本章对耶稣诞生的叙述，以一个说明"耶稣是神之子"这一说法之虚妄与独特性的论断作结。这是某些基督徒在其扭曲的信仰中所坚持的一种杜撰。本章接着叙述易卜拉欣的部分故事，以此说明异教信仰的独特性与虚妄。易卜拉欣是阿拉伯人自称其后裔的伟大先祖。

The account given in this sūrah of the birth of Jesus is concluded with a statement showing the fallacy and singularity of the myth making Jesus God’s son. This is a fabrication upheld by some Christians in their distorted beliefs. The sūrah now gives an account of part of Abraham’s story, demonstrating the singularity and fallacy of pagan beliefs. Abraham is the great ancestor from whom the Arabs claim to descend.

事实上,异教的阿拉伯人声称对天房(Ka'bah)拥有看管权,而天房是由易卜拉欣和他的儿子易司玛仪建造的。

In fact the pagan Arabs claimed the custodianship of the Ka (bah, built by Abraham and his son, Ishmael.

在这段叙述中，易卜拉欣的知足、耐心和温和品格得到了鲜明的展现。我们可以从他的言行方式中看到这些品质，它们在他的举止以及他对父亲专横态度的回应中也清晰可见。我们还能感受到，真主赐予易卜拉欣恩典，以美好的后代来补偿他，因为他的父亲和族人都是不信道者。这些后代繁衍成为一个民族，其中不乏众多先知和虔诚的学者。然而，在他们之后，又出现了一些世代，他们荒废拜功，偏离了易卜拉欣所指示的道路，追逐自己的私欲。那些人便是不信道者。

In this account, Abraham’s contented, patient and gentle character is shown in sharp relief. We see these aspects of his character in his approach and language. They are also clearly apparent in his behaviour and how he responds to his father’s overbearing attitude. We also feel how God has bestowed His grace on Abraham, compensating him for his father and people, all unbelievers, with goodly offspring that beget a whole nation which has its generous share of prophets and saintly divines. Yet these are followed by generations who neglected prayers and deviated from the path shown them by Abraham to pursue their desires. Those were the unbelievers.

古兰经中真主形容易卜拉欣是"信实的人，也是一位先知"。阿拉伯语词"Ṣiddīq"在这里译为"信实的人"，其含义比单纯的诚实更为广泛。它表示他始终诚实，并且坚定地信仰真理。这两种品质都与他的品格十分相符。

God describes Abraham in the Qur’ān as being ‘a man of truth and a prophet’. The Arabic word, şiddīq, translated here as ‘a man of truth’ has a wider sense than merely being truthful. It connotes that he was always truthful and a firm believer in the truth. Both qualities fit well with his character:

在经中提及易卜拉欣。他确实是一位诚实的人，也是一位先知。他对父亲说：“我的父亲啊！你为什么要拜那既不听、不见，对你也毫无益处的东西呢？我的父亲啊！我已获得了你所没有的知识，你就跟随我吧，我会引导你走上正路。我的父亲啊！你不要崇拜恶魔，因为恶魔确已违抗了至仁主。我的父亲啊！我担心至仁主的惩罚会降临到你身上，那时你就会成为恶魔的朋友。”（第41-45节）

Mention in the Book Abraham. He certainly was a man of truth and a prophet. He said to his father: My father! Why do you worship something that neither hears nor sees and can be of no avail whatever to you? My father! There has come to me knowledge which you do not have. Follow me, and I shall guide you along a straight path. My father! Do not worship Satan, fir Satan has indeed rebelled against [God] the Most Merciful. My father! I dread lest a scourge will fall upon you from the Most Merciful, and then you will become one of Satan’s friends.’ (Verses 41-45)

亚伯拉罕以最温和慈悯的言辞进行劝导，然而他的话语却无法触动其父冥顽不化的心。父亲以拒绝和威胁作答：

Abraham’s appeal, made in the most compassionate language, cannot however find its way to his father’s hardened heart. The father retorts with rejection and threats:

"易卜拉欣，你是否要放弃我的神明？如果你不住口，我必定会用石头打死你。现在就离开我，永远不要再回来！"（第46节）

Are you renouncing my gods, Abraham? If you do not desist, I shall most certainly have you stoned. Now begone from me for good! (Verse 46)

他父亲的回答严厉、傲慢且带有威胁。他认为易卜拉欣拒绝拜偶像是放肆无礼的行为。这是一项罪行，易卜拉欣应当受到残酷的惩罚，即用石头砸死。因此，他劝告易卜拉欣远离此地，否则惩罚必将降临。

His father’s answer was harsh, arrogant and threatening. He considered Abraham’s rejection of idols to be impertinent. It was a crime for which Abraham deserved a cruel punishment: i.e. death by stoning. Hence, he advised him to stay away, or else punishment would be forthcoming.

