这是本章的最后一段。本段先展示了一些宇宙的普遍定律，这些定律见证了造物主的独一；接着展示了神差遣使者的律例，使者宣扬的信息见证了信士群体的统一及其唯一的信仰。随后，本章描绘了末日及其迹象的景象。我们在此看到那些以神的同类为伴者的归宿，也看到那些被妄称为同伴者的归宿。神被呈现为一切的主宰，治理整个宇宙的万事万物。此后，有两段陈述：第一段确立了谁继承大地的准则，第二段则展示了神将其最后的使者穆罕默德ﷺ派遣来，作为赐予全世界的恩典。

This is the last passage of this sūrah which showed us first a number of God’s universal laws that testify to the oneness of the Creator. It then showed us God’s law in sending messengers to advocate a message testifying to the unity of the community of believers and their single faith. Now the sūrah gives us a scene of the Last Hour and its signs. We see here the destiny of those who associate partners with God as well as the destiny of those alleged partners. God is seen as the Lord of all who conducts the affairs of the entire universe. Following this, we have two statements: the first establishes the rule that governs who inherits the earth, while the second shows God’s grace bestowed on all worlds in the form of sending His final Messenger, Muhammad (peace be upon him).

此时，先知被命令放下不信者，任由他们面对由真主所决定的命运。先知寻求真主的帮助，以应对他们的反对与嘲讽，以及他们在清算之日已近之际仍沉溺于虚妄的享乐。

At this point, the Prophet is ordered to leave the unbelievers alone to face their destiny which will be determined by God. The Prophet seeks God’s help to face their opposition and ridicule, as well as their indulgence in idle pleasures when the Day of Reckoning is so near.

所有真主使者的追随者属于同一个民族，信奉相同的信仰，持有相同的信念。这一民族所建立的基础，是对真主独一性的信仰，而这一点由普遍的宇宙律则所见证。这是所有使者所倡导的核心且不变的信仰，从最初的使命直到最后的、最终的启示，始终如一。随着新的启示降下，在这一核心信仰的基础之上，生活准则中又增添了一些具体的细节，以建立起相应的制度。这些增添的内容，都与每个民族及每一代人的能力和发展程度相适应。

The followers of all God’s messengers belong to one community, sharing the same faith and the same beliefs. The basis on which this community is built is the belief in God’s oneness, which is testified to by universal laws. It is the central, unchanged belief advocated by all messengers, right from the very beginning to the last and final message. As new messages were given, certain details were added to the code of living that should be established on the basis of this central belief. These additions suited the abilities and development of each community and each new generation.

他们回应了人类经验日益丰富的状况，这使新的世代能够承担新型的立法，满足他们日益增长的需求，并适应他们在社会与物质方面的进步。

They responded to the increased richness of human experience which makes new generations able to fulfil new types of legislation, meeting their increased needs and responding to their social and material advancement.

尽管所有使者的追随者本属同一个民族，所有天启的信息也都有着相同的根基，那些追随者却把自己分成了派别。每一派各取一份，各自离去，彼此之间争论不休，于是导致了分裂与敌对。

Despite the fact that the followers of all messengers constitute a single community, and despite the fact that all divine messages share the same basis, those followers divided themselves into factions. Each group took a portion and went away, allowing controversy to stir between them, and thus leading to division and hostility.

诚然，这种情况曾发生在同一位使者的追随者之中：他们共同信奉同一信仰，却有人急于奉信仰之名杀害他人。

Indeed this happened among the followers of a single messenger, with some eager to kill others in the name of the faith, which they all shared.

他们在今世将自己分成了不同的派别，但在后世他们都将归于真主：“而他们都必归于我。”（第93节）终局在于祂，届时他们将面对清算，祂将依据他们在今世的所作所为对他们进行报应。

They have divided themselves into factions in this life, but they will all return to God in the life to come: “Yet to Us shall they all return.” (Verse 93) The end is with Him, when they will face the reckoning and He requites them for what they do in this present life.

"Whoever does righteous deeds and is a believer withal, his endeavour shall not be lost: We shall record it in his favour." (Verse 94) This is the law of action and reward. No one shall suffer any loss of any good deed based on faith. All such deeds are recorded with God who never loses sight of anything. Note: the quoted verse is a Qur'an verse, so it stays as it appears in the original, in the same form.

