《蜘蛛》(Al-Ankabut)

《蜘蛛》(Al-Ankabut) - 《古兰经》的荫庇之下 | Quran Course

因此,信仰是这章经的核心主题。在开篇经文之后不久,经文接连讲述了努哈、易卜拉欣、鲁特、舒阿卜、阿德人、塞莫德人、戈伦、法老和哈曼的故事,描述了在漫长的岁月中,召唤人们信仰的过程所遭遇的种种阻碍与考验。随后,本章对这些故事以及故事中显现出的那些与真理、信仰和神圣指引相对立的势力加以评论。经文表明,这些势力都微不足道。事实上,真主在恰当的时候毁灭了它们所有的人:"我们因他们的罪过而惩罚他们每一个人:我们降下一场致命的飓风袭击其中一些人;一些人被霹雳所震慑;一些人被我们使大地吞没;一些人被我们使之淹没。"(第40节)本章还作了一个比喻,显示了这些势力的软弱与无足轻重:"以真主之外的保护者自居的人,好比是蜘蛛为自己织了一座房子。的确,如果他们知道的话,蜘蛛的房子是最脆弱的房子。"(第41节)

Faith is, then, the sūrah’s central theme. Shortly after its opening verses, it relates aspects about Noah, Abraham, Lot, Shu`ayb, the `Ād, the Thamūd, Qārūn, Pharaoh and Hāmān, in quick succession, describing some of the impediments and tests that confronted the call to faith over many centuries. The sūrah then comments on these stories and the forces that appear through them to be lined up against truth, faith and divine guidance. It shows that all such forces are of little consequence. Indeed, God destroyed them all at the appropriate time: “We took each one of them to task for their sins: upon some of them We let loose a deadly storm wind; and some were overtaken by a blast; and some We caused to be swallowed by the earth; and some We caused to drown.” (Verse 40) The sūrah draws a comparison that shows the weakness and insignificance of such forces: “Those who take anyone other than God for their protectors may be compared to the spider which makes for itself a home. Indeed the spider’s home is the frailest of all homes, if they but knew it.” (Verse 41)

接着，这段经文断言了所有这些启示与穆罕默德（愿主福安之）的启示之间的统一性。它们都是真主所赐，并且都以同样的方式呼唤世人，劝导他们唯独信仰真主。此章接着论及真主从天上降示的最后启示，以及不信道者如何对待它，他们要求神迹。他们对这部《古兰经》以及其中所包含的慈悯与对信士的教诲并不满足。实际上，他们催促真主的惩罚降临，却很少留意地狱将会包围他们这一事实。他们在这一切中的逻辑是自相矛盾的："如果你问他们：'谁创造了天地，并使日月服从（祂的法则）？'他们必定会回答：'真主。'"（第61节）；"如果你问他们：'谁从天上降下雨水，使死去的大地重获生机？'他们必定会回答：'真主。'"（第63节），以及"当他们乘船出海时，他们只向真主祈祷，忠诚地只信仰祂。"（第65节）尽管如此，他们仍然继续以同祂并列，并迫害信士。

It then asserts the unity between all these messages and that of Muhammad (peace be upon him). They were all given by God, and they all call on people in the same way, urging them to believe in God alone. The sūrah goes on to speak about the last revelations bestowed from on high and how the unbelievers received it, demanding miracles. They are not satisfied with this book, the Qur’ān, and all it contains of mercy and reminders to believers. Indeed, they hasten the coming of God’s punishment, paying little credence to the fact that hell will encompass them. Their logic in all this is contradictory: “If you were to ask them: ‘Who is it that has created the heavens and the earth, and made the sun and the moon subservient [to His laws]?’ they will be sure to answer: ‘God.’“ (Verse 61); “If you were to ask them: ‘Who is it that sends water from the skies, thus giving life to the earth after it had been lifeless?’ they will be sure to answer: ‘God.’“ (Verse 63), and “When they embark on a ship, they call to God, sincere in their faith in Him alone.” (Verse 65) Despite all this, however, they continue to associate partners with God and to persecute the believers.

《蜘蛛》(Al-Ankabut)

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