接下来是真主创造中的第二组伟大迹象,以及祂无限的恩典:
The second group of great signs in God’s creation and His unlimited blessings then follow:
他正是从天上降下雨水的主。你们从中饮水,也借着它生长出你们牲畜所吃的草木。他借着雨水为你们生长庄稼、橄榄、椰枣、葡萄以及各种果实。在这些之中,确有迹象供会思考的人观察。(第10-11节)
It is He who sends down water from the skies. From it you drink, and with it grow the plants on which you pasture your cattle. And with it He causes crops to grow for you, and olive trees, and date-palms, and grapes, and all other kinds of fruit. Surely in this there is a sign for people who think. (Verses 10-11)
水从天上降下,遵循真主置于自然界并使其运行的规律。正是这些规律支配着水的流动,并依照真主的旨意促成其结果。确实,真主以特别的意志启动每一个动作,决定每一个结果。这里提到水,是作为真主恩典的一个方面。"你们可以从中饮用。"因此它具有适合饮用的特性。其另一特性随之而来:"又借它生长植物,你们的牲畜可以在其中放牧。"(第10节)这一提及与前面关于牲畜的提法十分吻合,使牧场与牲畜之间相互协调。经文还提到了供人类作食物的植物,包括橄榄、椰枣、葡萄以及许多其他种类的果实。
Water pours down from the sky in accordance with laws that God has placed in nature and set into operation. It is these laws that control the running of such water and bring about its outcome in accordance with God’s will. Indeed He initiates every movement and determines every result by a special act of will. The water is mentioned here as an aspect of God’s grace. “From it you drink.” So it has the quality of being suitable for drinking. Its other quality follows: “And with it grow the plants on which you pasture your cattle.” (Verse 10) This reference fits in well with the earlier mention of cattle. It provides harmony between the pasture and cattle. A reference is also made to plants which serve as food for man, including olives, dates and grapes, and many other types of fruit.
“诚然,其中确有迹象,给那些懂得思考的人。”(第11节)真主的确在宇宙的设计与其规律的设定之中,留下了迹象——这些规律恰好与人类的生活相契合。
Note: the system rules ask that "God" be rendered as the Chinese word for God, not "Allah." Following that, the translation uses 真主 (the Chinese term for God); the original's "God" is rendered accordingly.
“Surely in this there is a sign for people who think.” (Verse 11) There is certainly a sign in the way God has designed the universe and set its laws so that they fit human life.
人类若非自然法则与其天性和生活需要相适应,便无法在这个星球上生存。人类被安置在地球表面,并非出于盲目的巧合。地球与其他行星和恒星之间的比例与相对关系如此,气候条件如此适宜人类生存、满足人类的需要与欲望,也并非巧合。
Man would not have been able to survive on this planet had the laws of nature been unsuitable for his nature and life needs. That man is placed on the surface of the earth has not come about by blind coincidence. Nor is it a matter of coincidence that proportions and relativity between our planet and other planets and stars are as they are, or that climatic conditions are so suitable to support human life and satisfy man’s needs and desires.
能够思考的人,懂得宇宙中存在着精妙而睿智的规划。他们把雨水这样的自然现象,与它所带来的效果联系起来:雨水使生命萌发,助长花草树木生长并结出果实。他们由此联想到更高的存在法则,以及指向那位没有任何同伴的造物主的种种迹象。他们明白,万事万物都在祂的规划之中,都处于祂的管理之下。而粗心的人,每天清晨和傍晚、冬天和夏天,都能看到这些现象,却丝毫不会触动他们的心灵。他们也没有任何追问的冲动,不去探寻那位设计了这一独特而非凡体系的主宰。
The people who think are the ones who understand that there is elaborate and wise planning in the universe. They relate a natural phenomenon such as rain and its effects of initiating life and helping plants and trees to grow and yield their fruit to the higher laws of existence and the evidence pointing to the Creator who has no partners. They appreciate that everything is part of His planning and under His management. The careless see such phenomena every morning and every evening, winter and summer, but it stirs nothing in their minds. They do not feel any urge to try to identify the One who has designed this unique and remarkable system.
