《赦宥者》（Ghafir） - 《古兰经》的荫庇之下 | Quran Course

《赦宥者》（Ghafir） - 《古兰经》的荫庇之下 | Quran Course

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《赦宥者》（Ghafir）

Ghafir (The Forgiver)

by Sayyid Qutb5 min readViewed 161 times

序言

Prologue

本章涉及真理与虚妄、信仰与不信、使命及拒绝它的人们,以及不正当的暴政,还有真主如何惩罚那些试图把自己的意志强加于他人的暴君。它也提到信士的地位,即那些遵循神圣指引、服从真主诫命的人。经文还提到天使如何为信士祈求宽恕其罪过,以及真主如何应允他们的祈祷。此外,它还谈到他们在后世所将获得的回报。

This surah deals with the major issues of truth and falsehood, faith and unfaith, the message and those who reject it, as well as unjustifiable tyranny and how God smites tyrants who seek to impose their will on others. It also refers to the position of believers who follow Divine guidance and obey God’s commandments. It mentions how the angels pray that they may be forgiven their sins, and how God answers their prayers. It also speaks about the reward awaiting them in the life to come.

因此,这一章的主题决定了它通篇的氛围是一场战斗,即真理与虚妄之战、信仰与暴政之战。每当提及信士时,其间便穿插着恩典与怜悯的气息。整体氛围则通过描述先前的民族因反对神圣信仰而被毁灭的情形,以及对末日审判的多幅图景而形成。总而言之,这些令人敬畏的画面与本章肃穆的气氛相契合。

Such being its subject matter, the whole atmosphere of the surah is one of a battle, the battle between truth and falsehood, faith and tyranny. This is interspersed with an air of grace and mercy whenever the believers are mentioned. The general atmosphere is generated through a description of how earlier communities were destroyed as a result of their opposition to Divine faith, as well as several images of the Day ofJudgement. All in all, these awesome images suit the sombre air of the surah.

在古兰经中别处再没有提及他们。经文讲述了法老家族中的一位信士，他一直隐瞒着自己信奉穆萨（Moses）所传信息的事实。他首先设法保护穆萨，使其免遭法老除掉他的企图。他宣讲真理之言，起初说得谨慎，最终公开而明确地宣明。在与法老的辩论中，这位信士提出了有力而清晰的真理证据，警告法老及其族人末日审判的来临，以动人心弦的方式描绘了那一日的某些景象，并提醒他们自己以及其前几代人对约瑟夫（Joseph）及其信息所持的态度。故事的发展方式最终与后世相连，我们看到他们都在那里，在地狱中受煎熬时彼此争辩。对话发生在社会中的弱势群体与他们傲慢的领袖之间，另一场对话则发生在他们所有人与负责看守地狱的天使之间，他们试图寻找出路，而此时已无出路。有鉴于最后这一幕，本章指示先知穆罕默德ﷺ在逆境中保持忍耐，对真主的应许将会实现怀有充分的信心，并赞颂和赞美祂。

There is no reference to them anywhere else in the Qur’an. They tell us of a believer from Pharaoh’s own household, who concealed the fact that he believed in Moses’ message. He tries first to protect Moses against Pharaoh’s attempt to kill him. He states the word of truth, putting it cautiously at first, then ultimately declaring it openly and clearly. In his argument with Pharaoh, this believer presents strong and clear evidence for the truth, warns Pharaoh and his people of the Day ofJudgement, describes some images of the day in an inspirational way and reminds them of their attitude and that of generations before them to Joseph and his message. The story is developed in such a way as to link it, eventually, to the life to come, and we see them all there, disputing among themselves as they suffer in hell. The dialogue occurs between the weak elements of society and their arrogant leaders, on the one side, and another takes place between them all and the angels in charge of hell, trying to find a way out when there is none. In the light of this last scene, the surah directs the Prophet Muhammad to remain patient in adversity, to have full trust that God’s promise will come true, and to glorify and praise Him.

那些选择保持傲慢的人，最终必将带着彻底的屈辱进入地狱。这里，经文描述了他们所忽视的一些普遍迹象。我们看到，夜晚被描绘为休息的时间，白昼被赋予了眼睛；大地被描绘为安居之所，天空则如同穹顶。关于人自身，经文也提醒他们思考真主所赋予他们的美好形体与样貌。经文指示他们以诚心归顺真主。它命令先知与他们所崇拜的对象划清界限，宣告真主对他的命令：拒绝他们所崇拜的神明，并顺服万世的主。经文还提到，宇宙的创造者真主，最初用泥土创造了人类，继而用精子创造，以此来使他们的心更加敏感地回应。真主赐予生命，也主宰死亡。经文again让先知对那些争辩真主的人感到惊讶，并警告他们将面临后世的惩罚，并以一幅极其有力的画面描绘了这种惩罚：“他们很快就会知道，当枷锁和镣铐套在他们颈上，他们将被拖入沸水之中，然后在火狱中被焚烧。”（第70-72节）诚然，他们所崇拜的那些对象将否认他们的崇拜，而他们自己则否认曾经崇拜过任何人。最终，他们将进入地狱，并被告知：“现在就进入地狱之门，你们将永居其中。傲慢者的归宿是多么恶劣啊。”（第76节）再次，依照这一场景，先知被指示在逆境中保持忍耐，并信赖真主的应许必将实现，无论他是否还活着见证这应许的部分内容，还是在其实现之前死去。这一应许必将在其指定的时刻成真。

Those who choose to remain arrogant will inevitably enter hell in complete humiliation. Here the surah portrays some of the universal signs that they ignore. We see the night portrayed as a time for rest and the day is given eyes, while the earth is shown as a resting place and the sky a canopy. In relation to themselves, the surah also reminds them to reflect on the pleasing shape and form God has given them. It directs them to submit to God with sincerity. It instructs the Prophet to distance himself from what they worship, declare Gods order to him to reject their deities and to submit to the Lord of all the worlds. It seeks to make their hearts more responsive by mentioning that God, the Creator of the universe, is the One who originated them from dust first, then , from a gamete. It is He who gives life and deals death. Again the surah makes the Prophet wonder at those who argue about God, warning them against punishment in the hereafter, and portrays a very powerful image of such punishment: “ They will certainly come to know when, with chains and shackles round their necks, they will be dragged into scalding water, and then burnt in the fire ofhell.” (Verses 70-72) Indeed, those whom they worshipped will disown their worship, while they themselves deny having ever worshipped anyone. Ultimately, they end up in hell, as they are told: “Enter now the gates of hell, where you shall abide. Evil indeed is the abode ofthe arrogant.” (Verse 76) Again, in the light of this scene the Prophet is instructed to remain patient in adversity, and to trust in the fulfilment of God s promise, whether he remains alive to see some of what this promise involves or he is made to die before its fulfilment. The promise will come true at the time appointed for it.