecca.

Biz unga "Allohdan boshqa iloh yo'q" deb aytishni boshladik, lekin u allaqachon uni aytishni boshlagan edi. U Makka tomon yuzini qilgan holda yon tomoniga yotgan edi.

We began saying “There is no god but God” for him to repeat but he had already started saying it. He on his side to face Mecca.

Juma kuni odamlar to‘planib, ko‘chalar va torlarni to‘ldira boshladi. Peshinda u bizdan olib ketildi. Katta faryod ko‘tarildi va odamlar shunchalik baland yig‘lay boshladiki, go‘yo yer titrayotgandek bo‘ldi. Hammasi o‘tirgach, Juma namozini o‘tkazib yuborishimiz mumkinligini angladik, shuning uchun men olomonga qarab turadigan joy topdim va namozdan keyin uni olib chiqishimizni e’lon qildim.

On Friday, throngs of people began to gather, filling the streets and alleys. At noon he was taken from us. A great cry arose and people began to weep so loudly that it felt as if the earth were shaking. When everyone sat down, we realized that we might miss Friday prayers, so I found a place where I could look out over the crowd and announced that we would bring him out after the prayer.

[Ḥanbal:] Ibn Ḥanbal qamoqda bo‘lganida, al-Faḍl ibn al-Rabiʿning o‘g‘illaridan biri unga uch dona soch berdi va ular Payg‘ambarga ﷺ tegishli ekanini aytdi. Vafot etayotganda Aḥmad bir sochni ko‘zlarining har biri ustiga, uchinchisini esa tiliga qo‘yishni so‘radi. U vafot etganda biz uning so‘zini shunday bajardik. 79.10

[Ḥanbal:] While Ibn Ḥanbal was in jail, one of al-Faḍl ibn al-Rabiʿ’s sons gave him three hairs, saying that they belonged to the Prophet.474 As he lay dying, Aḥmad asked that one hair be put over each of his eyes and the third on his tongue. This we did for him when he died. 79.10

[Ṣāliḥ:] Kasallik paytida otam namozni o'tirgan holatda o'qishga qodir bo'lmagach, men uni tik ushlab turardim, u esa ruku' va sajda qilardi; men uni ko'tarib, shu tarzda ruku' va sajda qilishiga yordam berardim. 79.11

[Ṣāliḥ:] During his illness my father prayed by having me hold him upright so he could bow and prostrate himself, which he did by having me lift him. 79.11

Shunda Mujohid ibn Musо kirib qoldi va dedi: “Qo‘rqmang, ey Abu Abdulloh! Sizning foydangizga guvohlik berish uchun shuncha odam turganda, Alloh huzuriga borganingizda hech narsadan qo‘rqmasligingiz kerak!” U otamning qo‘lini o‘pa boshladi va yig‘lab yubordi. U nasihat so‘raganida, otam tiliga ishora qildi.

At one point Mujāhid ibn Mūsā came in, saying, “No need to be afraid, Abū ʿAbd Allāh! With all these people to testify on your behalf, there’s nothing to fear when you meet God!” He began kissing my father’s hand and weeping. When he asked for his counsel, my father pointed to his tongue.

Yana bir tashrif buyuruvchi qozi Sawwār edi. U unga God uni eng qattiq hisob-kitob bilan sinamasligini tasalli berdi va Mu'tamir rivoyat qilgan xabarni keltirdi: uning otasi o'lim to'shagida yotganida unga: "Menga God'ning mehr-shafqati haqida gapirib ber", degan.475

Another visitor was Judge Sawwār, who reassured him that God would not hold him to the strictest accounting, citing the report transmitted by Muʿtamir to the effect that his father had said to him as he lay dying, “Tell me about God’s lenience.”475

U'zi siydik ushlanishi va boshqa og'riqlardan azob chekishni boshladi, lekin uning aqli joyida qoldi. Shu payt u har doim oyning qaysi kuni ekanini so'rardi va men unga aytardim. Kechasi men uning yonida uxlardim. Biror narsa kerak bo'lsa, meni silkitardi va men uni unga berardim. Bir safar u menga Ibn Idrīs Layth ibn Ṭāvūs-dan rivoyat qilib, u inləmoqni yomon ko'rardi, deb yozgan yozuvlarini olib kelishimni so'radi. Men unga o'sha rivoyatni o'qib berdim, shundan keyin u vafot etgan kechadan tashqari hech qachon inlamadi. 79.12

He began to suffer from retention of urine and other pains but his mind remained clear. All the while he would ask what day of the month it was and I would tell him. At night I slept beside him. If he wanted anything he would shake me and I would hand it to him. Once he asked me to bring him the notes where he’d written that Ibn Idrīs cites Layth ibn Ṭāwūs as saying he hated to moan. I read the report for him and he never moaned after that except on the night he died. 79.12

[ʿAbd Allāh:] Otam vafot etishidan oldingi og‘ir kasalligi paytida menga ʿAbd Allāh ibn Idrīs rivoyat qilgan hadislarni o‘zi yozib qo‘ygan joyni topishni buyurdi. Men kitobni topib berganimda, u mendan Layth rivoyat qilgan xabarni topib, unga o‘qib berishimni so‘radi. Xabar quyidagicha edi:

[ʿAbd Allāh:] During his final illness, my father asked me to find where he had written the reports transmitted by ʿAbd Allāh ibn Idrīs. When I found the book for him, he asked me to find the report related by Layth and read it to him. The report ran:

“Ṭalḥah’ga Ṭovus yomon ko‘rgan narsa – kasallik paytida nola qilish ekanligini aytdim, u o‘lguniga qadar nola qilmadi.” Otamga bu gapni o‘qib bergach, u vafot etguncha nolasini eshitmadim, Alloh uni rahmatiga olsin. 79.13

“I told Ṭalḥah that Ṭāwūs disapproved of moaning when ill, and did not moan until he died.” After I read this to my father, I didn’t hear him moan until he died, God have mercy on him. 79.13

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