你的主呼唤穆萨，说：“你去至不义的民族那里，即法老的民族。他们难道不敬畏真主吗？”他说：“我的主啊！我真担心他们会否认我，我的胸膛会因此窘迫，我的舌头也不流利，所以请你派哈伦与我同去。他们还有一项对我的指控，我担心他们会杀害我。”他说：“绝不会！你们俩带着我的迹象前往吧，我必与你们同在，我是听者。你们俩去见法老，说：‘我们是全世界的主所派的使者。请你让以色列的后裔同我们前往。’”（第10-17节）
Your Lord called Moses: ‘Go to the wrongdoing people, the people of Pharaoh. Will they have no fear of God?’ He said: My Lord, I fear that they will charge me with falsehood, and then my breast will be straitened and my tongue will not be fluent. So send as well for Aaron. Moreover, they have a charge of crime against me, and I fear that they will kill me. ‘Said He: ‘By no means! Go forth, then, both of you, with Our signs; We are with you, listening to all. Go, both of you, to Pharaoh, and say: ‘We are messengers from the Lord of all the worlds: Let the Children of Israel go with us.’ (Verses 10-17)
这段经文是对先知穆罕默德ﷺ的称呼。在该章开头,真主对他说:“他们若不信道,你或许要因忧伤而自苦至死吗?我若意欲,就从天上降下一种迹象给他们,使他们的颈项为之俯伏。每当他们从至仁主那里得到一种新的教诲,他们总是背向而去。他们确已否认真理,但他们终将知道他们过去所嘲笑的是什么。”(第3至6节)随后,该章向他叙述了一些拒绝真主启示的民族的事迹,以及他们如何遭受了真主的惩罚。
The address here is to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). At the opening of the sūrah, God says to him: “Would you, perhaps, torment yourself to death [with grief] because they would not believe? If We will, We can send down to them from the skies a sign before which their necks will remain bent in submission. Yet whenever any fresh reminder comes to them from the Most Merciful, they always turn their backs on it. They have indeed denied [the truth of revelation]; and they will in time come to understand what it was they were wont to deride.” (Verses 3-6) The sūrah then gives him accounts of what happened to some of the communities that rejected God’s messages and how they suffered His punishment.
“你的主呼唤穆萨：你去向那些不义的民众，即法老的民众那里去。他们难道不敬畏真主吗？”（第10-11节）这两节经文描绘了穆萨接受使命的第一个场景。经文开篇便揭示他必须前往的那群人，宣称他们是“不义的”。他们因否认真主的启示而严重亏待自己，也对以色列后裔犯下大错：杀害他们的男子，却留下女子，并对他们施以极大的折磨。因此，经文在说明他们是谁之前，先将他们描述为“不义的”。随后，经文呼吁穆萨和所有人对此加以思索：“他们难道不敬畏真主吗？”他们会继续漠视自身不义行为可能带来的后果吗？他们会不改正错误的行为吗？他们的处境确实极为特殊。
“Your Lord called Moses: Go to the wrongdoing people, the people of Pharaoh. Will they have no fear of God?” (Verses 10-11) These two verses paint the first scene which shows Moses being given his message. It begins by exposing the people he must go to, declaring that they are ‘wrongdoing’. They do themselves a great wrong by denying God’s message, and they do much wrong to the Children of Israel, killing their men but sparing their women and inflicting much torture on them. Hence, the sūrah describes them as wrongdoing before it specifies who they are. It then calls on Moses and all people to wonder at them: “Will they have no fear of God?” Will they continue to be heedless of the likely outcome of their wrongdoing? Will they not mend their erring ways? Theirs is certainly a singular situation.
然而，穆萨并非对法老及其统治一无所知。事实上，他完全清楚法老的压迫统治，以及他对人民施加的不公。因此，穆萨意识到所托付给他的任务十分艰难，他的使命必然会遭遇强烈的抵抗。于是，他向他的主诉说自己的软弱。
Moses, however, was not unaware of Pharaoh and his regime. Indeed, he was fully aware of his oppressive rule and the injustice he meted out to people. Hence, Moses realizes that the task assigned to him is difficult and that his mission is bound to meet with stiff resistance. Hence, he complains to his Lord of his own weakness.
然而，他的抱怨并非出于不愿承担使命的人之口。相反，他决心完成这项任务，只是向真主寻求帮助。
His complaints, however, are not those of one who does not wish to carry out the task. On the contrary, he is determined to fulfil it, but he seeks help from God.
他说:"我的主啊,我担心他们会指控我说谎,我的胸膛会因此而窒闷,我的舌头也不能流利,所以请你派遣哈伦来协助我。"
He said: My Lord, I fear that they will charge me with falsehood, and then my breast will be straitened and my tongue will not be fluent. So send as well for Aaron.
此外,他们对我有犯罪的指控,我担心他们会杀了我。
Moreover, they have a charge of crime against me, and I fear that they will kill me.
