Negara mempunyai panji-panji (Alwiyah) dan bendera-bendera (Rayat) yang diambil kira daripada panji-panji dan bendera-bendera Negara Islam yang pertama, yang didirikan oleh Rasulullah ﷺ di al-Madinah al-Munawwarah. Ia adalah seperti berikut:

The State has flags (Alwiyah) and banners (Rayat) as deduced from the flags and banners of the first Islamic State, which the Messenger of Allah ( PBUH) established in al-Medina al-Munawwarah. These will be as follows: .

1- Bendera dan panji, dari segi bahasa disebut alam. Al-Qamus al-Muhit menyebut di bawah akar kata (r/w/y) bahawa al-raya ialah al-alam, jamaknya raayaat. Ia juga menyebut di bawah akar kata (l/w/y) bahawa al-liwa' ialah al-alam, jamaknya alwiyah. Selain itu, Syariat telah menetapkan bagi setiap satu daripada istilah ini suatu makna syar'i seperti berikut:

1- Flag and banner, are linguistically called alam. Al-Qamus al-Muhit mentions under the root (r/w/y) that al-raya is ‘al-alam, plural being rayaat. It mentions under the root (l/w/y) that al-liwa' is al-‘alam, plural alwiyah Besides; The Law designated each one of these terms a shar'i meaning as follows: .

Bendera (liwaa') berwarna putih, dan di atasnya tertulis 'la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul Allah' dengan tulisan berwarna hitam. Bendera ini diikatkan kepada amir tentera atau ketua tentera. Ia digunakan sebagai tanda kedudukan beliau, dan ia mengikut ke mana sahaja kedudukan tersebut berada. Dalil bagi pengikatan bendera kepada amir tentera ialah bahawa Nabi ﷺ memasuki Makkah pada hari penaklukannya sambil membawa bendera putih. Hadis ini diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Majah melalui Jabir. An-Nasa'i juga meriwayatkan melalui Anas bahawa apabila Nabi ﷺ melantik Usamah bin Zaid sebagai amir tentera untuk menyerang Rom, baginda sendiri mengikatkan benderanya dengan tangan baginda.

- The flag (liwaa') is white, on which it is written 'la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul Allah' with black script. It is tied to the amir of the army or the leader of the army. It is used as a sign of his location, and it goes along with this location. The evidence to tying the flag to the amir of the army is (that the Prophet (PBUH) entered Makkah on the day of its conquest while raising a white flag). This was narrated by Ibn Majah through Jabir. An-Nasa’i also narrated through Anas that when the Prophet (PBUH) appointed Usama ibn Zayd as amir to the army for invading the Romans, he tied his flag with his own hands. .

Panji (rayah) berwarna hitam, dan di atasnya tertulis dengan tulisan putih 'la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul Allah'. Panji ini dibawa oleh para pemimpin pasukan tentera (rejimen, detasmen, dan unit-unit tentera yang lain). Dalilnya ialah bahawa Rasulullah ﷺ, ketika menjadi ketua tentera di Khaybar, bersabda: "Aku akan memberikan panji itu esok kepada seorang lelaki yang mencintai Allah dan Rasul-Nya, dan Allah serta Rasul-Nya mencintainya; lalu baginda memberikannya kepada 'Ali". Hadith ini disepakati (muttafaq 'alayh). 'Ali (ra) ketika itu dianggap sebagai ketua sebuah bahagian atau rejimen dalam tentera. Al-Harith bin Hassan bin Al-Bakri juga berkata dalam hadith itu: "Kami datang ke Madinah dan kami melihat Nabi ﷺ di atas mimbar, dengan Bilal berdiri di hadapannya memakai pedangnya.

- The banner (rayah) is black, on which it is written 'la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul Allah' with white script. It is carried by the leaders of the army divisions (regiments, detachments, and other army units). The evidence is that the Messenger (PBUH) , while being the leader of the army in Khaybar, he said: "I will give the Raya tomorrow to a man who loves Allah and His Messenger, and Allah and His messenger love him; and he gave it to ’Ali". This hadith is agreed upon. ’Ali (ra) was considered then the leader of a division or a regiment in the army. Al-Harith b. Hassan b. Al-Bakri also said in the hadith, "We came to Medina and we saw the Prophet (PBUH) on the Mimbar, with Bilal standing in front of him wearing his sword. .

Di hadapan Rasulullah ﷺ terdapat panji-panji hitam. Aku bertanya: "Apakah panji-panji ini?" Mereka menjawab: "Itu adalah Amr bin al-'As yang baru sahaja pulang dari satu ekspedisi." "Dan terdapat panji-panji hitam (rayaat)" bermaksud terdapat banyak panji yang dibawa oleh tentera, walaupun amirnya hanya seorang, iaitu Amru bin Al-Ass. Ini menunjukkan bahawa dalam satu tentera hanya ada satu bendera (liwaa'), tetapi panji-panji (rayaat) itu banyak dalam setiap tentera.