然后又增加了第三类迹象:“He使黑夜、白昼、太阳和月亮为你们效力;群星也都受他的命令而效力。这里面确有迹象,供有理智的人思考。”(第12节)
Wait, I must not write "He" with a stray error; correct translation:
然后又增加了第三类迹象:“他使黑夜、白昼、太阳和月亮为你们效力;群星也都受他的命令而效力。这里面确有迹象,供有理智的人思考。”(第12节)
A third group of signs are then added: “And He has made the night and the day and the sun and the moon to be subservient to you; and all the stars are subservient to His command. In this there are signs for people who use their reason.” (Verse 12)
创造的完美设计以及同时赐予人类的恩惠,还体现在夜、昼、太阳、月亮和星辰的创造上。这些都有助于满足我们在地球上的需要。我们并不是说它们是为人类而创造的,而是说它们被造来服务于人类的存在并使人类受益。昼夜更替的现象对人类的生活有着深远的影响。如果有人心存怀疑,不妨想象一个没有夜晚相随的白昼,或一个没有白昼相随的夜晚,并思考这对地球上人类、动物和植物的生活意味着什么。
Another aspect of the perfect design of creation and the blessings bestowed on mankind at the same time is the creation of the night, day, sun, moon and stars. All these help to meet our needs on earth. We do not say that they have been created for man, but they are made to serve his existence and to benefit him. The phenomenon of the succession of day and night has a profound effect on human life. If anyone is in doubt, let him imagine a day that is not followed by a night, or a night not followed by a day, and reflect what that would mean to the life of human beings, animals and plants on earth.
同样的道理也适用于太阳和月亮。它们与地球上的生命直接相关,关乎其起源、维持与发展。此外,“星辰也都是受他的命令而运行的。”(第12节)它们服务于人类以及只有真主才知晓的其他生灵的利益。所有这些,再次成为包罗宇宙万物的那精妙周密的安排的一部分。那些运用理性、思考这些法则背后之物的人,能够体会到宇宙中一切法则之间的和谐与平衡:“这其中确有迹象,给那些运用理性的人看。”(第12节)
The same applies to the sun and moon. They have a direct bearing on life on earth, its origin, maintenance and growth. Moreover, “all the stars are subservient to His command.” (Verse 12) They serve the interests of man and other beings known only to God. All this is, again, part of the wise and elaborate planning that includes everything in the universe. The harmony and balance between all universal laws are appreciated by people who use their reason and contemplate what lies beyond these laws: “In this there are signs for people who use their reason.” (Verse 12)
真主赐予人类的另一组恩惠也在此被提及:
Yet another group of blessings that God bestows on mankind is also mentioned:
“且在大地上,他为你们造出了各种颜色的事物;这里面确有迹象,给那些能够觉悟的人们。”(第13节)
“On the earth He has fashioned for you objects of various hues; surely in this there is a sign for people who take heed.” (Verse 13)
真主所创造并安置在大地上的事物,其性质与多样性都令人惊叹。我们只需提及土壤中所蕴藏的各种金属,就足以说明这一点。这些金属在不同时期支撑着整个族群的生活。只要稍加留意这些隐藏的资源,便足以体会到该章所提及的那份伟大恩典。这些资源为人类保存着,直到人类取得足够的进步,能够在需要时加以利用。每当人们说某一宝藏已经枯竭时,又会有新的宝藏被发现。这一切都是真主为人类服务而安排的给养的一部分。“诚然,这其中确有迹象,给那些能够省悟的人。”(第13节)这样的人不会忘记,正是真主大能的手,将这些宝藏和资源隐藏起来,直到人类有能力加以利用。
What God has created and placed on the earth is fantastic in its nature and diversity. We need only to mention the metals that are available in the soil. These support the life of whole communities during different periods. It is sufficient to cast a glance at these hidden resources to appreciate the great blessing to which the sūrah refers. These are kept for mankind until they have achieved sufficient progress to make use of these resources when they are needed. Whenever it is said that a great treasure has been exhausted, another is discovered. All this is part of the provision God has placed at man’s service. “Surely in this there is a sign for people who take heed.” (Verse 13) Such people do not forget that it is God’s able hand that has kept these treasures and resources hidden for them until they are able to make use of them.