“Whoever does righteous deeds and is a believer withal, his endeavour shall not be lost: We shall record it in his favour.” (Verse 94) This is the law of action and reward. No one shall suffer any loss of any good deed based on faith. All such deeds are recorded with God who never loses sight of anything.

接下来呈现的是复活日的景象,它始于一个预示其临近的征兆。这个征兆就是雅朱者和马朱者之门的开启。

We are then presented with a scene of the Day of Resurrection, starting with a sign that signals its approach. This sign is the opening of the gates for Gog and Magog:

当Gog与Magog被释放、从每个角落涌出，真实的应许临近实现时，不信道者的眼睛将因惊恐而瞪大。[他们将呼喊：]“哎呀，我们遭殃了！我们对此确实疏忽了。”

When Gog and Magog are let loose and swarm down from every corner, when the true promise draws close [to its fulfilment], staring in horror shall be the eyes of the unbelievers, [and they will exclaim:] ‘Oh, woe to us! Of this we were indeed heedless.

“我们确实犯了错。”（第96-97节）

We have assuredly done wrong.’ (Verses 96-97)

当我们讨论《古兰经》第18章《洞穴》中关于Dhu’l-Qarnayn及其对Gog和Magog的叙述时，我们曾说，当鞑靼人向东迁徙、摧毁各国与帝国时，那真实的后世承诺或许已经接近实现。事实上，在先知本人的时代，《古兰经》就明确说道：“末日已经临近了。”（54：1）然而，它的临近并不意味着它将在某个具体时间发生。在真主看来，时间与我们以日、月、年所作的计算截然不同。

When we discussed the account given in Sūrah 18, The Cave, of Dhu’l-Qarnayn and its reference to Gog and Magog, we said that the true promise of the hereafter may have already drawn close to its fulfilment when the Tartars swarmed eastwards to destroy states and empires. Indeed at the time of the Prophet himself, the Qur’ān states clearly: “The Last Hour has drawn close.” (54: 1) Nevertheless, its drawing close does not specify a particular time when it will actually take place. To God, time is totally different from our own calculation of days, months and years.

这里的意图是描述那一天真正来临时所发生的情形,并以人类所熟悉的一个微型场景作为引子。这就是歌革和玛歌古被放出,从四面八方如潮水般涌下的景象,画面急速而生动。《古兰经》常常借用人类所熟悉的事物,并将其提升,用以描绘后世的场景。

What is intended here is to describe what happens on that day when it actually arrives, and to introduce it with a miniature scene of what is familiar to human beings. This is the scene of Gog and Magog being let loose, and their swarming down from every corner in a fast moving image. The Qur’ān often uses notions that are familiar to man and elevates these to draw scenes of the hereafter.

这一场景突出了让旁观者感到震惊的意外因素。

The scene portrayed here stresses the element of surprise that takes the onlookers:

因此,“不信道者的眼睛将惊恐地直视。”(第97节)他们不会眨眼,因为巨大的恐怖已经突然攫住了他们。经文在此使用了倒装,将真正的震撼提前,以增强强调的效果。

Thus, “staring in horror shall be the eyes of the unbelievers.” (Verse 97) They shall not wink because of the great horror that has taken them by surprise. The text uses inversion here to bring forward the actual stirring in order to provide added emphasis.

在描绘了宇宙和一切生灵终结的有力画面之后，这一章接着阐明了决定谁继承大地的神圣律法。最终，成为大地主人的，必定是神的正义仆人。

Having drawn a strong image showing the end of the universe and all living creatures, the sūrah now makes clear the divine law that determines who inherits the earth. In the end it is God’s righteous servants who will be the masters of the earth.

这两个场景相互关联:“在训诫(赐予穆萨之后),我们在《诗篇》中写道:‘我的善良仆人必将继承大地。’”(第105节)

The two scenes are interlinked: “We wrote in the Psalms, after the Reminder [given to Moses] that ‘the righteous among My servants shall inherit the earth.’” (Verse 105)

正如这节经文的阿拉伯原文所示，它可以有两种读法。第一种认为“宰布尔”（Zabūr）指的是特别赐予先知达五德（愿主赐他平安）的某些经典，在这种情况下，“教诫”（al-dhikr）指的是早于《诗篇》降示的《讨拉特》（Torah）。另一种读法则将“宰布尔”一词理解为对每一部降示经典的描述，每部经典都是记载于受保护之天牌（al-Lawḥ al-Maḥfūẓ）中的原本的一部分。在这种情况下，“教诫”所指的便是这块天牌。因此，这块天牌代表着完整的版本，也是所有天启法律所归依的最终准绳。

As it is given in Arabic, this verse may be read in two ways. The first considers the Psalms as certain scriptures given in particular to the Prophet David (peace be upon him). In this case, the reminder’ is a reference to the Torah which was revealed earlier than the Psalms. The other reading makes of the term zabūr a description of every revealed book, which is a portion of the original book recorded in the guarded Tablet, which in this case would be what the word ‘reminder’ refers to. This Tablet, thus, represents the complete version and the final authority to which all divine laws refer.