There were black banners in front of the Messenger (PBUH). I asked ‘what are these banners?’ They said: ‘it is Amr b. al-’As who has just arrived from an expedition’". "And there were black banners (rayaat)" this means there were many banners carried by the army though its amir was one, which was Amru ibn Al-Ass. This indicates there is one flag (liwaa') in the same army, but the banners (rayaat) are many in each army. .

Oleh itu, bendera (liwaa') ialah lambang (‘alam) hanya bagi amir tentera, manakala panji-panji (rayaat) ialah lambang-lambang (a'lam) yang dibawa oleh para askar.

Thus, the flag (liwaa') is a sign (‘alam) to the amir of the army only, while the banners (rayaat) are signs (a'lam) carried by the soldiers. .

2. Bendera liwaa' diikat kepada amir tentera, dan ia menjadi tanda yang menunjukkan markas amir tentera. Namun, di medan perang, ketua pertempuran, sama ada dia amir tentera atau dilantik olehnya, diberikan panji (rayah) untuk dibawa semasa berperang di medan perang. Oleh itu, panji itu dinamakan ibu peperangan kerana ia dibawa oleh ketua pertempuran di medan perang.

2. The flag (liwaa') is tied to the amir of the army, and it is a sign indicating the headquarters of the amir of the army. However, in the battle field, the leader of the battle, whether he is the amir of the army or appointed by him, is given the banner (rayah) to carry during the fight in the battle field. Therefore, the banner is called the mother of the war because it is carried by the battle leader in the battle field. .

Oleh itu, pada masa peperangan sebenar akan ada satu panji bagi setiap ketua dalam pertempuran, perkara yang biasa pada zaman itu. Mengibarkan panji dengan tinggi menjadi bukti kekuatan ketua pertempuran. Ini adalah arahan pentadbiran yang diikuti mengikut tradisi peperangan dalam tentera. Rasulullah ﷺ mengumumkan kepada orang ramai tentang kematian Zayd, Ja'far dan Ibn Ruwahah sebelum utusan membawa berita itu: "Zayd mengambil panji (raya) tetapi dia terkena; kemudian Ja'far mengambilnya dan dia terkena; kemudian Ibn Ruwahah mengambilnya dan dia terkena" [Bukhari, Sahih, #3757]. Pada masa peperangan sebenar, jika ketua tentera di medan perang ialah Khalifah, maka kedua-dua bendera (liwaa') dan panji (raya) boleh diangkat. Diriwayatkan dalam Sirah Ibn Hisham semasa perbincangan mengenai Ghazwah Badar yang besar bahawa bendera dan panji hadir dalam peperangan itu.

Therefore, at the time of actual war there will be one banner with every leader of a battle, a matter that was familiar at that time. Keeping the banner flying up was evidence to the might of the leader of the battle. This is an administrative order that is followed in accordance with the traditions of fighting in the armies. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said announcing to the people the death of Zayd, Ja'far and Ibn Ruwahah before the soldiers brought the news:. "Zayd took the banner (raya) but he was hit; and then Ja'far took it and he was hit; and then Ibn Ruwahah took it and he was hit" [Bukhari, Sahih, #3757]. At the time of actual war, if the leader of the army in the battle field was the Khalifah, both the flag (liwaa') and the banner (raya) can be lifted. It was reported in the seerah of Ibn Hisham during the talk about the ghazwah of great Badr that the flag and banner were present in the battle. .

Namun, pada waktu damai atau setelah berakhirnya peperangan, panji-panji biasanya dibentangkan di kalangan tentera dan diangkat oleh bahagian-bahagian, rejimen, unit dan batalion mereka, sebagaimana diriwayatkan dalam hadis Al-Harith ibn Hassan Al-Bakri yang menceritakan tentang tentera Amru ibn Al-‘As.

However, at time of peace or after the end of the battle the banners are usually spread amongst the army and lifted by its divisions, regiments, units and battalions, as narrated in the hadith of Al-Harith ibn Hassan Al-Bakri that talked about the army of Amru ibn Al-‘As. .

3. Khalifah ialah ketua tentera dalam Islam; oleh itu, bendera secara hukum dinaikkan di atas markasnya, iaitu di atas rumah Khalifah. Ini kerana bendera itu diikat kepada amir tentera. Panji dibenarkan dinaikkan di atas rumah Khalifah dari sudut pentadbiran, dengan mengambil kira hakikat bahawa Khalifah ialah ketua bagi organisasi-organisasi Negara. Bagi organisasi, jabatan dan institusi Negara yang selebihnya, hanya panji sahaja yang dinaikkan di atasnya, kerana bendera itu khusus bagi ketua tentera sebagai tanda kedudukannya.

3. The Khalifah is the leader of the army in Islam; therefore the flag is legally lifted on top of his headquarters, i.e. on top of the Khalifah’s house. This is because the flag it tied to the amir of the army. The banner is allowed to be lifted on top of the Khalifah’s house from an administrative point of view, taking into account the fact that the Khalifah is the head of the organisations of the State. In regards to the remaining organisations, departments and establishments of the State, the banner alone is lifted on top of them, because the flag is specific to the leader of the army as a mark to his location. .

