不可避免的真相！什么是不可避免的真相？但愿你知道什么是不可避免的真相！（第1-3节）

The Inevitable Truth! What is the Inevitable Truth? Would that you knew what the Inevitable Truth is! (Verses 1-3)

本章大部分篇幅描述复活日的景象、图像与事件。这一点从章名"al-Haqqah"(必然发生的真相)本身就能看出。此名既取其含义,也取其音韵。"al-Haqqah"意为必将降临并已然发生之事,意为不可避免并将作出裁决之事,亦意为将真相彰显之事。这些含义明确而坚定,与本章的主题和走向相契合。如前所述,所选章名带有强烈的节奏感,与本章的含义相和谐,并有助于营造所要表达的氛围。

Most of this surah is taken up with scenes, images and events of the resurrection. Indeed, the surah's very title al-Haqqah, or the Inevitable Truth resounds with the same. It is a name chosen for both its meaning and the sounds it delivers. Al-Hdqqah is something that falls due and then takes place, or it becomes inevitable and puts forward its judgement, or it manifests the truth. All these meanings are clear and decisive, fitting with the subject matter and drift of the surah. As we have already stated, the name chosen provides a powerful beat, one that is in harmony with the surah's meaning and which contributes to the intended atmosphere.

它让我们为即将降临在不信道者身上的事情做好准备，无论是在今世还是在后世。

It prepares us for what is about to befall the unbelievers in this world and in the life to come.

整个章节的氛围庄重、坚定，充满敬畏与惧怕。除了我们在序言中所说的之外，它让我们感受到一方面是真主至高无上的权能，另一方面是人的无能为力。它提到，如果人偏离真主希望人所遵行的生活准则，真主的权能便能在今世和后世严厉地追究他。这准则正是真主的使者们为世人所阐明的。这一准则并非为了让人忽视或抛弃而设立，而是为了让人敬重并付诸实践。否则，真主痛苦的惩罚随时都可能降临。

The ambience throughout the surah is one of seriousness, firmness, awe and fear. In addition to what we have said in the Prologue, it imparts to us a feeling of Gods absolute power on the one hand and mans powerlessness on the other. It mentions how Gods power can firmly take man to task, in this world and in the next, should he deviate from the code of living God wants man to implement. It is the code Gods messengers outlined for people. This code is not laid down so that it can be ignored or abandoned; it is there to be respected and put into practice. Otherwise, Gods painful punishment may be meted out at any time.

这一章的用词本身，其声音、含义与结构，都在营造这种氛围。此章以一个阿拉伯词开头：al-Ḥāqqah，此处译为“必然的真相”。它单独被提出，作为一个没有谓语的主语。随后是一个问句，强调所指的事件极其重大。这一问句之后，又笼罩上一层神秘的气氛，使这一主题脱离人类认知的范围：“你怎能知道必然的真相是什么呢？”（第3节）然而，此章并没有回答这个问题。相反，它让我们对这一我们一无所知的可畏事件感到震撼。的确，我们对它一无所知，因为它超出了我们的认知。

The words used here, their very sound, meaning and construction contribute to this ambience. The surah starts with one Arabic word, al- Hdqqah, translated here as ‘the Inevitable Truth*. It is mentioned on its own as a subject that has no predicate. This is followed by a question that emphasizes the fact that the event referred to is extremely grave. This question is followed by the spreading of an air of mystery, so as to take the subject matter out of the area of man s knowledge, “ Would that you knew what the Inevitable Truth is!"(Verse 3) The surah, however, does not answer the question. Instead, it leaves us stirring at this awesome event about which we know nothing. Indeed, we cannot know anything about it because it is beyond our knowledge.