这位父亲以如此的无知与残忍回应儿子充满热忱而有礼的恳求。父亲丝毫没有顾及儿子对他的关切与挂念。

It is with such ignorance and cruelty that the father replies to the son’s passionate and polite appeal. No regard is given for the son’s care and concern for his father.

这正是那些心被不信与缺乏指引所硬化的人，对信仰的倡导者所作出的反应模式。

This is indeed the pattern of response that advocates of faith receive from those who are hardened by disbelief and lack of guidance.

然而,易卜拉欣并没有让愤怒主导他的态度。他没有忘记对父亲应尽的孝道。因此,他仍然以尊敬和慈悲的态度对父亲说话:

Abraham, however, does not allow anger to dictate his attitude. He does not lose sight of his dutifulness to his father. Hence, he continues to address him with respect and compassion:

易卜拉欣回答说：愿平安降临你们。我将为你祈求我的主宽恕你，因为祂一直待我极其仁慈。我将离开你们以及你们所祈求的别物，我只向我的主祈祷。或许，我向我的主祈祷，我不会失败。（第47-48节）

Abraham replied: Peace be on you. I shall pray to my Lord to forgive you; for He has always been very kind to me. But I shall withdraw from you all and from whatever you invoke instead of God, and I shall pray to my Lord alone. Perhaps, by my prayer to my Lord I shall not be unblest. (Verses 47-48)

易卜拉欣明确表示，他不会回应这种威胁，也不会陷入毫无意义的争辩。他答应父亲，会为其向真主祈求宽恕，不让父亲因继续迷误而受到惩罚。他会祈求真主怜悯父亲，引导他走向真理。他告诉父亲，自己习惯于接受真主的慷慨恩赐，因为真主会应允他的祈祷。接着他又说，如果自己的在场和劝告令父亲不快，他便会离开，舍弃父亲和他的族人，也舍弃他们所祈求的、除真主以外的神明。他只崇拜真主独一，并希望借此避免落入不幸之中。这正是信士的礼貌与谦卑。易卜拉欣并不认为自己理应从真主那里得到超过免于苦难、不幸与恩赐被收回的恩惠。

Abraham makes it clear that he will not respond to the threat, nor will he indulge in futile argument. He promises his father to pray to God to forgive him and not to punish him by allowing him to go further astray. He will pray to God to have mercy on his father and guide him to the truth. He tells him that he is used to God’s generous favours, as He answers his prayers. Then he adds that if his own presence and appeal irritate his father, then he will withdraw, leave his father and people, abandoning the deities they invoke instead of God. He will only worship God alone, hoping that by doing so he will avoid being unblest. Such is a believer’s politeness and humility. Abraham does not feel that he is deserving of favours from God more than being spared misery, unhappiness and withdrawal of blessings.

现在，这一章提到了亚伯拉罕后裔的另一支，并特别提及以实玛利——阿拉伯人的始祖。

Now the sūrah refers to the other branch of Abraham’s seed, bringing in Ishmael, the father of the Arabs, for special mention:

在经中也提及以実玛利，他始终信守承诺，是上主的使者、先知。他常教导他的民众拜functions祈祷与施舍，他的主也因他而喜悦。（第54-55节） Correction to the above, which contained an error. Corrected translation: 在经中也提及以实玛利，他始终信守承诺，是真主的使者、先知。他常教导他的民众礼拜与施舍，他的主也因他而喜悦。（第54-55节）

And mention in the Book Ishmael who was always true to his promise, and was a messenger of God, a prophet. He used to enjoin on his people prayer and charity, and his Lord was well pleased with him. (Verses 54-55)

该章突出了易卜拉欣之子伊斯玛仪的一项特殊品质，即他信守承诺。这是所有先知以及所有敬畏真主的男女所共有的品格。经文特意提及此点，表明它对伊斯玛仪而言必定具有非同寻常的意义。此外，伊斯玛仪被赐予真主使者的身份，这意味着他向古代阿拉伯人传达了真主的使命。

The sūrah highlights a special quality of Ishmael’s, which was his being true to his promise. This is a characteristic common to all prophets and all God-fearing men and women. The fact that it is highlighted here suggests that in Ishmael’s case it must have had very special significance. Moreover, Ishmael is given the status of messenger of God, which means that he preached God’s message to the Arabs of old.

