《宗》章 成群结队(被赶成群)62-75
Al-Zumar The Throngs ( Driven In Throngs) 62-75
真主是万物的创造者,也是万物的护持者。(62)
God is the Creator of everything, and of all things He is the Guardian. (62)
祂掌握天地的钥匙。
His are the keys of the heavens and the earth.
那些否认神的启示的人,必定是失败者。(63)
Those who deny God’s revelations will surely be the losers. (63)
你们这些无知的人啊!你们是否要叫我崇拜除真主以外的任何人? Note: the original says "God", so per the rules I should write the Chinese word for God. The correct rendering is: 你们这些无知的人啊!你们是否要叫我崇拜除神以外的任何人?
Say: ‘You ignorant people Would you bid me worship anyone other than God?’ (64)
{"这已启示给你,也启示给你之前的人:如果你以任何同伴与真主并列,你的一切善功必然归于无效,你也必然成为亏损者。(65)"}
It has been revealed to you, and to those before you, that if you ever associate partners with God, all your works shall certainly come to nothing, and you shall certainly be among the lost. (65)
你们应当唯独崇拜真主,并且成为感恩者。(66)
You shall worship God alone, and be one of those who give thanks [to Him]. (66)
他们对真主没有真正的认识:在复活日,整个大地在祂手中不过是一把,诸天将被卷起在祂的右手中。祂至高无上,荣耀无限,超越他们用来与祂并列的一切。(67)
No true understanding of God have they: on the Day of Resurrection, the whole earth will be a mere handful to Him, and the heavens will be rolled up in His right hand. Limitless is He in His glory, and sublimely exalted above anything which they associate as partner with Him. (67)
号角将被吹响,天地间所有的受造物都将昏厥倒地,除了真主所意欲保全的。随后将再次吹响号角,它们便会站起来四处张望。(68)
The trumpet will be sounded, and all creatures that are in the heavens and the earth will fall down senseless, except those God wills to be spared. It will then be sounded a second time, and they will rise and look around them. (68)
大地将因其主的光辉而明亮;功过簿将被展开;众先知和见证人都将被带到。
The earth will shine bright with the light of its Lord; the Record of Deeds will be laid open; all the prophets and the witnesses will be brought in.
他们所有人都将依公正接受裁决,他们不会受到不公的对待;(69)
Judgement will be passed on them all in justice, and they will not be wronged; (69)
每个人都将获得他所行之事的完全报偿。他完全知晓他们所做的一切。(70)
for every human being will be repaid in full for whatever they have done. He is fully aware of all that they do. (70)
不信道者将成群结队地被驱赶入火狱。
The unbelievers will be led to hell in throngs.
当他们到达那里时,its(其)门将被打开,看守它的人将问他们:"难道没有从你们中间来的使者,为你们诵读你们主的启示,并警告你们这一天吗?"他们将回答:"是的,确实有。"但刑罚的判决早已加在不信道者身上。(71)
When they reach it, its gates will be opened, and its keepers will ask them: ‘Did there not come to you messengers from among yourselves, who recited to you your Lord’s revelations and forewarned you of this day?’ They will answer: ‘Yes, indeed.’ But the sentence of suffering will have already been passed against the unbelievers. (71)
“有人将被告知:‘你们进入火狱的诸门,永居其中。’傲慢者的归宿是何等恶劣!”(72)
They will be told: ‘Enter the gates of hell; there you will abide.’ How vile an abode for the arrogant! (72)
信士们将成群结队地被引向乐园。当他们到达时,将会发现乐园的大门敞开着;守卫乐园的天使将对他们说:
And the believers will be led to paradise in throngs. When they reach it, they shall find its gates wide open; and its keepers will say to them:
"愿平安降临你!你做得好。请进:"
‘Peace he to you! Well have you done. Come in:
"你将永远留在此处。"(73)
you are here to stay.’ (73)
他们将会说:"一切赞颂都归于真主,他使他对我们的应许得以实现,并把这片土地赐给我们作为居所。如今我们可以在乐园中随心所欲地居住。"努力工作者的报酬是多么美好啊。(74)
They will say: All praise is due to God who has made His promise to us come true and given us this land as our own. Now we may dwell in paradise as we please.’ How excellent is the reward of those who worked hard. (74)
你将看到天使环绕着宝座,赞颂他们的主的荣耀与赞美。一切都将依公正得到裁决,并且有人说:“赞美都归于安拉,万世的主。”(75) Note: the rules say the word for God should be written as the Chinese word for God, never "Allah", so the correct rendering is: 你将看到天使环绕着宝座,赞颂他们的主的荣耀与赞美。一切都将依公正得到裁决,并且有人说:“赞美都归于真主,万世的主。”(75)