该章以叙述不信道的各个民族所遭遇的可怕下场开篇。他们都受到了果断而迅速的惩处，因为所涉及的问题极为严重，不容否认。那些坚持否认者无法逃脱惩罚：

The surah begins with an account of the terrible fates met by different communities of unbelievers. They were all dealt with in a decisive and swift manner because the issue in question is very serious and does not allow denial. Those who persist with such denial cannot escape punishment:

thamud和(Ad否认了那必然发生的大难。赛莫德人被一场排山倒海的灾难毁灭，而阿德人则被一阵狂暴呼啸的风毁灭，真主使这风对他们肆虐了七个夜晚和八个连续的日子。你可以看到他们的人倒毙在地，就像空心棕榈树的倒伏树干一样。你现在还能看到他们的任何痕迹吗？（第4-8节）

The people of Thamud and (Ad denied the Striker. The Thamud were destroyed by an overwhelming event, while the (Ad were destroyed by a furiously howling wind, which He caused to rage upon them for seven nights and eight decisive days. You could see their people lying dead, like uprooted trunks of hollow palm trees. Can you see any trace of them now? (Verses 4-8)

《盖里尔》，即审判日的另一名称，与《必至之事》相呼应。这意味着它不仅真实且必然发生，而且如同两块坚硬之物相互撞击般猛烈袭来。《盖里尔》使人心充满恐怖，并给宇宙以毁灭性的打击。它的声音本身就响彻震耳，将周围的一切和所有人碾碎。塞莫德人和阿德人都否认它，说它并不真实。那么，让我们看看这种否认的结局如何：

Al-Qari'ah, or The Striker, is another name for Resurrection Day, complementing as it does al-Hdqqah, the Inevitable Truth. This means that in addition to its being true and inevitable, it also strikes like two solid objects hammering against each other. The Striker inflicts hearts with terror and delivers a crushing blow upon the universe. By its very sound, it strikes loudly, crushing everything and everyone around. Both the Thamud and the ‘Ad denied it, saying that it was untrue. Let us see then what the result of such denial was:

"Thamud was destroyed by an overwhelming event." (Verse 5) As mentioned elsewhere in the Qur'an, the people of Thamud used to live in the area of al-Hijr to the north of Hijaz, close to today's Palestine. Chinese translation: "塞муд人是被一场摧毁一切的大灾难所消灭的。"（第5节）正如《古兰经》其他地方所提及的，赛莫德人过去居住在希贾兹以北的哈吉尔地区，靠近今天的巴勒斯坦。

“ The Thamud were destroyed by an overwhelming event.” (Verse 5) As mentioned elsewhere in the Qur’an, the people of Thamud used to live in the area of al-Hijr to the north of Hijaz, close to todays Palestine.

他们被一场在别处被称为“震撼性爆炸”的事件所毁灭。

They were destroyed by an event named elsewhere as a 'stunning blast'.

这里，该章并未提及这场爆炸，而是将其描述为"震撼性的事件"，因为这更符合该章所具有的那种灾难性氛围。此外，阿拉伯语词"Tughyah"（طغية）所带来的音韵，也与本段经文的结尾相吻合。这一简短的单节经文足以把赛莫德人完全吞没，不留下任何痕迹。

Here, the surah does not mention this blast but rather describes it as an 'overwhelming event', as this fits better with the atmosphere of catastrophe that characterizes the surah. Moreover, the note the Arabic word tdghiyah strikes is consistent with the verse endings in the present passage. This short single verse is enough to completely engulf the Thamud, leaving no trace of them.

所有这些毁灭与灾难，与击打者、不可避免的真相相比，似乎极为渺小。那些否认者虽然亲眼见过先前否认它的民族所遭受的遭遇，却仍然否认它。这些遭遇本身虽是可怕的灾难，但与击打者在众人共同见证的那一天所带来的彻底浩劫相比，却是有限的。这部章节以总体的方式描绘了这种可怖之事之后，接着详细描述其具体情形：

All such devastation and catastrophe seems, however, to be exceedingly small when compared to the horrors of the Striker, the Inevitable Truth, which those unbelievers deny, even though they have seen what befell earlier communities that denied it. These fates, terrible catastrophes in their own right, are of a limited nature compared to the absolute calamity that the Striker brings about on the day to be witnessed by all. Having thus introduced this horror in general terms, the surah now portrays its details:

当号角被吹响一次，大地与群山被举起，并被一次猛烈的撞击压成平地，那必然会发生的事，就在那一天降临。天空将被撕裂，因为它在那一天将变得脆弱。众天使将站立在天空的各个方位，那一天，将有八位天使托起你们主的宝座。（第13至17节）

