真主亲自作证,天使和有学问的人也作证:除他以外,没有应受崇拜的神明,他是秉持公正的。除他以外,没有应受崇拜的神明,他是万能的,是至睿的。(第18节)

God Himself bears witness, and so do the angels and men of knowledge, that there is no deity save Him, the Executor of Justice. There is no deity save Him, the Almighty, the Wise. (Verse 18)

到目前为止，这一章主要确立了真主独一的基本事实：祂是整个宇宙的主宰和养护者，掌管其一切事务。章中还强调了神圣启示与信息的统一性。它描述了真信士的态度，以及心已偏离真理者对真主的启示和祂的经典所持的态度。章中也以那些过去与现在否认真理者所遭遇的毁灭，警告偏离正道者。此外，章中指出了阻止人们领悟这些教训的种种天性上的动机，同时说明敬畏主的人如何转向他们的主，并寻求祂的庇护。

So far the sūrah has concentrated mainly on establishing the basic fact of the oneness of God, the Lord and sustainer of the whole universe, Who controls all its affairs. It has also emphasised the unity of the Divine revelation and message. It has described the attitudes of the true believers, and those whose hearts have swerved from the truth, towards God’s revelations and His book. It has also threatened the deviants with a doom similar to that which befell those who denied the truth both in the past and in the present. It has further pointed out the natural motives which prevent people from learning these lessons, showing at the same time how the God- fearing turn to their Lord and seek His refuge.

从第18节到第32节，本章接着讲述了另一个事实，它是前面那一点的逻辑必然结果。真主是独一的，没有任何同伴，这一事实需要在人的生活中得到实际的印证，本段经文对此作了清楚的阐明。

Beginning with verse 18 and continuing up to verse 32, the sūrah now speaks of another fact which logically results from the preceding one. The fact that God is One and has no partners requires practical confirmation in human life and this is clearly stated in this passage of the sūrah.

本段经文在重述本章开篇诸节所陈述的事实，以阐明由此而来的根本结论。这里有真主的见证，也有天使和有学识之人的见证，都证明“除他之外，别无应受崇拜的主”。此外还有一项神圣的属性，它源于他是宇宙的维护者这一事实，即他在人类之间，也在整个宇宙之中，维持公正。

The passage begins with a reiteration of the fact stated in the opening verses of the sūrah in order to outline its essential consequences. We have here a testimony from God, as well as a testimony from the angels and the people of knowledge that “there is no deity save Him.” Added to this is the Divine attribute which results from the fact that He is the Sustainer of the universe, that is, He maintains justice among people and in the universe at large.

我们必须接受这一基本事实：真主是整个宇宙唯一的主宰与护持者。我们的接受主要体现在唯独顺服真主，并在一切事务上以真主为依归。它还体现在服从我们永恒的主人真主，追随祂的使者，并在生活中践行祂的启示。

We are required to accept this basic fact of God being the only Lord and Sustainer of the whole universe. Our acceptance is manifested primarily by our submitting ourselves to God alone and referring to Him in all matters. It is further manifested by obeying God, our Eternal Master, and following His messenger and implementing His revelations in our lives.

真主亲自作证,天使和有学问的人也作证:除他以外,没有应受崇拜的神明,他是秉持公正的。除他以外,没有应受崇拜的神明,他是万能的,是至睿的。(第18节)

God Himself bears witness, and so do the angels and men of knowledge, that there is no deity save Him, the Executor of Justice. There is no deity save Him, the Almighty, the Wise. (Verse 18)

这里所陈述的是伊斯兰信仰中最根本的一面，即真主独一的事实，以及祂是宇宙永恒的主宰，维持并执行公正。这正是本章开篇所阐明的同一原则：

We have here a statement of the most essential facet of Islamic ideology, namely the fact of the oneness of God and that He is the Eternal Master of the universe Who maintains and executes justice. It is the same principle with which this sūrah opens:

"真主：除祂之外，别无应当崇拜的主，祂是永生的，是万物的维持者。"本章的终极目标，是清楚阐明伊斯兰信仰的真正本质，消除有经人对它所提出的一切疑虑。它既要从那些不信道者的心中消除这些疑虑，也要从那些可能受他们影响的穆斯林心中消除。

“God: there is no deity save Him, the Ever-living, the Eternal Master of all.” The ultimate objective of this sūrah is to establish in absolute clarity the true nature of the Islamic faith, and to dispel all doubts about it raised by people of earlier revelations. It seeks to dispel such doubts both from the minds of those unbelievers as also from the minds of those Muslims who may fall under their influence.