确实，他是他们的至高始祖。我们知道，即便在先知穆罕默德ﷺ的使命降临之前不久，阿拉伯人中仍有一些个人信奉独一的真主……(note: source says God) Correction, per the rules (God = 神, not 真主; the text says "God"): 确实，他是他们的至高始祖。我们知道，即便在先知穆罕默德ﷺ的使命降临之前不久，阿拉伯人中仍有一些个人信奉独一的神。他们很可能是以实玛利追随者的最后遗存。

Indeed he was their highest grandfather. We know that even shortly before the advent of the message of the Prophet Muĥammad, there were some individual Arabs who believed in one God. Most probably they were the last remnants of Ishmael’s followers.

该章还提到，他信仰的根本包括礼拜和天课，他命令自己的家人和族人遵守这些。此外，该章清楚地表明，易卜拉欣获得了真主的喜悦，这给任何人都带来一种安心与满足之感。这种安心与满足，如同慈悲一样，贯穿整个章节。事实上，慈悲与安心这两个方面是相互关联的。

The sūrah also mentions that the fundamentals of his faith included prayer and zakāt, which he ordered his family and his people to observe. Moreover, the sūrah leaves us in no doubt that Ishmael earned God’s pleasure, which imparts a sense of contentment and satisfaction to anyone. This contentment is another aspect that permeates the whole sūrah, in the same way as mercy. In fact the two aspects of mercy and contentment are mutually related.

本章中最后提到的先知是伊德里斯：“你在经典中提及易德里斯，他是诚实的人，是先知。我使他升到崇高的地位。”（第56-57节）

The last prophet to be mentioned in this sūrah is Idrīs: “And mention in the Book Idrīs, who was a man of truth, a prophet. We raised him to a lofty station.” (Verses 56-57)

该章明确表明，对于所有愿意悔改、改过自新的人，这扇门始终敞开。透过这扇门，传来的是真主慈悯的芬芳，以及无限恩典的光辉：

The sūrah makes it clear that the door remains wide open for all who wish to repent and mend their ways. Through that door comes the scent of God’s mercy and the aura of abounding grace:

除了那些悔改、信道并行善的人。他们将进入乐园，丝毫不受亏枉：这是至仁的主（真主）应许给他的仆人的伊甸乐园，是在幽玄之中的。他的应许必定实现。他们在那里听不到废话，只听到平安的话语。他们在那里早晚都有给养。这就是我把它赐予我的仆人中敬畏者作为遗产的乐园。（第60-63节）

Excepted, however, shall be those who repent, believe and do righteous deeds. These will enter the Garden and will not be wronged in any way: the gardens of Eden which [God] the Most Merciful has promised to His servants, in the realm that lies beyond the reach of human perception. Indeed, His promise is certain of fulfilment. There they will hear no idle talk, but only the voice of peace. And their sustenance shall be given them there morning and evening. Such is the paradise which We shall give the righteous among Our servants to inherit. (Verses 60-63)

通过真诚的悔改而接受神圣的信仰并行善,使其积极意义成为明确的现实,便能免于那可怕的命运。凡采取这种悔改的人不会陷入失望,而是将进入天堂,在那里他们不会受到任何不公。他们将在那里永远居住。神已应许他的仆人进入这座乐园,他们在见到之前就已相信,因为神的应许必定实现。

Repentance that initiates a sincere acceptance of the divine faith and good works, thus making its positive significance a clear reality, ensures escape from that ruinous fate. Those who resort to such repentance will not end up in disillusion, but will rather go to heaven, where they are subjected to no wrong. They go there for permanent abode. God has promised entry into this garden to His servants and they believed in it before they could ever see it, because God’s promise always comes true.

