Chorshanba kuni, Zulhijja oyining oxirgi oltita kechasi qolganda, 232-yil [847-yil 11-avgust], yigirma olti yoshida bo‘lgan al-Mutavakkil ʿalā llāh al-Vosiqdan keyin xalifa bo‘ldi. Uning orqali Alloh sunnatning g‘alabasini ta’minladi va mehnat (mihna) sababli yuzaga kelgan azob-uqubatlarga chek qo‘ydi, bu esa odamlarning katta xursandchiligiga sabab bo‘ldi. 73.1

On Wednesday, with six nights left in Dhu l-Hijjah 232 [August 11, 847], al- Mutawakkil ʿalā llāh, who was then twenty-six years of age, succeeded al-Wāthiq as caliph. Through him God brought about the triumph of the sunnah and put an end to the suffering caused by the Inquisition, much to the gratification of the people. 73.1

[Al-Taymiy:] Uchta buyuk xalifa bo'lgan: Abu Bakr, u ridddan qaytganlar taslim bo'lguncha ularga qarshi urush olib bordi; Umar ibn Abdulaziz, u Umaviylar qilgan nosozliklarni tuzatdi; va al-Mutavakkil, u bid'atlarni bekor qildi va sunnatni ochiq e'lon qildi. 73.2

[Al-Taymī:] There were three great caliphs: Abū Bakr, who fought the apostates until they surrendered; ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, who made good the abuses of the Umayyads; and al-Mutawakkil, who abolished heretical innovations and publicly proclaimed the sunnah. 73.2

[ʿAlī ibn al-Jahm:] Xalifa al-Mutavakkil meni chaqirtirdi va dedi: «ʿAlī, men Payg‘ambarni tushimda ko‘rdim. Men uni kutib olish uchun o‘rnimdan turdim, u esa dedi: “Sen xalifa bo‘la turib men uchun o‘rnidan turasanmi?”» 73.3

[ʿAlī ibn al-Jahm:] The Caliph al-Mutawakkil sent for me and said, “ʿAlī, I dreamed I saw the Prophet. I rose to greet him, and he said, ‘You’re rising for me even though you’re a caliph?’” 73.3

“Bu yaxshi tush, Mo'minlar amiri”, dedim men. “Uning uchun turishingiz sunnatni himoya qilib o'rnidan turganingizni anglatadi. Va u sizni xalifa deb atadi!” Al-Mutavakkil xursand bo'ldi.

“It’s a good dream, Commander of the Faithful,” I said. “Your rising for him symbolizes your standing up for the sunnah. And he called you a caliph!” Al-Mutawakkil was pleased.

[ʿAlī ibn Ismāʿīl:] Tarsusda men al-Mutawakkilni yorug'likka to'la bir joyda o'tirgan holda tushimda ko'rdim. 73.4

[ʿAlī ibn Ismāʿīl:] In Tarsus I dreamed that I saw al-Mutawakkil sitting in a place full of light. 73.4

«Al-Mutawakkil?» — deb so‘radim.

“Al-Mutawakkil?” I asked.

“Ha,” dedi u.

“Yes,” he said.

“Xudo sen bilan nima qildi?” “U meni kechirdi.” “Nima uchun?” “Men tiklay olgan sunnatning oz qismi tufayli.” [Muallif:] Al-Mutavakkil bid'atning olovlarini o'chirdi va sunnatning chiroqlarini yoqdi.

“What has God done with you?” “He forgave me.” “Why?” “Because of the little bit of sunnah I was able to restore.” [The author:] Al-Mutawakkil extinguished the fires of heretical innovation and lit the lamps of sunnah.

[Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad:] 234 (848–49)-yilda al-Mutavakkil bir qator faqih va hadischilarni, jumladan Mus‘ab az-Zubayriy, Ishoq ibn Abu Isroil, Ibrohim ibn Abdulloh al-Haraviy, hamda Ibn Abu Shaybaning o‘g‘illari Abdulloh va Uthmonni tanlab, ularga mukofotlar va muntazam maosh tayinladi va ularga xalq oldida hadis majlislari o‘tkazishni buyurdi, bunda ular qadariylar va Jahm tarafdorlarini rad etuvchi, shuningdek Allohni ko‘rish haqida xabar beruvchi rivoyatlarni o‘rgatishlari kerak edi. Uthmon ibn Abu Shaybaga al-Mansur shahri ichida majlis o‘tkazishi uchun minbar o‘rnatildi. Uni tinglash uchun taxminan o‘ttiz ming kishi yig‘ildi. Abu Bakr ibn Abu Shaybah esa ar-Rusofa masjidida majlis o‘tkazdi, u yerga ham yana o‘ttiz ming kishi yig‘ilib tinglashdi.423 73.5

[Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad:] In 234 [848–49], al-Mutawakkil chose a number of jurists and Hadith-men, including Muṣʿab al-Zubayrī, Isḥāq ibn Abī Isrāʾīl, Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Harawī, and ʿAbd Allāh and ʿUthmān, the sons of Ibn Abī Shaybah, to receive awards and regular stipends, and ordered them to hold public Hadith sessions to teach the reports that refute the Secessionists and the followers of Jahm, as well as the reports that describe seeing God. ʿUthmān ibn Abī Shaybah had a pulpit set up for him to lead a session inside the City of al-Manṣūr. Some thirty thousand people gathered to hear him. Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shaybah held his session in the mosque of al- Ruṣāfah, where another thirty thousand gathered to hear.423 73.5

[Ghulām Khalīl:] ʿAbbādānda, Inkvizitsiya tugagach, Abū Jaʿfar al-Khawwāṣ menga o‘qib berdi: 73.6

[Ghulām Khalīl:] In ʿAbbādān, after the end of the Inquistion, Abū Jaʿfar al- Khawwāṣ recited for me: 73.6

Bid'atchilarning arqoni ezilib, uzilib ketdi.

The heretics’ rope has frayed and snapped.

Ularning hokimiyat tepasidagi navbati keldi va o‘tib ketdi.

Their turn in power come and gone.

Va ular bilan birga shaytonning qo'shini ham ketdi.

And gone with them is the Devil’s horde.

Ularni ruhlantirish uchun to‘planganlar.

That gathered round to cheer them on.

Do'stlar, aytingchi: o'sha to'plamning hammasida.

Tell me, friends: In all that lot.

Bu yerda bir nusxa bormidi? Hatto bittasi ham?

Was there an exemplar? Even one?

Sufyon Savriy kabi, u bizning hammamizga ilm bergan.

One like Sufyān of Thawr, who taught us all.

Nimani qabul qilish va nimadan voz kechish kerak?

What to accept and what to shun?

Yoki Taym (qabilasi)dan bo'lgan Sulaymon, u hech qachon uxlamagan.

Or Sulaymān of Taym, who never slept.

Xudoning hamma narsani ko‘ruvchi nazaridan qo‘rqqanlik uchunmi?

For fear of God’s all-seeing gaze?

Yoki Mālik kabi, o‘sha dengiz, o‘sha yaylov.

Or like Mālik, that sea, that pasture-ground.

Fuqaholar o'tlaydigan joy qayerda?

Where the jurists come to graze?

Yoki Ibn Hanbal, Islomning jasur yigiti.

Or Ibn Ḥanbal, Islam’s brave young man.

Xudo yaratgan eng dadil yurak kabi.

As stout a heart as God e’er made.

Qamchi va qilich bilan o‘rab olingan bo‘lsa ham, kim.

Who, though ringed about with whip and sword.

Ularning shovqiniga qo‘rqmasdan dosh berdi.424

Faced their clamor unafraid.424

Al-Mutawakkil xalifalikni boshlaganidan besh oy o'tgach, u Ahmad ibn Hanbalni chaqirtirdi. 73.7

Five months into his reign, al-Mutawakkil sent for Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. 73.7

[Ṣāliḥ:] Al-Mutawakkil Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhimga, otamni huzuriga yuborishni buyurdi. Shunda Isḥāq otamni chaqirtirib dedi: “Mo‘minlar amiri sizni huzurida ko‘rishni istaydi. Yo‘lga tayyorlaning!” Otam esa dedi: 73.8

[Ṣāliḥ:] Al-Mutawakkil ordered Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm to send my father to him. So Isḥāq summoned my father and said: “The Commander of the Faithful requires your presence. Prepare yourself for a journey!” My father said: 73.8

Isḥoq ham meni qamchilanganimda u yerda bo‘lgani uchun meni kechirishimni so‘radi. Men unga o‘sha yerda bo‘lgan barchani allaqachon kechirganimni aytdim. Shundan so‘ng u Qur’on haqida so‘ramoqchi ekanini aytdi — meni sinash uchun emas, balki haqiqatan ham bilmoqchi bo‘lgani uchun.