You will see the angels surrounding the Throne, extolling their Lord’s glory and praise. Judgement will have been passed on all in justice, and it will be said: All praise is due to God, the Lord of all the worlds.’ (75)
概述
Overview
这部经章的最后一部分,从造物主的独一性角度阐明其主题——真主的独一。造物主创造并掌管万物,这一点说明了不信道者要求先知与他们一同拜偶像、以换取他们与先知一同崇拜真主之提议是何等荒谬。既然真主是万物的创造者和主宰,又怎能有人与祂并列受拜?当他们把同伴归于真主,而祂主宰一切、令万物都服从祂的旨意时,“他们并不真正认识真主”:“在复活日,整个大地将在祂手中仅是一握,诸天将被卷起,在祂的右手中。”(第67节)经章在此描绘审判日的景象,并呈现了那一日独特的场景,最终是天使环绕真主的宝座,赞颂他们主的尊严与美德。整个宇宙也随之与他们一同赞颂:“赞颂全归真主,祂是众世界的主。”(第75节)这便是关于真主独一的决定性宣言。
This final part of the sūrah presents its main theme, God’s oneness, from the angle of the oneness of the Creator who created and controls everything. This serves to show how singular the unbelievers’ offer to the Prophet was that he should join them in worshipping their idols in return for them joining him in worshipping God. Since God is the Creator and Controller of all, how could anyone be worshipped alongside Him? “No true understanding of God have they,” when they associate partners with Him when He has sway over all and everything, subjecting them all to His will: “on the Day of Resurrection, the whole earth will be a mere handful to Him, and the heavens will be rolled up in His right hand.” (Verse 67) As this image of the Day of Judgement is shown here, the sūrah presents a unique scene of that day, culminating with the angels surrounding God’s throne, extolling their Lord’s glory and praise. The entire universe joins them in their praises: “All praise is due to God, the Lord of all the worlds.” (Verse 75) This is, then, the decisive word on the issue of God’s oneness.
错误的理解
False Understanding
真主是万物的创造者,他也是万物的监护者。天地的钥匙都属于他。那些否认真主之迹象的人,必定是亏折者。(经文第62-63节)
God is the Creator of everything, and of all things He is the Guardian. His are the keys of the heavens and the earth. Those who deny God’s revelations will surely be the losers. (Verses 62-63)
这是一个所有宇宙事物都加以印证的真理。没有人能够声称自己创造了任何东西。任何理性的人都不能宣称这个宇宙无需造物主便已存在,因为其中的每一样事物都证明了其中有精密的规划和明确的目的。从最微小到最庞大,其中没有任何事物是听凭偶然的:"他是万物的监护者。"(第62节)天地皆在他的掌管之下。他按照自己的意愿management其事务。它们依照他为其设定的体系运行。除他的意志之外,没有任何其他意志干预任何事物。这一点为人的天性所承认,为实际事实所证实,并为理性与良知所认可。
This is the truth that everything in the universe confirms. No one can ever claim to create anything. No rational being can claim that this universe came into existence without a creator, when everything in it testifies to elaborate planning and a clear purpose behind creation. Nothing in it, from the very small to the very large, is left to chance: “Of all things He is the Guardian.” (Verse 62) Into His control the heavens and the earth are placed. He conducts their affairs the way He chooses. They operate in accordance with the system He put in place for them. No will other than His interferes with anything. This is acknowledged by human nature, confirmed by practical fact and endorsed by reason and conscience.
“那些否认真主启示的人,必定是亏损者。”(第63节)他们失去了那种使自己在大地上的生活与宇宙的生命相协调、相和谐的理解;他们失去了神圣指引的安慰、信仰的美好、信仰的安宁,以及确信的甘甜。在审判日,他们将失去自己的灵魂和家人。因此,“亏损者”一词以其各种含义和引申之意,完full地适用于他们。
“Those who deny God’s revelations will surely be the losers.” (Verse 63) They have lost the understanding that makes their lives on earth consistent and harmonious with the life of the universe. They have lost the comfort of divine guidance, the beauty of faith, the reassurance of belief and the sweetness of certainty. On the Day of Judgement they will lose their own souls and their families. Hence, the term ‘losers’ applies to them in all its shades and connotations.
