到目前为止，这一章带领我们经历了一段漫长的旅程，展示了宇宙中运行的一些自然法则，支配传播真主信息的群体的规律，人们的命运，以及过去民族的毁灭。现在，它回到了本章开头提到的一点：不信道者如何对待真主的使者和他所接受的启示，他们对他的嘲弄，以及他们顽固的不信。

So far the sūrah has taken us on a long journey, showing us some of the laws of nature that operate in the universe, the rules that govern groups advocating God’s message, people’s fate, and the destruction of past communities. Now it picks up the point mentioned at the beginning of the sūrah about the way the unbelievers received God’s Messenger and the revelations he was given, the mockery they hurled at him and their persistent disbelief.

该章接着指出，人的本性是急躁的。这种急躁的一种表现，就是不信道者急于求取真主的惩罚。

The sūrah follows this by pointing out that, by nature, man is hasty. One manifestation of this haste is the unbelievers’ attempts to hasten God’s punishment.

因此，它警告他们不要如此急躁，并向他们说明，若想避免这种不当行为所带来的后果，就必须克制，不得嘲笑先知。它为他们描绘了一幅画面：那些在今世掌握权力的人，其权威如何逐渐消逝；在另一幕中，它又展示了执迷不悟的不信道者在后世所遭受的部分痛苦。

Hence, it warns them against such haste and makes it clear to them that they must refrain from mocking the Prophet if they wish to avoid the consequences of such unwarranted behaviour. It paints for them a picture of how those who wield power in this life find their authority dwindling, and in another scene demonstrates some aspects of the suffering in the hereafter meted out to persistent unbelievers.

本段最后强调了后世清算的精确性，以及审判日所给予的报酬与其相称。由此可见，清算与报酬同宇宙运行的规律、人类的本性以及人类的生活紧密相连。

This new passage concludes by emphasizing the accuracy of the reckoning in the hereafter and the suitability of the reward given on the Day of Judgement. Thus, the reckoning and the reward are linked to the rules operating in the universe, human nature and human life.

当不信道者看见你时，他们只拿你取笑，彼此说："这就是那个非议你们神明的人吗？"然而，他们自己一听到至仁主的圣名，却急于否认。（第36节）

When the unbelievers see you, they make you the target of their mockery, saying [to one another], Is this the one who speaks against your gods?’ Yet they are the ones who, at the mention of the Most Merciful, are quick to deny Him. (Verse 36)

不信道者否认至慈的真主的存在,而真主创造了宇宙,并确立了在其中运行、维系其存在的法则。他们反对真主的使者穆罕默德(愿主赐福并使他平安)斥责他们所崇拜的神明,指出那些无生命的偶像毫无用处。然而,他们自己却粗暴地否认至慈的真主。多么奇怪啊!他们对真主的使者辱骂和嘲弄,说他批评他们拜偶像是不可接受的。他们彼此说道:“这就是那个诋毁你们神明的人吗?”(第36节)然而,他们作为真主的受造物,却认为那种导致他们否认真主存在、拒绝真主所降示的《古兰经》的傲慢并无不妥。他们这种态度的讽刺之处,充分暴露了那深远的败坏已侵蚀他们的本性,并损害了他们的判断力。

The unbelievers deny the very existence of God, the Most Merciful, who has created the universe and set the rules that operate in it and sustain its existence. They object to the fact that God’s Messenger, Muhammad (peace be upon him), speaks out against their deities, showing such inanimate idols to be useless. Yet they themselves rudely deny God, the Most Merciful. How singular! They hurl abuse and mockery at God’s Messenger, saying that it is unacceptable that he should criticize their idol worship. They say to one another: “Is this the one who speaks against your gods?” (Verse 36) Yet they, creatures of God as they are, find nothing wrong with the arrogance that leads them to deny God’s existence and reject the Qur’ān He has revealed to them. The irony of their attitude exposes to the full the far- reaching corruption that affects their nature and impairs their judgement.

而且,他们还急于求得先知警告他们的刑罚。因为人天性急躁:"人是天生急躁的。我将向你们展示我的迹象;" ﷺ

What is more, they try to hasten the punishment against which the Prophet warns them. For, by nature, man is hasty: “Man is a creature of haste. I shall show you My signs:

所以，不要催促我。他们说：“如果你说的是真的，这个许诺何时才会实现？”（第37-38节）

do not, then, ask Me to hurry them on. They say: ‘When is this promise to be fulfilled, if what you say be true?’” (Verses 37-38)

“人是急躁的造物。”急躁深植于人的本性与禀赋之中。

“Man is a creature of haste.” Haste is present in man’s very nature and constitution.

他总是把目光投向前方，越过当下，渴望伸手将其握在掌中。他想在脑海中闪现某个念头的那一刻，就立即实现一切看似令人向往的事物。他想看到所有许诺给他的东西，哪怕这些东西可能对他有害。人的天性便是如此，除非他与真主建立起坚定的联系，这种联系给予他力量和安定。那时，他便会信托真主的智慧，让祂的旨意自然展开，而不急于催促事态的发生。因为信仰将信赖、耐心与安定融为一体。

He always stretches his eyes to what lies ahead, beyond the present moment, aiming to grasp it with his own hand. He wants to achieve, the moment it flashes in his mind, all that seems desirable. He wants to see all that is promised to him, even though it may be to his detriment. Such is man’s nature, unless he establishes a firm relationship with God which gives him strength and reassurance. He will then trust to God’s wisdom, leaving His will to run its course without hastening events. For faith combines trust with patience and reassurance.