对于任何信仰真主的人来说，真主见证除祂之外别无应受崇拜者，这一见证已经足够。诚然，这种见证或许只被认为对信仰真主的人足够，因为他本身无需这一见证。然而，这并不是绝对正确的。先前启示的信徒信仰真主，但同时他们坚持认为真主有子嗣和同伴。多神教徒自己也曾宣称他们信仰真主。他们的偏离与谬误表现为将同伴、同等者和子嗣归于真主。当这两类人被告知真主亲自见证除祂之外别无应受崇拜者时，这一陈述在纠正他们的信仰方面有着显著的作用。

A testimony from God that there is no deity other than Him is sufficient for anyone who believes in God. Indeed, such a testimony may be thought sufficient only for a believer in God, for he is not in need of it as such. However, this is not absolutely true. People of earlier revelations believe in God, but at the same time they maintain that He has a son and a partner. The idolaters themselves used to profess that they believed in God. Their deviation and error took the form of ascribing partners and equals and children to God. When both groups of people are told that God Himself bears witness to the fact that there is no deity save Him, then this statement has a marked effect in correcting their beliefs.

然而，此事更为精微深奥。这里，真主见证除他之外别无应受崇拜者，这一见证被用作阐明其内涵的前提。

The matter, however, is much finer and more profound. God’s testimony that there is no deity except Him is given here as a prelude to outlining what it entails.

既然真主亲自强调祂的独一性,因此祂不接受仆人对祂的任何奉献,除非是纯粹地专一敬拜祂,这种敬拜表现为伊斯兰,即顺服祂。这种顺服不局限于信仰与情感的领域;它必须体现为对真主的全面服从,以及对祂在启示中所阐明之律法的自觉执行。若从这个角度看问题,我们会发现历代都有许多人宣称信仰真主,同时却将神性归于他人。当他们执行与真主律法相违背的法律,服从那些不遵循祂的使者或祂的经典的人,并从祂以外的来源获取其价值观、准则和道德时,便是如此。所有这些行为都与他们宣称信仰真主的说法相悖。

Since He Himself stresses His oneness, He, therefore, does not accept from His servants anything other than pure devotion to Him, which takes the form of Islam or submission to Him. Such submission is not confined to the realm of beliefs and feelings; it must be translated into total obedience to God and a conscious implementation of His law outlined in His revelations. If we view the matter from this angle, we will find many people in all ages claiming to believe in God but at the same time ascribing Divinity to others. This they do when they implement a law which is in conflict with His law, and obey those who do not follow His messenger or His book, and when they derive their values, standards and morals from sources other than Him. All such actions run contrary to their claim that they believe in God.

那些否认上主启示、无理杀害众先知、并杀害主张众人公正的人，你要向他们宣告痛苦的刑罚。他们的功业在今世和后世都将归于虚无，他们也没有任何援助者。 你难道没有留意那些曾获得部分启示的人吗？当他们被召唤去接受上主之经典对他们事务的裁决时，他们中有一部分人却转身离去，置之不理。他们说："火狱只会在有限的几天内触及我们。"他们因自己编造的虚妄信念而在自己的信仰中受了欺骗。那么，当我将他们全部聚集，迎接那无可置疑的日子时，他们将会怎样呢？到那时，每个灵魂都将得到其所作所为的全部报应，而他们不会受到丝毫的不公。（第21-25节）

Those who deny God’s revelations, and slay the Prophets against all right and slay people who enjoin equity among all people: promise them a painful suffering. It is they whose works shall come to nothing in this world and in the life to come; and they shall have none to help them. Have you considered the case of those who have received a share of revelation? When they are called upon to accept the judgement of God’s book in their affairs, some of them turn away and pay no heed. For they claim: “The fire will most certainly not touch us save for a limited number of days.” They are deceived in their own faith by the false beliefs they used to invent. How, then, will it be with them when We shall gather them all together to witness the Day about which there is no doubt, when every soul will be paid in full what it has earned, and they shall not be wronged? (Verses 21-5)

第21节警告人们将遭受痛苦的惩罚。经文并未说明这一惩罚的具体时间，因此它既可能发生在今世，也可能发生在后世。经文同时保证，这些人的一切善功在两世都将化为乌有。经文用了一个极为生动的比喻，借用人们熟知的意象：一头牲畜在有毒的草地上吃草，肿胀起来然后死去。同样，这些人的行为看似势头强劲，似乎会取得巨大成果，但这不过如同中毒牲畜在死亡前的肿胀。他们的一切行为因此都将落空，届时也不会有任何人帮助或保护他们。

The first verse in the above passage, verse 21, warns against a painful suffering. Its timing is not specified. Hence, it is to be expected either in this life or in the life to come. It is coupled with an assurance that all their works shall come to nothing in either life. This is given in a highly vivid mode of expression which draws upon a well-known image of an animal grazing in a poisoned area. It swells up before it dies. Similarly, the actions of such people may appear to gather momentum and to yield great results. This is no more than the swelling up of a poisoned animal prior to its death. All their actions are thus aborted and they will have no one to help or defend them.