“话虽如此，这句话‘我们在《诗篇》中，在《训诫》之后，写道’，是用来说明上帝所确立的关于地上继承的既定法则。这指的是‘我的仆人中的义人必将继承大地’。但这种继承意味着什么？上帝仆人中的义人又是谁呢？”

Be that as it may, the statement, ‘We wrote in the Psalms, after the Reminder,’ is made here to explain the established rule God has put into operation concerning the succession to the earth. This means that ‘the righteous among My servants shall inherit the earth.’ But what does this inheritance entail, and who are the righteous among God’s servants?

真主将大地赐予阿丹，让他承担建设大地的重任，引导大地走上正道，使其得以发展。这包括利用大地的资源与宝藏，开发其显现与隐藏的潜力，以期达到可能企及的最高水平。

God gave the earth to Adam so that he could fulfil his charge of building the earth, setting it on its right course so it could develop. This included utilization of its resources and treasures, and the exploitation of its apparent and concealed potentials so as to attain the highest possible standard that could be reached.

真主为人类制定了一套完整的生活准则或生活方式,供他们在今世践行。这套准则以信仰和善行为基础。真主的最终启示详细阐明了这一生活方式,同时包含了保障其不被歪曲的律法,使其每一步都保持平衡与和谐。

God set out a complete code or way of life for mankind to implement in their life on earth. This is based on faith and good action. God’s final message includes a detailed account of this way of life, together with laws that ensure its freedom from distortion and which provide balance and harmony in its every step.

真主派遣了祂最后的使者，作为对全人类的恩典之体现。

God has sent His last Messenger as a manifestation of His grace to all mankind.

他牵着他们的手，向他们展示神圣的指引。只有那些准备好接受这种指引的人才能从中受益，但神的恩典同时赐予信士与不信者。

He takes them by the hand to show them divine guidance. It is only those who are ready to receive such guidance that benefit by it, but God’s grace is bestowed on believers and unbelievers alike.

通过穆罕默德先知ﷺ传给我们的生活准则,能够确保全人类的幸福,并将引领人类达到其所能获得的最高完善境界。穆罕默德的讯息是在人类达到心智完全成熟的时代传给人类的。因此,它是一部向所有时代、所有头脑敞开的经典。它包含人类生活中不变的根本原则,并且能够应对变化的需求,而这些需求只有创造人类的那一位才知道,祂对自己的造物了如指掌。祂是至仁的,并且洞察万事。

The code of living given to us through the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is one that ensures the happiness f all mankind, and which will lead to the highest level of perfection humanity can attain. Muhammad’s message was given to mankind at a time when it attained its full mental maturity. Hence, it is a book open to all minds across all generations. It includes the unchangeable fundamentals of human life, and it is ready to meet changing needs that are known only to the One who created man, and who knows His creation well. He is most kind and aware of all things.

本书阐述了一套永恒法典的原则与框架，这套法典适应不断更新的人类生活。至于随着生活的推进，为规范人与人之间的关系所需的具体规则，则交由人类自行推演。人类还需根据各自不同的处境与环境，决定实施的方法与手段，但不得与永恒法典的原则相抵触。

This book sets out the principles and the framework of a permanent code for an ever-renewing human life, leaving to human beings the task of deducing detailed rules necessary for organizing their relations as life progresses. It is also up to human beings to determine the methods and the means of implementation, according to their different situations and circumstances, without conflict with the principles of the permanent code.

在保障思想自由并建立允许人类思维运作的社会之后,本书还赋予人类心智自由,使其能够决定应当采取何种行动。因此,在伊斯兰教及其根本原则之下,人是自由的,能够不断发展,朝着可达到的最高人类生活标准迈进。

Having guaranteed the right to freedom of thought and established the society that allows the human mind to think, this book also allows the human mind the freedom to determine what actions need to be taken. Thus, under Islam and within its fundamental principles, man is free to develop and progress towards the highest attainable standard of human life.