When the trumpet is sounded a single time, and the earth and mountains are lifted up and with one mighty crash are flattened, that which is certain to happen will on that day have come to pass. The sky will be rent asunder, for, it will have become frail on that day. The angels will stand on all its sides and, on that day, eight of them will bear aloft the Throne of your Lord. (Verses 13-17)

我们相信，号角将被吹响一次，随之而来的将是这些事件。然而，我们并不知道其中的任何细节，因为这些事件属于一个我们除这些经文之外毫无所知的世界。我们没有其他可以参考的来源。而且，任何进一步的细节都无助于增加这些陈述的意义。试图去了解这类细节是徒劳的，我们也被告诫不要去这样做。号角吹响一次时，将会发生一场巨大的震动：“大地和山岳被举起，然后一下子被击碎、夷为平地”（第14节）。大地与山岳被高高举起、然后抛下并被碾碎、铺平的景象，实在令人极为震撼。我们安然地行走在大地之上，感到它稳固地立于其位；我们望着山峦，感受到它们是如此稳定、牢牢地矗立着。然而，二者都会被举起并猛然抛落，就像孩童手中的一个皮球。在如此伟大的力量面前，人会感到多么渺小，他所处的世界又是多么微不足道。

We believe that there will be a single sounding of the trumpet and that this will be followed by these events. We do not know any details, however, because these events belong to a world about which we have no information except these texts. We have no other source to refer to. Moreover, no further details can add to the significance of these statements. To try to learn such details is a useless exercise which we are instructed not to resort to. When the trumpet is sounded once, a huge movement will take place: “the earth and mountains are lifted up and with one mighty crash are flattened? (Verse 14) The image of the earth and the mountains being lifted high and thrown so that they are crushed and levelled is absolutely terrifying. We walk over the earth in peace and reassurance, feeling that it is firm in its position. We look at the mountains and feel how stable and firmly placed they are. Yet both are lifted and sent crashing, as if they were a ball in a child’s hand. How small man must feel, and how small is his world, compared with such great power.

当这一切发生时,会怎样呢?这正是本章所说的:“那必然会发生的事,在那一日就要发生了。”(第15节)必然发生的,就是复活日。它有许多名称,例如“al-Hdqqah”,即“必然的真相”;“al-Qdri'ah”,即“震撼者”;“al-Wdqilah”,即“必然降临者”,仿佛其必然发生已成为它本质的一部分。这里使用最后这个名称是有意为之,旨在给人一种特定的印象,以对抗一切怀疑与否认。然而,这还不是全部。天空也将受到严重影响:“那一日,天必崩裂,因为它将变得脆弱。”(第16节)我们无法确定此处的“天”究竟指什么,但这段经文以及其他提及那大日子上天象变化的经文,都在描述维持宇宙按照精确而奇妙的计划运行的秩序的崩溃。一旦这完美的秩序崩溃,其各个部分都将陷入混乱。

这一章现在呈现了两幅画面：一幅是成功者，一幅是失败者。这同样是以仿佛正在此刻发生的方式来呈现的。

The surah now presents two images, one of the winners and one of the losers. This is again done as though it is happening at this very instant:

至于接过自己记录之书于右手的人，他会说："来吧，你们都来读读我的记录吧！我确信我将会面对我的清算。" 9 他将在一种喜乐的生活中，身处高处的乐园里，园中的果实触手可及。（"你们为过去的日子所做的善功，现在就放开来吃喝吧，尽情享用吧。"）（第19-24节）

He who is given his record in his right hand will say, ‘Come you all! Read this my record. I certainly knew that one day I would have to face my account. 9 He will be in a happy state of life, in a lofty garden, with its fruits within easy reach. (Eat and drink to your heart's content as a reward for what you have done in days gone by' (Verses 19-24)