这段话的意思是,摩西所说的并非担心被法老和他的族人拒绝;真正让他忧虑的,是这件事偏偏发生在他心神不安、口才不畅的时候。他有语言障碍,这一点他在《塔哈》章(第20章)中提到过,当时他祈求主除去这一障碍:“我的主啊!求你为我开拓胸怀,为我简化使命,为我解开舌结,使他们能理解我的话。”(20:25-28)如果这种困难在说话时出现,说话者会心神不安,而这又会使障碍加重。因此,患者会觉得自己无法表达。这便形成了恶性循环,愤怒也必然随之而来。所以,摩西担心自己在以主的信息面对法老这样专横的暴君时,会出现这种问题。因此,他向主诉说自己的软弱,并表达了他对传达主的启示所抱有的担忧。他的请求重点在于,让他的哥哥哈伦与他一同承担这项任务。这一请求并不表示摩西不愿执行主的命令,而是反映了他担心自己无法胜任。哈伦口才更好,也就是说性情更为从容。因此,如果摩西在说话时卡住,或者内心感到窘迫,哈伦便可以上前提供恰当的论证。尽管如《塔哈》章所述,摩西祈求主除去他的语言障碍,他同时也请求指派哈伦协助他传达神圣的信息。
What Moses’ statement signifies is that he was not worried about being rejected by Pharaoh and his people; rather, what worried him was that this should happen at a time when he felt ill at ease and when his tongue lacked fluent argument. He suffered from a speech impediment, which he mentioned in Sūrah 20, Ţā Hā, as he prayed to God to remove it: “My Lord, open up my heart [to Your light], and make my mission easy for me, and free my tongue from its impediment, so that people may understand what I say.” (20: 25-28) Should this difficulty occur while one is speaking, it makes the speaker ill at ease, which in turn makes the impediment worse. Thus, the person suffering from it feels unable to express himself. This becomes a vicious circle and anger inevitably sets in. Hence, Moses feared that he might suffer this problem when he confronted a despotic tyrant like Pharaoh with God’s message. Hence, he complains to God of his own weakness, and expresses his fears in respect of delivering his Lord’s message. The point of his request is that God include his brother Aaron in carrying out this task. This request does not express any reluctance on Moses’ part to carry out God’s orders, but reflects his fear of falling short of the task. Aaron is more eloquent, which means that he has an easier temperament. Thus, should Moses suffer a block as he speaks, or should he feel straitened in heart, Aaron could then step in to provide the proper argument. Although Moses prays, as related in Sūrah 20, that God remove his speech impediment, he also requests that Aaron be assigned to help him in the delivery of the divine message.
与此相类的还有他的另一句话：“而且他们对我有一项罪名，我怕他们会杀我。”（第14节）同样，穆萨在向法老宣讲信仰真主的使命时，并未表现出任何畏惧，也没有想要放弃所托付的使命；相反，这只是请求增派哈伦的又一个理由。即便法老杀了穆萨，哈伦也能继续传达使命、完成任务。因此，我们应当将穆萨的祈求理解为一种预防措施，旨在确保真主的启示被完整而妥当地传达。这正是一位被真主拣选、并在祂的眼目之下受到教养的使者所应有的态度。
The same may be said of his other statement: “Moreover, they have a charge of crime against me, and I fear that they will kill me.” (Verse 14) Again, Moses does not express any fear in confronting Pharaoh with the call to believe in God, nor does he seek to abandon the mission assigned to him; rather, this is all given as an added reason for the need to include Aaron. Should Pharaoh kill Moses, Aaron would be able to carry on the mission and complete the task. Thus, we should read Moses’ prayer as a precaution aiming to ensure that the divine message was properly and fully delivered. It is exactly the kind of attitude that can be expected from a messenger like Moses whom God had chosen and reared under His own watchful eye.
鉴于穆萨（Moses）渴望完成使命，也担心自己的软弱会使他达不到所期望的要求，真主应允了他的请求，并给予他安慰。这一章并未具体提及他的祈求是如何得到回应的，亚伦（Aaron）如何接受委任，以及他们两人如何抵达埃及。
Knowing how keen Moses was to fulfil his task and his worry lest his weakness make him fall short of what was expected of him, God grants his requests and gives him reassurance. The sūrah gives no specific mention of how his prayers were answered, how Aaron received his assignment, or how they both arrived in Egypt.
