4.1 Tajuk
4.1 The title
Gelarannya boleh jadi al-Khalifah, "al-Imam" atau "Amir al-Mu'minin". Gelaran-gelaran ini telah diriwayatkan dalam hadith-hadith yang sahih dan dalam Ijma' para Sahabah. Khulafa' Al-Rashidin (empat khalifah pertama) telah memegang gelaran-gelaran tersebut.
His title could be the Khalifah, the “Imam” or the “Amir al-Mu’minin”. These titles have been narrated in sound Ahadith and in the Ijma’ of the Sahabah. The Khulafa’ Al-Rashidin (first four Khulafa’) have held such titles. .
Abu Said Al-Khudri meriwayatkan bahawa Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: "Jika baiah telah diambil untuk dua orang khalifah, bunuhlah yang terakhir daripada mereka." (Muslim, Sahih, #1842).
Abu Said Al-Khudri reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “If the pledge of allegiance (Bay’ah) has been taken for two Khulafaa’ kill the latter of them.” (Muslim, Sahih, #1842).
‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas meriwayatkan bahawa dia mendengar Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: “Sesiapa yang membaiat seorang Imam dengan memberikan genggaman tangannya dan buah hatinya, maka hendaklah dia mentaatinya selagi dia mampu ...” [Muslim, Sahih, #1844].
‘Abdullah ibn Amr Ibn al-‘Aas reported that he heard Allah’s Messenger say: “Whoever pledged allegiance to an Imam giving him the clasp of his hand and the fruit of his heart shall obey him as long as he can ...” [Muslim, Sahih, #1844] .
Diriwayatkan daripada Auf bin Malik bahawa beliau mendengar Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: "Sebaik-baik pemimpin kamu ialah mereka yang kamu cintai dan mereka mencintai kamu, yang mendoakan kamu dan kamu mendoakan mereka ..." [Muslim, Sahih, #4782].
Auf Ibn Malik reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) say: “The best of your Imams are those whom you love and they love you and who pray for you and you pray for them ...” [Muslim, Sahih, #4782]. .
Dalam hadith-hadith ini, gelaran bagi pemerintah yang melaksanakan hukum-hukum ilahi dalam Islam ialah Khalifah atau Imam.
In these ahadith the title of the ruler that executes the divine rules in Islam is the Khalifah or the Imam. .
Riwayat yang paling sahih mengenai gelaran “Amir al-Mu’mineen” datang daripada hadith Shihab Al-Zuhri yang diriwayatkan oleh Al-Hakim dalam al-Mustadrak [jilid 3, m.s. 73, #4480], yang disahihkan oleh al-Zahabi [dalam al-Talkhis]. Al-Tabarani juga meriwayatkan sebuah riwayat, yang mengenainya Al-Haythami menyatakan bahawa semua perawinya bersifat sahih. Al-Hakim meriwayatkan hadith tersebut seperti berikut:
The most authentic reports regarding the title “Amir al-Mu’mineen,” came from the hadith of Shihab Al-Zuhri reported by Al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak [vol.3, p.73, #4480], which was authenticated by al-Zahabi [in the Talkhis]. Al- Tabarani has reported a narration regarding which Al-Haythami declared all transmitters of sound character. Al-Hakim narrates the hadith as follows: .
Ibnu Shihab meriwayatkan bahawa ‘Umar ibnu Abdul Aziz bertanya kepada Abu Bakr ibnu Sulaiman ibnu Abi Haythma… “Siapakah orang pertama yang menulis dengan gelaran Amir al-Mu’minin?” Dia menjawab, “Ash-Shifa’ memberitahuku, yang termasuk dalam kalangan wanita pertama yang berhijrah, bahawa ‘Umar ibnu al-Khattab (ra) menulis kepada gabenor Iraq untuk meminta dua orang lelaki yang kuat supaya dapat bertanya kepada mereka tentang Iraq dan penduduknya. Dia menghantar kepadanya Labid ibnu Rabi‘ah dan Adi ibnu Hatim. Apabila mereka tiba di al-Madinah, mereka memberhentikan dua ekor unta tunggangan mereka di halaman masjid dan masuk ke dalam masjid. Tiba-tiba mereka ternampak ‘Amr ibnu al-‘As, lalu berkata, “Wahai ‘Amr, mintakan kami kebenaran untuk menemui Amir ul-Mu’minin!” ‘Amru berkata, “Demi Allah, kamu memanggilnya dengan nama yang betul. Dia ialah Amir, dan kita ialah orang-orang beriman (mu’minin).” Kemudian ‘Amru melompat dan masuk menemui ‘Umar, Amir ul-Mu’minin, lalu berkata, “Assalamu ‘Alayka ya Amir ul-Mu’minin (Salam sejahtera ke atasmu wahai Amir orang-orang beriman).” ‘Umar bertanya, “Apa yang mendorongmu memikirkan gelaran ini, wahai ibnu al-‘As? Allah mengetahui bahawa kamu perlu membuktikan apa yang kamu katakan.” Dia menjawab, “Labid ibnu Rabi‘ah dan Adi ibnu Hatim tiba, lalu mereka memberhentikan dua ekor unta tunggangan mereka di halaman masjid dan datang kepadaku lalu berkata, ‘Wahai ‘Amru, mintakan kami kebenaran untuk menemui Amir al-Mu’minin!’ Demi Allah, mereka memberimu nama yang betul; kami ialah orang-orang beriman (mu’minin) dan kamu ialah Amir kami.” Sejak itu, mereka mula menggunakan gelaran ini dalam penulisan.” Ash-Shifa’ ialah nenek kepada Abu Bakr ibnu Sulaiman. Selepas itu, kaum Muslimin terus memanggil para khalifah selepas ‘Umar (ra) dengan gelaran ini.” [Lihat juga Bukhari, Adab al-Mufrad, #780].
“Ibn Shihab narrated that ‘Umar ibn Abdul Aziz asked Abu Bakr ibn Suleiman ibn Abi Haythma…“Who was the first to write from Amir al-Mu’minin?” He said, “Ash-Shafa’ told me, who was from the first female emigrants, that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (ra) wrote to the governor of Iraq to request two strong men so as to ask them about Iraq and its people. He sent to him Labeed ibn Rabeeah and Adi ibn Hatim. When they arrived to al-Madinah they halted their two camel rides in the courtyard of the masjid and entered into the masjid. They suddenly saw Amr ibn al-Aas, and said, “Ask O Amr for us the permission to see Amir ul-Mu’mineen!” Amru said, “By Allah, you called him by his right name. He is the Amir, and we are the believers (mu’mineen).” Then Amru jumped and entered before ‘Umar, Amir ul-Mu’mineen and said, “Assalamu Alayka ya Amir ul-Mu’mineen (Peace be upon you O Amir of the believers).” ‘Umar said, “What made you think of this name, O ibn al-As? Allah knows you have to justify that which you say.” He said, “Labeed ibn Rabeeah and Adi ibn Hatim arrived and they camped their two camel rides in the courtyard of the masjid and came to me and said ask O Amru for us the permission to see Amir al-Mu’minin!’ By Allah they gave you the right name; we are the believers (mu’mineen) and you are our Amir.” Since then, they started using this title in writing.” Ash-Shifa’ was the grandmother of Abu Bakr ibn Suleiman. After this the Muslims continued to call the Khulafaa’ after ‘Umar (ra) by this title.” [See also Bukhari, Adab al-Mufrad, #780].