Isḥāq also asked me to forgive him for being present when I was flogged. I told him that I had already forgiven everyone who was there. Then he said he wanted to ask me about the Qurʾan—not to test me, but because he genuinely wanted to know.

"Bizning orangizda qolsin, unda Qur’on haqida nima deysiz?" "U Allohning kalomi," dedim men, "yaratilmagan." "Nega yaratilmagan?" "Alloh taolo aytgan: «Yaratish ham, amr ham faqat Uning [qo‘lida]dir»425. Bu shuni ko‘rsatadiki, U yaratgan narsa bilan Uning amri bir xil emas." "Lekin Uning amri yaratilgandir," dedi Ishoq.

“Just between us, then: What do you say about the Qurʾan?” “It’s the speech of God,” I told him, “uncreated.” “Why uncreated?” “God has said, «His is the creation, His the command,»425 which shows that what He creates is not the same as what He commands.” “But His command is created,” said Isḥāq.

“Xudo bizni asrasin!” dedim men. “Yaratilgan narsa boshqa narsani yarata oladimi?” “Lekin sizga kim aytdiki, u yaratilgan emas?” “Ja’far ibn Muhammad aytadi: “U na yaratuvchi, na yaratilgan narsadir”.” U jim qoldi.

“God help us!” I said. “Can one created thing create another?” “But what authority tells you it isn’t created?” “Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad says, ‘It is neither a creator nor a created thing.’” He fell silent.

Ertasi kuni kechqurun u meni chaqirtirib so‘radi: “Ketishga qanday qaraysan?” “Buni sizning xohishingizga qo‘yaman.” [Solih davom etdi:] 73.9

The next night, he sent for me and asked, “How do you feel about going?” “That’s up to you.” [Ṣāliḥ continued:] 73.9

Ahmad al-Mutawakkilning huzuriga olib borilib, keyin yana qaytarilganidan so'ng, Ishoq ibn Ibrohim vafot etdi va uning o'rniga o'g'li Abdulloh ibn Ishoq keldi. Shundan keyin Ahmadning dushmanlari uni al-Mutawakkilga ayblab, Aliy tarafdorini panohida saqlayapti, deb da'vo qilishdi.426 73.10

After Aḥmad was taken to see al-Mutawakkil and then sent back again, Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm died and was succeeded by his son, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Isḥāq. Then Aḥmad’s enemies denounced him to al-Mutawakkil, claiming that he was harboring a partisan of ʿAlī.426 73.10

[Ṣāliḥ:] Xalifa al-Mutavakkil Bag'dodning yangi hokimi Abdulloh ibn Ishoqqa xabar yuborib, Ahmad ibn Hanbalga xalifadan hech narsani yashirmaslikdan ogoh qilishni buyurdi. Shundan so'ng xalifa o'z xamkori Muzaffarni hamda pochta xizmati boshlig'i, Ibn al-Kalbiy ismli kishini yubordi, ularga ham xuddi shu xabarni yuborgan edi. Kechasi, ko'pchilik uxlab bo'lgach, al-Muzaffar va Ibn al-Kalbiy Ahmadning oldiga borib, Abdulloh ibn Ishoq ularga yetkazgan xabarni ya'ni xalifadan hech narsani yashirmaslikdan ehtiyot bo'lish kerakligini aytib berishdi. 73.11

[Ṣāliḥ:] The Caliph al-Mutawakkil sent a message to ʿAbd Allāh ibn Isḥāq, the new governor in Baghdad, telling him to warn Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal against hiding anything from the caliph. The caliph then dispatched his chamberlain, Muẓaffar, as well as the chief of the courier service, a man named Ibn al-Kalbī, to whom he had sent the same message. Late at night, after most people had gone to bed, al-Muẓaffar and Ibn al-Kalbī confronted Aḥmad and passed on the message that ʿAbd Allāh ibn Isḥāq had conveyed to them: that is, that he should be wary of hiding anything from the caliph. 73.11