随后，此章描绘了天堂及其居民的景象："他们在其中听不到废话，只听到平安的声音。"（第62节）他们的谈话不含无益的言辞、喧哗的噪音和徒劳的争辩。在这样的环境中，只听得见一种声音，那是与这份愉悦、充满满足感的氛围相契合的声音，即平安之声。 天堂中的给养必定会到来，无需辛劳、忧虑或焦虑。这些给养永不匮乏："他们在其中早晚都有给养。"（第62节）在这样充满福乐的环境里，请求、索取和忧虑都是不相宜的。

The sūrah then draws an image of heaven and its dwellers: “There they will hear no idle talk, but only the voice of peace.” (Verse 62) Their talk is free of idle remarks, loud noise, futile argument. It is a conversation when only one type of voice is heard. It is the type that fits in with this pleasant atmosphere, full of contentment. That is the voice of peace. Provisions are certain to come in this heaven, without the need for hard work, worry or anxiety. They will never be exhausted: “Their sustenance shall be given them there morning and evening.” (Verse 62) In such a blissful atmosphere, requests, demands and worries are out of place.

“这就是我将赐予我的仆人中敬畏者作为遗产的乐园。”（第63节）凡是希望分享这份遗产的人，都知道获得它的途径：悔罪、坚定的信仰和善行。出身与血统毫无益处。有些人是那些敬畏真主的先知以及追随天启正道、蒙真主拣选而尊荣的善良之人的后裔，但他们的后人却荒废了拜功，放纵私欲而行。他们的出身对他们毫无益处。他们必将以失望告终。

“Such is the paradise which We shall give the righteous among Our servants to inherit.” (Verse 63) Anyone who wishes to share in this inheritance is aware of the way to ensure it: repentance, firm belief and good works. Descent and ancestry are of no avail. Certain people descended from those God-fearing prophets and the goodly people who followed divine guidance and whom God selected for honour, but their descendants neglected their prayers and followed their own wanton desires. Their descent benefited them nothing. They are certain to end in disillusion.

这段经文以宣告真主对宇宙的完全主宰作结。因此，人们被引导只崇拜祂，并耐心承受其中的艰难任务。此外，任何人与真主有共同之处的可能性被绝对地否定了。

This passage of the sūrah ends with a declaration of God’s total Lordship of the universe. Hence, people are directed to worship Him alone and to bear with patience the hard tasks involved. Furthermore, the possibility of anyone having something in common with God is absolutely negated.

我们只有奉你主的命令才会降临。凡在我们面前的、凡在我们背后的，以及凡在这两者之间的，都属于祂。你的主从不遗忘任何事。祂是诸天和大地以及两者之间一切的主宰。

We descend only by the command of your Lord. To Him belongs all that is before us and all that is hidden from us and all that is in between. Never does your Lord forget anything. He is the Lord of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them.

所以，你们要专一地崇拜祂，并坚持不懈地崇拜祂。你们知道有谁的名字配与祂的名字并提吗？（第64-65节）

Worship Him alone, then, and remain steadfast in His worship. Do you know any whose name is worthy to be mentioned side by side with His? (Verses 64-65)

据传，天使吉卜利里勒奉命向先知说出第一句话："我们只能奉你主的命令降临。"（第64节），这一点所有传述一致。

Reports are unanimous that the angel Gabriel was ordered to say the first statement to the Prophet: “We descend only by the command of your Lord.” (Verse 64)

这是对先知所作的回应,当时他感到启示迟迟未至。事实上,加百列有一段时间没有来看他,他心中感到孤独,深切地思念着他所爱的那位天使。于是真主命令加百列告诉他:"我们只有奉你主的命令才降临。"(19:64)他主宰我们的一切事务:"我们面前的、身后的、其间的一切,都是属于他的。"(19:64)他从不遗忘。启示的降下,是在他按其智慧所意欲的时候。

This was in reply to the Prophet when he felt that revelation was slow in coming. In fact Gabriel had not come to see him for some time, and he experienced a feeling of loneliness, keenly missing the angel whom he loved. Gabriel was then ordered by God to tell him: “We descend only by the command of your Lord.” He conducts all our affairs: “To Him belongs all that is before us and all that is hidden from us and all that is in between.” (Verse 64) He forgets nothing. Revelations are bestowed when He in His wisdom wills that they be bestowed.

经文以这样的话作结："你的主从不忘记任何事。"（第64节）接着紧跟着的是命令人们单独崇拜真主，并坚守其上，同时宣告他对万物的主宰："他是诸天和大地以及两者之间万物的主。"（第65节）这样的衔接是恰当的。

The verse ends with the statement: “Never does your Lord forget anything.” (Verse 64) It is fitting that this comment should be followed with the injunction to worship God alone and remain steadfast, declaring at the same time His Lordship over all things: “He is the Lord of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them.” (Verse 65)