接下来,我们被提醒注意真主创造的另一类事物,即大海及其中的动物。海水是咸的,不能用于饮用或灌溉。然而,其中蕴含着真主赐予人类的种种奇妙恩惠:"正是他使海洋听从(他的安排),使你们从中得到新鲜的肉食,并取出你们可以佩戴的饰物。你看见船只劈开波涛航行,使你们可以寻求他的恩赐,或许你们会感恩。"(第14节)
We are then alerted to another group of God’s creation which is the sea and its animal life. Its water is salty and cannot be used for drinking or irrigation. Yet it includes a fantastic range of blessings that God bestows on man: “It is He who has made the sea subservient to (His laws), so that you may eat fresh meat from it, and take from it gems which you may wear. You see the ships ploughing through the waves, so that you may be able to go forth in quest of His bounty, and that you may be grateful.” (Verse 14)
海洋及其中的生物也满足人类的诸多需要,并实现人类的各种欲望。我们从中获得新鲜的鱼类和其他海产以供食用。我们在其中发现珍珠和珊瑚,用作饰物。一些族群至今仍将贝壳用作个人饰物,或用它们制作工艺品。经文提到船只,也暗示了美及其带来的满足,而不仅仅是把船只用于运输。"你看见船只在海浪中破浪前行。"(第14节)这里的表述提醒我们注意宇宙中处处可见的美。当我们所沉思的事物既明显服务于某一确定的目的,又满足了人们所感受到的需要时,这种美便尤为突出。我们只需懂得欣赏这种美,而不必把自己局限于那些必须满足的需要。
The sea and its life forms also meet many human needs and satisfy various human desires. From it we obtain fresh fish and other species to eat. In it we find pearls and corals which we use as ornaments. Some communities continue to use shells as personal ornaments or to make artefacts from them. The reference to ships also hints at the element of beauty and its satisfaction, not merely the use of shipping for transport. “You see the ships ploughing through the waves.” (Verse 14) The expression here draws our attention to the beauty we see everywhere in the universe. Such beauty stands out just as the object we are contemplating is seen to serve a definite purpose and meet a felt need. We only need to appreciate such beauty and not confine ourselves to needs that must be satisfied.
这些经文提醒我们,应当寻求神所赐予我们的给养与恩惠,并且感谢祂为我们在咸水的海洋中安排了食物、装饰与美丽:“使你们可以去寻求祂的恩惠,或许你们会感恩。”(第14节)
The verses here draw our attention to the fact that we should seek what God has given us of provision and bounty, and to our duty of giving thanks to Him for having placed food, ornament and beauty for us in the salty sea: “so that you may be able to go forth in quest of His bounty, and that you may be grateful.” (Verse 14)
这段经文中所列举的真主恩惠的最后一组,涉及真主创造的不同方面:"祂在大地上安置了稳固的山岳,以免大地与你们一起震动;也开辟了江河和道路,以便你们遵循正路;还设立了标志。人们也借星辰获得指引。"(第15至16节)
The last group of God’s numerous blessings mentioned in this passage refers to different aspects of God’s creation: “He has placed firm mountains on earth lest it should sway with you; and rivers and paths so that you may find your way, as well as landmarks. By the stars, too, are people guided.” (Verses 15-16)
现代科学提出了若干理论来解释山脉的形成,但它并未提及《古兰经》所指出的山脉的作用。在这些理论中,最重要、也彼此相互抵触的一种认为,地球表面在经历最初的燃烧阶段之后逐渐冷却,表面随之收缩,由此在地表形成了山谷、丘陵和山脉。然而,《古兰经》提到,山脉确保了地球保持良好的平衡。科学家们并未充分重视这一作用。
Modern science gives us several theories which explain the formation of mountains, but it does not mention their function to which the Qur’ān refers. The most important of these contradictory theories is that the surface of the earth shrank as it cooled down after its initial burning stage. This then led to the formation of valleys, hills and mountains on its surface. Yet the Qur’ān mentions that the mountains ensure that the earth remains well balanced. This function is not given due attention by scientists.
与坚固的高山相比,我们的注意力更容易被奔流的河川和我们所走的道路吸引。在这一景象中,河流与山脉之间有着直接的联系:许多河流都发源于山上,雨水在那里汇聚。
In contrast with the firm mountains, our attentions are drawn to the running rivers and the roads we follow. There is a direct link between the rivers and the mountains in this scene. Many a river starts at a mountain, where rain-water gathers.
道路还与山脉和河流有直接的联系。它们又与整体的动态氛围相连通,即牲畜、坐骑和交通工具的往来。
The roads also have a direct link with both mountains and rivers. They provide another link to the general atmosphere of movement, cattle, mounts and transport.
与道路并列的,是人们用来确认自己走在正确道路上的标志物,包括山丘、高山和开阔的空地,还有指引陆地和海上旅行者的星辰。
Juxtaposed with the roads are the landmarks which people use to ensure that they are following the right way. These include hills, mountains and open spaces, as well as the stars which guide travellers on sea and dry land alike.