[Ṣāliḥ:] Eshik taqillatildi va faqat belbog'idan boshqa kiyimi bo'lmagan otam eshikni ochdi. Kelganlar xalifaning xatini o'qib berdilar, unda u Alining tarafdorini panohida saqlayotgani aytilgan edi. U dedi: "Men uning nimani nazarda tutayotganini bilmayman. Men inonamanki, xohlasa-xohlamasa, yaxshi kunda ham, yomon kunda ham unga itoat qilish lozim, garchi u meni boshqalardan ustun qo'ysa ham. Musulmon birodarlarim bilan birga namoz o'qiy olmayotganimdan, juma namoziga borolmayotganimdan va jamoat oldida so'z aytolmayotganimdan afsusdaman."427 73.12

[Ṣāliḥ:] There was a knock, and my father, who was dressed only in his breechclout, answered the door. The callers read aloud a message from the caliph suggesting that he was harboring a partisan of ʿAlī. He said, “I don’t know what he means. I believe that obedience is due him in good times and bad, willingly or not, even if he should favor others over me. I regret not being able to pray with my fellow Muslims, attend Friday prayers, or address the community.”427 73.12

Ishoq vafotidan oldin otamga uyda qolishni va juma yoki boshqa jamoat namozlariga chiqmaslikni aytgan edi. U otamni ogohlantirib, agar chiqsa, al-Mu'tasim davrida ko'rgan azob-uqubatlarini yana ko'rishini aytgan edi.

[Ṣāliḥ:] Otam ʿAlī ibn al-Jahmdan bir xat oldi, unda shunday yozilgan edi: “Mo‘minlar amiri bu yerdan Yaʿqūbni, ya’ni Qavsarrani sizga sovg‘a bilan yubordi va sizni huzuriga kelishni buyuradi. U sizni Xudo nomi bilan chaqiradi: o‘zingizni oqlashga urinmang va yuborgan pulni qaytarmang, chunki bunday qilsangiz, sizga qarshi ishlaydiganlarning qo‘lini kuchaytirasiz.” 73.16

[Ṣāliḥ:] My father received a letter from ʿAlī ibn al-Jahm saying: “The Commander of the Faithful herewith sends you Yaʿqūb, called Qawṣarrah, with a gift for you, and orders you to come to him. He calls upon you in the name of God not to plead for exemption or to return the money he has sent you, for doing so will strengthen the hand of those working against you.” 73.16

Ertasi kuni Yaʿqūb qaytib keldi va u kishining huzuriga kirdi. «Abū ʿAbd Allāh, — dedi u, — Mo‘minlar amiri sizga salom yo‘llaydi va shunday deydi: „Men endi sizning aybsiz ekaningizga ishonch hosil qildim. Sizning huzuringizda bo‘lishni va duolaringizning barakotiga erishishni istab, yo‘l xarajatlaringizni qoplash uchun sizga o‘n ming dirham yuboraman“». Shundan so‘ng Yaʿqūb tugunli xaltachali bir xurjunni chiqardi, unda taxminan ikki yuz dinor bor edi, qolgan qismi esa qirqilmagan dirhamlar bilan to‘ldirilgan edi. Otam unga hatto qarab ham qo‘ymadi.

The next day, Yaʿqūb returned and went in to see him. “Abū ʿAbd Allāh,” he said, “the Commander of the Faithful conveys his greetings to you and says: ‘I am now convinced of your innocence. Desiring, as I do, the comfort of your presence and the blessing of your prayers, I herewith send to you ten thousand dirhams to cover the expenses of your journey.’” Yaʿqūb then brought out a bag with a knotted pouch containing about two hundred dinars and the rest filled with untrimmed dirhams. My father didn’t even look at it.

Yaʿqūb uni yana bog‘ladi va: «Ertaga qaytib kelaman, qaror qilganingizni bilish uchun», dedi. U yana qo‘shib qo‘ydi: «Sizning tanazzulingizdan bid‘atchilarning xursand bo‘lishiga yo‘l qo‘ymagan Allohga hamd bo‘lsin». Shundan so‘ng u ketdi.