在这一令人心颤的壮观场景达到顶点之时，先知ﷺ被命令发出最后的警告：“你说：我只是依据启示来警告你们！”但聋子无法听到这一呼声，无论他们被警告多少次。（第45节）

At the height of this awesome scene, which leaves hearts trembling, the Prophet is instructed to deliver the final warning: “Say: I do but warn you on the strength of divine revelation!’ But the deaf cannot hear this call, however often they are warned.” (Verse 45)

那么，让他们当心吧，免得他们成为听而不闻的聋子！正是这些聋子将遭受大地在他们脚下收缩的命运，全能者的手将粉碎他们的权势，使他们和他们的奢华一同消亡。

Let them, then, beware lest they should be the deaf who do not hear! It is the deaf who will suffer the fate of having the earth shrunk beneath them, and the hand of the Almighty smashing their power, doing away with them and their luxuries.

该章节继续其论述，深深触动人心。它描述了那些不信道者开始遭受真主惩罚时的情形："即使你的主的刑罚稍微触及他们，他们必定会说：'哎呀，我们真是不义的人了！'"（第46节）在阿拉伯语中，此节所用的词 nafĥah（"气息"、"微风"）通常与慈悯和恩典相关联，但这里用于苦难的语境中，以暗示真主惩罚的哪怕最轻微的一缕气息，也足以使他们准备认罪。可惜，此时认罪已毫无用处。在本章前文，我们也看到了过去那些被真主的权能所击垮的民族，他们发出了同样的哀求："他们说：'哎呀，我们真是不义的人了！'他们这样呼喊，直到我把他们变成被割倒的庄稼，寂静无声，如同灰烬。"（第14至15节）

The sūrah continues its discourse making a profound effect on people’s hearts. It describes those very unbelievers as they begin to suffer God’s punishment: “Yet, if but breath of your Lord’s punishment touches them, they are sure to cry, ‘Oh, woe betide us! We were wrongdoers indeed.’” (Verse 46) In Arabic, the word, nafĥah, used in this verse for ‘breath’ is normally associated with mercy and grace, but here it is used in the context of suffering so as to imply that even the slightest breath of God’s punishment is sufficient to make them ready to confess. Alas, confession is of no use now. Earlier in the sūrah we were shown past communities smitten by God’s might, crying out with the same appeals: “They said: ‘Woe betide us! We were indeed wrongdoers!’ And that cry of theirs did not cease until We caused them to become like a field mown down, still and silent as ashes.” (Verses 14-15)

这是一种为时已晚的忏悔。他们理应在尚有余地的时候，留心听取真主启示中所包含的警告，趁着还未遭受这样的苦难之前及时行动，这才是更好的选择。

It is, then, a confession that comes too late. It is far better that they listen to the warnings contained in God’s revelations when they still have time to act, before they are touched by such suffering.

本段经文以审判日的最后一幕作结：“我将在复活日设置公正的天平，任何灵魂都不会受到丝毫的亏枉。即使只有一粒芥子的重量，我也要把它计算在内。我足以作清算者。”（第47节） 这里的芥子象征着肉眼所能见到的最小、最轻之物。然而，即使是一粒芥子，也不会被忽略或置之不理。

The present passage concludes with a final scene from the Day of Reckoning: “We shall set up just scales on the Day of Resurrection, so that no soul shall be wronged in the least. If there be but the weight of a mustard seed, We shall bring it [to account]. Sufficient are We for reckoning.” (Verse 47) The mustard seed here represents the smallest and lightest thing our eyes can see. Yet not even a mustard seed is overlooked or ignored.

使用的天平如此精准，以至于一粒芥菜籽都能带来差别。

The scales that are used are so accurate that a single mustard seed makes a difference.

让人们好好思量自己为那一天预先准备了什么。愿心灵留意这些警示,也愿那些背转身去或以嘲讽为乐的人引以为戒。他们或许能在今世逃避惩罚,但在审判之日,清算会计及每一件细微之事。那时的天平精确到这种程度,以至于哪怕一粒小小的种子,也能决定胜负。

Let people, then, reflect on what they put forward for that day. Let hearts be attentive to the warnings, and let those who turn their backs or indulge in ridicule be warned. They may be able to evade punishment in this life, but on Judgement Day the reckoning takes every little thing into account. The scales then are so accurate that even a tiny seed can make all the difference.

因此,来世的精确天平、宇宙不变的规律、传道者所适用的准则,以及人性的法则,在全能者的手中操控下完美和谐地汇合在一起。这证明了真主独一的真理,而这正是贯穿整个章节的主题。

Thus the accurate scales of the hereafter, the unfailing laws of the universe, the rules applicable to advocates of the faith and the laws of human nature converge in perfect harmony, operated by the hand of the Almighty. This testifies to the truth of God’s oneness, the theme that pervades this whole sūrah.