用右手或左手接过自己的记录簿，或从背后接过，可能是陈述一个客观事实，也可能是一种习语性表达，遵循阿拉伯语的通行规则，即以右代表善的方向，以左或背后代表恶的方向。无论属于哪一种情况，其含义都是相同的。这一点不值得争论，因为任何此类争论都会破坏这个庄严之日所发生之事的效果。我们在此看到的，是一个接过自己记录簿、意识到自己已经获胜的人。当日的艰辛已经过去，他欢喜地穿行于庞大的人群之中。他的喜悦溢于言表，他向所有人呼喊："你们都来！读一读我的记录吧！"（第19节）在他难以抑制的喜悦中，他说自己从未想到会被宽恕。他原以为必须清算自己的行为，而那就意味着痛苦。 有一段圣训记载，阿伊莎引述先知ﷺ的话说："凡是被清算的人，必将受到惩罚。"随后她问先知ﷺ："那么，当真主说：'接过记录簿于右手的人，将受到宽松的清算，并欢喜地回到他的家人那里！'（84:7-9）这又如何解释呢？"先知ﷺ说："这只是指呈现而言。"

Taking ones record with one’s right or left hand, or behind one’s back may be a statement expressing a material fact, or it may be an idiomatic expression, following standard rules of Arabic as it refers to the good direction as the right and the evil one as the left or the back. Whichever may be the case, the meaning remains the same. It merits no argument as any such argument spoils the effect of what takes place on this awesome day. What we see here is a person who is given his record and realizes that he has won. The hardship of the day is gone, and he moves along, overjoyed, among the great multitude. His happiness overflows and he calls to all people, saying: “Come you all! Read this my record” (Verse 19) In his overwhelming delight, he says that he never thought that he would be spared. He expected to have to account for his deeds, and that means suffering. As one hadlth states, ‘A’ishah quotes the Prophet as saying: “Whoever is held to account will be tormented.” She then asked the Prophet: “How come, when God says: 'He who is given his record in his right hand will in time have a lenient reckoning and return rejoicing to his people!” (84: 7-9) He said: “This merely speaks of presentation.

“凡在审判日被询问其所作所为的人，必将遭受毁灭。”[由布哈里、穆斯林、艾布·达乌德和提尔米兹圣训实录。] 另一段经由艾布·奥斯曼传述的记载称：“信士将在右手中接过他的功过簿，真主庇护他。他先读自己的恶行。每读到一条负面的记录，他的脸色就变一次；接着他开始读自己的善行，脸色又恢复了光彩。他环顾四周，发现自己的恶行已被善行所取代。此时，这个人便向所有人呼喊，请他们来阅读他的功过簿。” 这段传述出自圣门弟子、乌侯德战役中殉教的阿卜杜拉·伊本·汉宰拉。

Whoever is questioned about his deeds on the Day of Judgement will indeed be in ruin.” [Related by al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi.J Another report on the authority of Abu ‘Uthman states: “A believer is given his record in his right hand where God gives him shelter. He reads first his bad deeds. Every time he reads such a negative item, his colour changes, then he begins to read his good deeds and his face regains its colour. He looks around and finds that his bad deeds have been replaced by good ones. It is at this point that such a person calls out to all people to come and read his record.” It is reported on the authority of ‘Abdullah ibn Hanzalah, a Companion of the Prophet who was a martyr in the Battle of Uhud:

但是，那被将记录放在左手中的人将会说："我真希望从未被给予我的记录，也不知道我的清算！我真希望死亡就是我的终结！我的财富没有给我带来任何益处。我的权势也已全然消失。" {"拿住他，给他戴上枷锁，把他投入火狱中焚烧，然后用七十肘长的链条把他缚住。"}他从前不信独一的真主，也从不鼓励供养穷困的人。所以今天他在这里没有任何朋友，也没有任何食物，只有罪人才吃的脓血。（第25至37节）

But he who is given his record in his left hand will say, 'Would that I had never been shown my record and knew nothing of my account! Would that death had been the end of me! Nothing has my wealth availed me. I am now bereft of all my power.9 'Lay hold of him and shackle him, and bum him in the fire of hell, and then fasten him in a chain seventy cubits long.9 He did not believe in God Almighty, and he never encouraged feeding the needy. So, no friend has he here today, nor any food except the filth that none other than the sinners eat. (Verses 25-37)

"但那些左手接过记录簿的人"，他们知道自己的恶行被记在账上，就会明白自己的命运是痛苦的。

"But he who is given his record in his left hand” and knows that his bad deeds are reckoned against him realizes that his fate is one of suffering.