Yaʿqūb tied it back up, saying, “I’ll be back tomorrow to find out what you’ve decided to do.” He added, “Praise God, who prevented the innovators from rejoicing in your downfall.” Then he left.

Men yashil rangli leğen olib keldim, uni ag'darib, sumka ustiga tashladim.

I brought in a green washtub,430 turned it over, and dropped it on top of the bag.

Namozning vaqti kirganda otam: "Solih, buni ol va uyingga qo'y", dedi. Men uni tomda, uxlaydigan joyim yonida qo'ydim. Ertasi kuni erta tongda uning meni chaqirayotganini eshitdim, turib, oldiga bordim. U menga uxlamaganini aytdi. Nega uxlamaganini so'raganimda, u yig'lay boshladi va: "Men ulardan qutulganimni o'ylabman, lekin hayotimning oxirida ular meni azoblash uchun kelishdi!" dedi. U davom etdi: "Tong otishi bilanoq o'sha narsani sadaqa qilib berishga qaror qildim." "Bu sizning ixtiyoringiz", dedim men.

[Ṣāliḥ:] Otam al-Mutavakkilning salomini yetkazib, uning sog‘lig‘ini so‘raydigan elchilar kelib turardi. Biz mehmonlarni xursand bo‘lib kutib olardik, lekin otam shunchalik qattiq titrardiki, uni qalin kiyimlarga o‘rab qo‘yishimiz kerak edi. U barmoqlarini bir joyga jamlab: “Agar jonim qo‘limda bo‘lganida, uni qo‘yib yuborardim”, deb aytardi-da, so‘ng qo‘lini ochardi. 73.45

[Ṣāliḥ:] My father used to receive visits from messengers conveying al-Mutawakkil’s greetings and asking after his health. We were happy to receive the visitors, but my father would shudder so violently that we had to bundle him up in heavy clothes. He would bunch his fingers together and say, “If I had my soul in my hand, I would let it go,” then open his hand. 73.45

Bir muncha vaqt o'tgach, al-Mutavakkil va uning hamrohlari al-Madoin tomon yo'l bilan al-Shammosiyya orqali o'tayotgan edilar. Otam menga ularning oldiga bormasligimni yoki ularga hech qanday xabar yubormasligimni aytdi. Men bunga rozi bo'ldim.

Some time later, al-Mutawakkil and his entourage were passing through al- Shammāsiyyah on their way to al-Madāʾin. My father told me that he didn’t want me to go to them or send them word of any kind. I said I wouldn’t.

Ertasi kuni men tashqarida o'tirgan edim, va mana, ro'parimda — yomg'irli kun bo'lishiga qaramay — Yahyo ibn Xoqon paydo bo'ldi; u yomg'irga qaramay, katta hamrohlar to'dasi bilan kelgan edi.

The next day I was sitting outside and there right in front of me—even though it was a rainy day—appeared Yaḥyā ibn Khāqān, who had come, rain and all, with a vast entourage.

— Bu qanday xulq? — dedi u otidan tushib, bizning ko‘cha boshida. — Sen otangning salomini Mo‘minlarning amiri huzurigа olib bormading, shuning uchun meni yuborib qo‘ydi. Men uni ko‘cha ichidan ot bilan kirishga ko‘ndirmoqchi bo‘ldim, lekin u rad etib, o‘rniga loy ichida botqoqdan o‘z yo‘lini bosib o‘tdi. Eshikka yetganida, botinkalari ustida kiygan galoshlarini yechib, uyga kirdi.

“Is this any way to act?” he said, dismounting just outside our alley. “You didn’t come and convey your father’s greetings to the Commander of the Faithful, so he sent me to you.” I tried to persuade him to come through the alley on horseback, but he refused and began sloshing his way through the mud instead. When he reached the door, he removed the galoshes he was wearing over his boots and went into the house.

Otam burchakda yamalgan ro‘mol va salla kiyib o‘tirgan edi. Eshik oldida yagona parda sifatida qopning bir bo‘lagi osilgan edi. Yahyo unga salom berdi, peshonasidan o‘pdi va sog‘lig‘ini so‘radi.

My father was sitting in the corner wearing a patched wrap and a turban. The only curtain across the door was a strip of burlap. Yaḥyā greeted him, kissed him on the forehead, and asked after his health.