迄今为止的全部人类经验都证明，伊斯兰制度总体上始终领先于人类的进步，能够提供一种环境，确保人类在各个方面持续进步。它将始终引领人类生活，走在前列，而不会阻碍其前进的步伐。在满足人类对发展与进步的渴望方面，伊斯兰从不压抑个人或群体的任何人类潜能，也不剥夺他们享受自身努力成果或生活乐趣的能力。

All human experience, up to the present moment, confirms that the Islamic system, in general, remains ahead of man’s progress, able to provide the environment that ensures steady human progress in all directions. It will always be ahead of human life, providing the lead, and never restraining its march. In meeting human desire for development and progress, Islam never suppresses any human potential whether of individuals or the community. Nor does it deprive them of their ability to enjoy the fruits of their efforts or the pleasures of life.

在阐明了这一恩典的面向之后，本章提出了真主对其使者下达的一项命令：他要面对那些否认真理、嘲笑他的努力的人。

Having highlighted this aspect of grace, the sūrah states an order given by God to His Messenger. He is to confront those who deny the truth and ridicule his efforts.

他被要求明确其讯息的实质：这是一个为全人类带来恩典与慈悯的讯息。经文说："你说：有启示给我的是，你们的主只是独一的主，你们还要顺从他吗？"（21:108）

He is to identify the essence of his message as one which brings grace and mercy to all mankind: “Say: It has been revealed to me that your God is the One and only God: will you, then, surrender yourselves to Him?” (Verse 108)

这是伊斯兰教信息中最核心的恩典要素。正是对真主绝对独一的信仰,将人类从愚昧的神话、无意义的偶像崇拜和迷信的重压中解救出来。它使生命建立在坚实的根基之上,使其与宇宙万有相联结,遵循清晰而一致的法则,不给任性和一时的私欲留下空间。它确保每一个人都能昂首挺立。头只向真主低下,祂是全部存在之物的绝对主宰。

This is the most essential element of grace in the message of Islam. It is the belief in God’s absolute oneness that saves humanity from the burdens of ignorant myth, senseless idolatry and from the pressures of superstition. It establishes life on a firm basis, bonding it with universal existence, according to clear and consistent laws, leaving no room for whim or fleeting desire. It ensures that every human being is able to stand up with heads held high. Heads bow only to God, the One who holds absolute sway over all that exists.

这是恩典之路：“那么，你们还顺服他吗？”这是真主的使者ﷺ唯一需要向那些否认他的讯息并嘲讽他的人提出的问题。

This is the path of grace: “will you, then, surrender yourselves to Him?” This is the only question God’s Messenger is directed to ask those who deny his message and indulge in ridicule.

"如果他们转身离去，你就说：'我已经公平地向你们所有人宣告了。'"（第109节）我已把所有我拥有的都告诉了你们，现在你我都拥有同样的知识。这节经文所暗示的那种宣告，是在战争时期发出的，以表明和平已经结束。然而，这部章节是在麦加降示的，那时伊斯兰尚未允许发动战争。这意味着，先知奉命向不信者宣告：他已经放弃了他们，让他们知晓自己的命运，以及先知早已向他们发出的警告。因此，他们再无借口。他们必须品尝自己行为的苦果，清楚地知道等待着他们的是什么。

“If they turn away, say: ‘I have proclaimed this in equity to all of you alike.” (Verse 109) I have given you all that I have, and now both you and I have the same knowledge. A proclamation of the sort this verse hints at is one that takes place at a time of war so as to indicate the end of peace. This sūrah, however, was revealed in Makkah, before war was made permissible in Islam. This means that the Prophet is commanded to declare to the unbelievers that he has given up on them, leaving them aware of their destiny, and of which he has warned them. Thus, they have no excuse. They will have to taste the bitter fruits of their actions, knowing full well what awaits them.

“但我不知道你们所被许诺的，是临近的还是遥远的。”（第109节）我已经以公正的态度向你们宣明了我的告诫，我也不知道你们所被警告的事何时降临。这属于真主所独自保留的事情之一。唯有祂知道它的时间，也唯有祂知道何时降下刑罚，无论是在今世还是在后世。祂还知道人们私下所说的话，以及公开所说的话。没有任何事物超出真主的知识之外：