有鉴于此真理——天地万物乃至宇宙中的每一个受造物都为之作证——先知奉命如此回应多神教徒的提议,即双方共同崇拜他们的偶像与至高的真主。整个问题仿佛是一桩可以通过妥协来达成的交易:“你说:‘无知的人们啊!你们叫我崇拜除真主以外的别物吗?’”(第64节)面对这样一个愚蠢、只暴露出无知的提议,这正是自然的反应。
In the light of this truth, testified to by the heavens, the earth and every creature in the universe, the Prophet is instructed in how to reply to the idolaters’ offer of both parties joining together in the worship of their idols and God Almighty at the same time. It is as if the whole question is a bargain to be struck by compromise: “Say: You ignorant people! Would you bid me worship anyone other than God?” (Verse 64) This is the natural reaction to such a stupid offer that betrays nothing but ignorance.
这之后是对于以任何事物与真主并列的明确警告,首先针对的是众先知和真主的使者,他们连一丝一毫与真主并列的念头都绝不会有。然而,这也旨在提醒所有其他人:在谁应当被崇拜的问题上,真主独一无二,没有任何同伴;而在奉献崇拜的问题上,包括众先知和真主的使者在内的全体人类,与真主的其他仆人处于同等的地位。经文说:"曾有启示给你和你以前的众先知:如果你以物配主,你的善功必定归于无效,你必定是亏折者。"(第65节)
关于"Yad"(手)这一属性的进一步讨论,请参阅《对〈在古兰经的荫下〉的批判》第1.6节。
§ For further discussion on the Yad attribute, please refer to section 1.6 of A Critique of ‘In the Shade of the Qur’ān.’
一个庄严的场景
A Majestic Scene
我们现在看到的是审判日的一幕,它始于号角的第一次吹响,终于审判完毕、人们被带往各自归宿——天堂或火狱。全能的真主以祂的伟大屹立,整个宇宙都在重复颂扬祂的圣洁与赞美。这是一幅独特的场景:开始时充满生机与动感,随后逐渐放缓,直至一切动作止息,万物静立。于是,一片彻底的寂静笼罩着人们被召集受审的场所,所有人都谦卑地站在全能的真主面前。
We now have a scene of the Day of Judgement that begins with the first blowing of the trumpet and ends when the judgement is passed and people are being led to their respective places, either heaven or hell. God Almighty stands in His greatness while the entire universe repeats His glorification and praise. It is a unique scene which is, as it starts, full of life and movement, but one which then slows down until every movement ceases and all stand still. Thus, complete stillness covers the place where all are brought for judgement, standing humbly before God Almighty.
吹响号角的第一声被吹响,此时仍然活在大地和天上的一切受造物都会昏厥倒地,唯有真主所饶恕的除外。
The first blow on the trumpet is made, and all creatures who until that moment remained alive on earth and in the heavens fall senseless, except those God spares.
我们不知道第二次吹响号角之前会过去多少时间:"号角将被吹响,天地间的一切生灵都将昏厥倒地,除了神所意欲保全的那些。然后它将被再次吹响,他们就会站起来,环顾四周。"(第68节)这里没有提到第三次吹响号角,即集合所有人的那一次。这里也没有提到喧嚣与拥挤,因为此处的场景是一幅寂静的画面,所有人都极其缓慢地移动。
We do not know how much time elapses before the second blow is sounded on the trumpet: “The trumpet will be sounded, and all creatures that are in the heavens and the earth will fall down senseless, except those God wills to be spared. It will then be sounded a second time, and they will rise and look around them.” (Verse 68) The third blow of gathering them all is not mentioned here. Nor is there mention of the bustling and the crowding, because the scene here is a quiet one, where all move very gradually.