他站在这伤痛满怀、心碎神伤的庞大人群之中。他将说："但愿我从未被给予我的记录，也从未知晓我的清算！但愿死亡就是终结！我的财富对我毫无益处。我的权势也已全然消失。"（第25-29节）

He stands among this great multitude full of sorrow, broken. He will say: " Would that I had never been shown my record and knew nothing of my account! Would that death had been the end of me! Nothing has my wealth availed me. I am now bereft of all my power.” (Verses 25-29)

他的哀叹绵长，语调凄苦，言辞绝望。

Long is his lamentation, miserable his tone and desperate his words.

这一章详细描绘了那人的悔恨，聆听者几乎能感受到他无尽的哀叹。这正是《古兰经》风格的另一面：有些情景被详尽描述，有些则只作简短交代，取决于经文想要达到的效果。在这里，经文想要让这幅哀叹的画面在我们眼前鲜活起来，使我们深切地感受到它，因此对其细节着墨甚多。我们看到这个可悲的人希望自己从未见过这次集会，从未被给予他的功过簿，也不知道自己的清算。他多么希望那击打者能够彻底结束他的一切，将他从所有存在中抹去。他哀叹自己曾经看重、珍视的一切似乎都毫无用处、毫无价值：“我的财富对我毫无益处，我的权势也已丧失殆尽。”（第28-29节）这两节极短的经文结尾，在长元音“a”之后、带有 y 音的强烈送气音，增添了悲伤和哀痛的语气。这一切都是整章经文所营造的清晰氛围的一部分。

The surah presents his reaction at length and the listener almost feels his endless lamentation. This is another aspect of the Quranic style: some situations are described at length while others are given a quick and short presentation, depending on the effect the Quran wants to impart. In this case, the surah wants to bring this image of lamentation alive before us, so that we feel it thoroughly. Therefore, it harps long on its details. We see this miserable person wishing he had never witnessed this gathering, never been given his record, and knowing nothing of his account. He would have loved for the Striker to have spelt his absolute end, removing him from all existence. He bemoans that nothing of what he used to rate highly or treasure appears to be of any use or value: “Nothing has my wealth availed me. I am now bereft of all my power” (Verses 28-29) The ending of these very short verses, with a strongly aspirated ‘//preceded by a y/sound that comes after a long 'a\ adds to the tone of sorrow and grief. It is all part of the very clear ambience the surah generates.

这一章现在作出明确的论断，界定了上帝尊贵的使者所诵读的古兰经的本质。阿拉伯人却以嘲讽和戏谑来回应它。

The surah now makes a categorical statement defining the nature of the Qur’an recited by God’s noble Messenger, but received by the Arabs with derision and ridicule:

我不以你们所见的和所不见的发誓：{这部《古兰经》是一位尊贵使者的言论，不是诗人的言论，你们信得太少了！也不是占卜者的言论，你们想得太少了！它是全世界的主所降示的启示。}

I need not swear by what you can see and what you cannot see: this [Quran] is the word of a noble Messenger, not the word of a poet - how little you believe! Nor the word of a soothsayer - how little you reflect! This [Qur'an] is a revelation from the Lord of all the worlds.

（第38-43节）

(Verses 38-43)

这个论断非常清楚、明确且确定。因此，它不需要起誓来证明，也不需要任何东西来确认其来源。它出自真理。

The statement is very clear, definite and certain. Hence, it requires no oath to prove it or to confirm its source. It comes from the truth.

"无需进一步确证。" “我不需起誓于你们所能见的，以及你们所不能见的。”（经文38-39） 这是一种令可见世界与不可见世界都带有伟大意味的表述。不用说，宇宙远比人们所能言说的伟大，甚至远比人们所能想象的伟大。确实，人类所能看见和想象的，正是他们履行建设大地职责所需的，因为真主意欲让他们掌管大地。在这浩瀚的宇宙之中，他们的星球——地球，不过是一个几乎难以察觉的微粒。人类无法超越他们被允许看见和理解的这浩瀚宇宙，及其法则与奥秘的范围。

It requires no further confirmation. ‘7 need not swear by what you can see and what you cannot see.” (Verses 38-39) This is an expression that imparts a sense of greatness to both the visible world and the world beyond. Needless to say, the universe is far greater than what people can say, and indeed what they can imagine. Indeed, all that humans can see and imagine is what they need to fulfil their role of building the earth, as God has willed placing them in charge of it. Within the great universe, their planet, the earth, is no more than a barely visible particle. Humans cannot go beyond what they are allowed to see and comprehend of this vast universe, its laws and secrets.