4. Bendera itu diikat di hujung tombak dan dililitkan padanya. Ia diberikan kepada ketua tentera mengikut bilangan tentera. Maka ia diikat kepada ketua tentera pertama, tentera kedua, atau ketua tentera Al-Sham, dan tentera Iraq, atau ketua tentera Aleppo, atau ketua tentera Beirut, dan seterusnya.

4. The flag is tied at the end of the spear and twisted around it. It is given to the leader of the army in accordance to the number of armies. Thus it is tied to the leader of the first army, the second army, or the leader of Al-Sham army, and Iraq army, or the leader of Aleppo army, or the leader of Beitut army, and so on. .

Pada asalnya ia dililitkan pada hujung tombak dan tidak dibentangkan kecuali ketika diperlukan. Contohnya, ia dibentangkan di atas rumah Khalifah kerana kepentingannya. Hal ini juga terpakai pada tempat-tempat ketua-ketua tentera pada waktu aman, supaya Ummah dapat melihat keagungan bendera tentera mereka. Namun, jika keperluan ini bercanggah dengan isu keselamatan, seperti apabila musuh mengenal pasti tempat ketua-ketua tentera, maka bendera tersebut diperlakukan sebagaimana asalnya, iaitu tidak dibentangkan, sebaliknya kekal dililitkan/digulung.

In origin it is twisted at the end of the spear and not spread out except at the time of need. It is for example spread out on top of the Khalifah’s house because of its importance. This applies also to the sites of the leaders of the armies at time of peace so that the Ummah can see the greatness of the flags of their armies. However, if this need conflicts with security issues, such as the enemy recognising the sites of the leaders of the armies, then the flag will be treated as in origin, i.e. it is not spread out but rather remains twisted/rounded. .

Mengenai panji, ia dibiarkan untuk dikibarkan oleh angin, seperti bendera yang digunakan pada hari ini. Oleh itu, ia diletakkan di atas jabatan-jabatan Negara.

In regards to the banner it is left for the wind to flap it, like the flags used today. Therefore it is placed on top of the departments of the State. .

Ringkasan:

In Summary: .

Pertama: Mengenai tentera.

Firstly: Regarding the army .

1- Dalam keadaan peperangan sebenar, bendera tetap dipasang di tempat ketua tentera. Pada asalnya ia tidak boleh dibentangkan, sebaliknya hendaklah dilipat/dipilin dan diikat pada tombak. Ia boleh dibentangkan setelah meneliti isu keselamatan. Akan ada panji yang dibawa oleh ketua peperangan di medan perang. Sekiranya Khalifah berada di medan perang, bendera juga dibenarkan untuk dibawa.

1- In case of actual war, the flag remains attached to the site of the leader of the army. In origin it must not be spread out, rather kept rounded/twisted around the spear. It can be spread out after studying the security issue. There will be a banner carried by the leader of the battle in the battle field. In case the Khalifah was in the battle field the flag is also allowed to be carried. .

2- Dalam keadaan aman, bendera diikat kepada ketua-ketua tentera, dan ia digulung pada hujung tombak; tetapi ia boleh dibentangkan di atas tempat-tempat ketua-ketua tentera. Panji-panji biasanya dibentangkan di kalangan tentera yang dibawa oleh bahagian-bahagiannya, unit-unitnya, rejimen-rejimennya dan batalion-batalionnya. Setiap bahagian, rejimen atau batalion boleh mempunyai panji tertentu yang membezakannya dari segi pentadbiran dan yang diangkat bersama panji utama.

2- In case of peace the flag is tied to the leaders of the armies, and it is rounded at the spear; but it can be spread out on top of the sites of the leaders of the armies. Banners are usually spread out amongst the army carried by its divisions, units, regiments and battalions. It is possible for each division, a regiment, or a battalion to have a specific banner that distinguishes it administratively and which is lifted with the banner. .

Kedua: Mengenai organisasi keselamatan, jabatan dan institusi Negara, hanya panji dinaikkan di atas setiap satunya kecuali rumah Khilafah, di mana bendera dinaikkan di atasnya kerana Khalifah ialah pemimpin tentera. Panji dibenarkan dinaikkan secara pentadbiran bersama-samanya, kerana rumah Khilafah ialah ketua organisasi-organisasi Negara. Institusi swasta dan rakyat biasa juga boleh membawa dan menaikkan panji di atas institusi, pejabat dan rumah mereka, terutamanya pada hari-hari raya, kemenangan dan seumpamanya.

Secondly: Regarding the security organisations, departments, and establishments of the State, only the banner is lifted on top of each of them except the house of the Khilafah, where the flag is lifted on top of it as the Khalifah is the leader of the army. The banner is allowed to be lifted administratively together with it, because the house of the Khilafah is the head of the organisations of the State. The private establishments and ordinary people can also carry and lift the banner on top of their establishments, offices and houses, particularly on the occasions of eid, victories and the like.