“大地将因其主的光明而光亮。”(第69节)这片大地就是一切行动发生的场所。不言而喻,除了其主至大者的光明,再没有别的光明。“记录善恶的经册将被打开。”这是记载一切受造者所有行为的经册。“众先知和见证人将被带来。”他们将依据所知的真相作证。这里没有提及任何争辩或争执,是为了保持整个场景所弥漫的、在主面前的威严与谦卑氛围。“他们all将依公正受审,他们不会受到不公的对待;因为每个人都将得到其所作所为的完全报应。他最清楚他们所做的一切。”(第69-70节)此时无需一言,也无需提高声音。关于清算、提问与回答的整幅画面,都因不符合所展现的威严氛围而被略去不提。
“The earth will shine bright with the light of its Lord.” (Verse 69) This is the earth where all action will take place. Needless to say, there is no light other than the light of its Lord Almighty. “The Record of Deeds will be laid open.” It is the book in which all deeds by all creatures are entered. “All the prophets and the witnesses will be brought in.” They will testify stating the truth they know. No argument or dispute is mentioned here so as to maintain the atmosphere of majesty and humility before God that permeates the entire scene. “Judgement will be passed on them all in justice, and they will not be wronged; for every human being will be repaid in full for whatever they have done. He is filly aware of all that they do.” (Verses 69-70) There is no need for a word to be said or a voice to be raised. The whole picture of reckoning, questions asked and answers given, is folded without mention because it does not fit with the ambience of majesty expressed.
终极归宿
The Ultimate Destination
“不信道者将成群结队地被赶往火狱。待他们抵达时,狱门将被打开。”(第71节)守卫火狱的天使将以一句话迎接他们,宣告他们理应如此,并提醒他们落入此境的缘由:“火狱的守卫者会问他们:‘难道不是你们中间的使者来到你们面前,为你们诵读主的启示,并警告你们将有这一天吗?’他们会回答:‘确实有过。’但刑罚之言已经降临在不信道者身上。”(第71节)此时的姿态是服从,没有任何争辩与争执。他们接受自己的命运,顺从自己的归宿:“有话对他们说:‘进入火狱的诸门,你们将永居其中。’骄傲者的归宿何其恶劣!”(第72节)
“The unbelievers will be led to hell in throngs. When they reach it, its gates will be opened.” (Verse 71) The angels keeping guard will receive them there with a statement that they deserve their lot, reminding them of the reasons why they have ended up there: “its keepers will ask them: ‘Did there not come to you messengers from among yourselves, who recited to you your Lord’s revelations and forewarned you of this day? They will answer: ‘Yes, indeed.’ But the sentence of suffering will have already been passed against the unbelievers.” (Verse 71) The position is one of submission, without any argument or dispute. They accept their lot and submit to their fate: “They will be told: ‘Enter the gates of hell; there you will abide.’ How vile an abode for the arrogant!” (Verse 72)
这就是傲慢一方的命运,注定入火狱。那另一方,即敬畏真主的人呢,他们注定进入乐园。
Such is the fate of the arrogant party, destined for hell. How about the other party, the God-fearing who are destined for heaven?
信士们将成群结队地被引向乐园。他们到达乐园时,乐园的大门已经敞开;守护乐园的天使将对他们说:愿你们平安!你们行善有成,请进去吧,你们将永居其中。(第73节)
And the believers will be led to paradise in throngs. When they reach it, they shall find its gates wide open; and its keepers will say to them: Peace be to you! Well have you done. Come in: you are here to stay. (Verse 73)
这是一句热情的欢迎,同时赞扬这些受欢迎者,并说明他们获得回报的原因:"你们做得很好。你们洗净了自己的罪恶,过着清洁的生活,并以这样的纯洁来到这里。只有纯洁的人才能进入天堂。因此,你们将永远留在这里。"
It is a warm welcome, coupled with pleasant praise of the recipients and an outline of the reasons for which they deserved their reward: Well have you done.” You purified yourselves of sin, lived a pure life and came here with such purity. None but the pure enter heaven. Therefore, you are to remain here forever.
此时,天堂之民的声音高声颂扬和赞美真主:“他们说:一切赞美都归于真主,祂使祂对我们的应许成为现实,并将这片土地赐予我们作为产业。”(第74节)这才是值得继承的土地。
At this point, the voices of the people of heaven are raised high in glorifying and praising God: “They will say: All praise is due to God who has made His promise to us come true and given us this land as our own.” (Verse 74) This is the land worth inheriting.
他们可以在其中随意居住,想要什么就取用什么。“勤勉工作之人的报酬是多么美好啊。”(第74节)
They live in it wherever they wish, taking from it whatever they want. “How excellent is the reward of those who worked hard.” (Verse 74)