“我不需要以你们所能见的和所不能见的起誓。”这句话告诉我们，在我们感知能力所及的范围之外，存在着我们一无所知的世界与奥秘。因此，它拓宽了我们对宇宙和真理的视野。宇宙并不局限于我们用有限的感官所能看到或理解的事物。毕竟，我们在地上的使命是在其上建立人类的生活，而我们所被赋予的，正是完成这一使命所需要的一切。然而，当我们认识到自身能力的有限，并意识到在我们所见之外还有一个更广大的世界时，我们便能超越自身的需求，伸向那完美知识的源头。

“I need not swear by what you can see and what you cannot see.” Such a statement tells us that beyond the reach of our faculties of perception there are worlds and secrets of which we know nothing. It thus broadens our vision of the universe and the truth. The universe is not confined to what we can see or comprehend with our limited faculties. After all, our task on earth is to build human life on it, and we have only been given what we need to fulfil this task. Yet when we appreciate this truth of our limited ability, and that there is a greater world beyond what we see, we can elevate ourselves above our needs and reach out to that source of perfect knowledge.

随着这一章接近尾声，它对那些在信仰这一极其重大的事情上捏造谎言的人发出了可怕的威胁。这一威胁的作出，正是为了确立唯一可能的情形：先知是极其诚实、忠实地传达所托付给他的讯息的。证据在于，真主并没有严厉地惩罚他，而如果他并非如此，真主本会这样做。

As the surah draws to its conclusion, it issues a terrifying threat to anyone who fabricates something about the very serious matter of faith. The threat is issued so as to affirm the only possible scenario of the Prophet being very truthful and honest in delivering the message entrusted to him. The proof is that God has not punished him severely as He would have done so had the Prophet been anything other than that:

{而若他假借谎言归于我，我必以右手抓住他，然后割断他的动脉。你们中没有一人能够保护他。}（第44-47节）

Had he attributed some fabrications to Us, We would indeed have seized him by the right hand and cut off his life-vein, and none of you could have saved him. (Verses 44-47)

这些经文的含义在于证实：穆罕默德ﷺ所传述的只是真理。倘若他捏造了某些并非从天上降示于他的话，真主必定会以经文所描述的方式惩治他。既然这种情况并未发生，那么必然的结论就是：他是诚实的。

The import of these verses is confirmation that Muhammad (peace be upon him) only told them the truth. Had he invented something other than what was revealed to him from on high, God would have killed him in the way the verses describe. Since this did not take place, the inevitable conclusion is that he was truthful.

然而，这一确认是在一个场景中给出的，这个场景远远超出了原本的陈述，增添了一些令人敬畏的意涵、动作与生动感。我们在这里看到的是一个人被右手抓住、颈动脉被割断的暴力而骇人的动作。它给人留下清晰的印象：神的权能无限，而相比之下人类是何等的软弱。

Yet this confirmation is given in a scene that goes much further than the actual statement, adding some fearsome connotations, action and life. We see here the violent, scary action of someone being seized by the right hand and his life-vein being cut. It makes a clear impression of God’s limitless power and mankind’s utter weakness in comparison.

它暗示这一信仰问题极其严肃，不允许对任何人有姑息或宽容，即便是穆罕默德与真主的亲近关系，也不例外。此外，这些经文节奏强烈，营造出一种对真主的敬畏与顺服的氛围。

It adds a suggestion that this question of faith is so serious that it allows no complacency or leniency towards anyone, not even Muhammad in his close relation with God. Furthermore, these verses carry a strong beat, spreading an air of fear and submission to God.

本章以对《古兰经》真实本质的陈述作结：

The surah concludes with a statement of the true nature of the Qur’an:

这实在是对敬畏者的提醒。我们深知，你们中间有人否认它的真实性。然而，它必将使不信道者悔恨莫及。它确是绝对的真理。（第48-51节）

This [Quran] is indeed a reminder to the God-fearing. We well know that among you are some who deny its truth. Yet it will be a cause of bitter regret for the unbelievers. It is indeed truth absolute. (Verses 48-51)