相反，经文显示这两兄弟同时接受了详细的指示，而就在同一时刻，摩西也得到了安慰，他的恐惧被一个主要表示命令其停止的词语所驳回："kallā!"（不！）。经文将其译为"绝不！"。
主说："绝不！你们俩带着我们的迹象去吧，我与你们同在，聆听一切。你们俩去见法老，说：'我们是全世界的主的使者，请让以色列的后裔跟我们走。'"（第15-17节）
Instead, it shows the two brothers receiving their detailed instructions together and at the same moment as reassurance is given to Moses and his fears are dismissed in an expression that primarily denotes an order to stop: ‘kallā!’ This is translated in the text as ‘By no means!’ Said He: By no means! Go forth, then, both of you, with Our signs; We are with you, listening to all. Go, both of you, to Pharaoh, and say: ‘We are messengers from the Lord of all the worlds: Let the Children of Israel go with us.’ (Verses 15-17)
"绝非如此！你的胸怀不会郁闷，你的舌头不会有障碍，他们也不会杀你。把这些念头从你心中除去，带着你的兄弟，携带我的神迹前行吧。摩西此前已经见过其中两个。"
By no means! Your breast will not be straitened, your tongue will not be impaired, and they will not kill you. Remove all such thoughts from your mind, and proceed with your brother, equipped with Our signs. Moses had already seen two of these:
他的手杖变成蛇，他的手变得白光闪耀，这些情节在本章中并未提及，因为这里的重点在于法老与穆萨之间的对峙、与术士的较量，以及法老及其军队被淹没、信士得救的经过。
his staff turning into a serpent and his hand changing colour such that it looked as if it shone a brilliant white. These aspects, however, are not mentioned in this sūrah because the emphasis here is on the confrontation between Pharaoh and Moses, the contest with the sorcerers and the drowning of Pharaoh and his host while the believers are saved.
穆萨和哈伦被吩咐前往，真主（上帝）也告诉他们：“我与你们同在，聆听一切。”多么大的力量！多么深切的眷顾和多么可靠的保障！这一切都赐予了他们。
Moses and Aaron are told to go forth, and God also tells them: “We are with you, listening to all.” What power! What care and what security! All this is given to them.
诚然，真主与他们同在，也与每一个人时时同在，但这里所强调的陪伴，是在艰难时刻的扶持。它在此体现为聆听，意味着全神贯注和随时准备给予的支持。
Indeed, God is with them and with every human being at every moment, but the companionship highlighted here is that of support at difficult moments. It is shown here in the form of listening, which denotes full attention and ready support.
穆萨和哈伦被吩咐要向法老清楚地陈述他们所负的使命，无所畏惧，也不隐瞒任何内容："你们两人去见法老，说：'我们是全世界的主所派遣的使者。'"（第16节）阿拉伯原文用的是单数形式的"使者"（rasūl），尽管这项任务是交给两兄弟的。然而，由于交给两人的是同一项任务，他们在面对法老时被视为一位使者。这位暴君自称为神，并对他的人民宣称：
Moses and Aaron are told to clearly outline to Pharaoh their assigned mission, fearing nothing and hiding nothing: “Go, both of you, to Pharaoh, and say: ‘We are messengers from the Lord of all the worlds.’” (Verse 16) The Arabic text uses the singular form for ‘messenger’, rasūl, although the task is assigned to both brothers. However, because the assignment given to both is a single one, they are treated as a single messenger to Pharaoh, the despot who claimed to be God and declared to his people:
“我所知道的，除我之外，你们再没有别的神明！”（28：38）因此，他们被赋予的使命，是从一开始就毫不含糊、毫不犹豫地宣告真主独一的真理。对于任何可能的不利反应，都不应有所顾虑、加以防备。
“I know of no deity for you other than myself!” (28: 38) Thus, the mission assigned to them is to declare the truth of God’s oneness right at the very outset and without ambiguity or hesitation. There is to be no precaution against any adverse reception.
这正是不容折中的真理。
For this is the truth that allows no half measures.
作为宇宙主宰的使者,他们明确提出了要求:"我们是全世界之主的使者。请让以色列的后裔同我们一起走。"(第16-17节)从这段经文以及《古兰经》中类似的经文可以清楚看出,穆萨并不需要向法老及其臣民传达使命,也不需要召唤他们信奉他的信仰或执行所托付的使命。他只要求他们释放以色列的后裔,使他们能够按照自己的意愿崇拜他们的主。他们知道自己真正的信仰,这信仰自他们的第一位祖先以色列(即雅各伯)(愿主赐福于他)时代起便为他们所持守。然而,这信仰在他们心中逐渐削弱,使外来的信念得以渗入。因此,真主派遣穆萨,使他们脱离法老的压迫,并洗净他们一神信仰中一切外来和败坏的成分。
As messengers from the Lord of the universe, they make their demands clear: “We are messengers from the Lord of all the worlds. Let the Children of Israel go with us.” (Verses 16-17) It is clear from this statement and similar ones in the Qur’ān that Moses was not required to address his message to Pharaoh and his people, or to call on them to believe in his faith or implement the message entrusted to him. He simply required them to set the Children of Israel free so that they could worship their Lord as they pleased. They were aware of their true faith, which they had held since the time of their first father, Israel, or Jacob, (peace be upon him). This faith, however, had weakened in their hearts allowing alien beliefs to creep in. Therefore, God sent Moses to save them from Pharaoh’s injustice and to purge their monotheistic faith of all foreign and corrupt elements.