我们注意到，古兰经的表述将否认和拒绝神的启示，与不义地杀害众先知联系在一起——因为当先知被杀时，任何正当权利都无从谈起。此外，杀害那些在人类生活中主张公正的人，即那些倡导实施神为人类生活所制定的律法的人——这一律法以公正为基础，唯有它才能维护绝对的公正——这表明警告所针对的是犹太人，因为这正是他们在历史上的显著特征。这并不意味着警告不也针对基督徒：过去，他们曾杀害了成千上万信奉与罗马帝国所采纳的教义相悖之教义的追随者，其中包括那些宣称神是独一的、耶稣基督是人的人。后一群体也属于“主张众人之间公正”的人之列。这也是对任何可能犯下此类可怖罪行之人的永久警告，而这些人可能生活在任何时代。

We note that the denial and rejection of God’s revelation is coupled in the Qur’ānic statement with the totally unjust killing of the Prophets — for there can be no right respected when a Prophet is killed. Furthermore, the killing of those who enjoin equity in human life, which is a reference to those who advocate the implementation of the code God has laid down for human life, which is based on justice and which alone can maintain absolute justice, suggests that the warning is directed at the Jews, for such are their distinctive qualities in history. This does not mean that the warning is not also directed to Christians who in the past killed many thousands of followers of doctrines which were at variance with that adopted by the Roman Empire, including those who declared that God was One and that Jesus Christ was a human being. This latter group are included among those “who enjoin equity among all people.” It is also a permanent warning to anyone who may perpetrate such ghastly crimes, and these may live in any and every age.

你说：“主啊，万国的主宰，你想给谁国权，就给谁国权；你想从谁那里夺取国权，就从谁那里夺取。你想使谁高贵，就使谁高贵；你想使谁卑贱，就使谁卑贱。一切善都在你手中，你对万事都有能力。你使黑夜进入白昼，使白昼进入黑夜；你使活的从死的中生出，使死的从活的中生出。”

Say: “Lord, Sovereign of all dominion, You grant dominion to whom You will and take dominion away from whom You will. You exalt whom You will and abase whom You will. In Your hand is all that is good. You are able to do all things. You cause the night to pass into the day, and You cause the day to pass into the night. You bring forth the living from the dead, and You bring forth the dead from that which is alive.

“你要供给谁，就无算地供给谁。”（第26–27节）

You grant sustenance to whom You will, beyond all reckoning.” (Verses 26-7)

这些经文以神对祂的使者和每一位信士的直接命令的形式出现，要求人们归向神，并陈述神的独一性这一绝对真理，即唯有祂掌管人类的生命和整个宇宙。后一点只是神对整个宇宙之主权的彰显，在这主权中，祂没有同等者，也没有同伴。

These verses take the form of a direct instruction from God to His Messenger and every believer to turn to God, stating the absolute truth of the oneness of God and that He is the only One Who controls human life and the universe at large. This latter quality is simply a demonstration of God’s Lordship of the whole universe in which He has no equals or partners.

当我们执行这一指令时，会注意到它以极其谦卑的口吻发出呼告。祈祷的节奏在结构上十分清晰，其整体效果是一种发自肺腑的恳求。它将宇宙比作一部摊开的书卷，这种表述轻柔地触动着我们的情感。它把神对人类生活的主持与祂对整个宇宙的全面掌控联系在一起，从而强调了由独一的主宰所维系万物这一绝对真理。它还强调，人类的生活只是宇宙生命中的一个组成部分。宇宙承认对神的唯一顺服，这也正是人所应当具有的恰当态度。任何偏离都是愚昧，并会导致迷失与歪曲。

When we carry out this instruction we note that it takes the form of an address made with all humility. The rhythm of a prayer is very clear in its construction, and its total effect is that of a heartfelt appeal. Its references to the universe as an open book touch gently on our feelings. It groups together God’s conduct of human life and His full control of the universe, thus stressing the absolute truth of a single Godhead sustaining all. It also stresses the fact that human life is but one ingredient in the life of the universe. Submission to God alone is acknowledged by the universe, as it is indeed the proper attitude expected of man. Any deviation is a folly which leads to perversion.

"说：'主啊，你是万国的君主，你把国权赐给你所意欲的人，你把国权从你所意欲的人手中夺去。你使你所意欲的人高升，你使你所意欲的人卑贱。'"这表达了真主独一性的自然结果。既然只有一位神明，那么他便是唯一的主宰，是"万国的君主"，没有任何同伴。

“Say: ‘Lord, Sovereign of all dominion, You grant dominion to whom You will and take dominion away from whom You will. You exalt whom you will and abase whom You will.” This expresses the natural result of the oneness of God. Since there is only a single deity, He is then the only Master, “the Sovereign of all dominion” Who has no partners.

他将自己统治权中的任何部分赐予他所意欲的任何仆人。所赐之物就如同借来的物品。物主在任何时候想收回,都保有绝对的权利。因此,没有人拥有原始的统治权,从而享有绝对权力的权利。这只是一种被授予的统治权,须遵守原始主权者所规定的条款与条件。若接受者的行为构成对这些条件的违反,他的行为即为无效。信士有责任在今世阻止他的这种违反。

不要让信士们舍弃信士而以不信道者为盟友。谁这样做，谁就与真主断绝了关系，除非你们为了防备他们而不得不如此。真主警告你们要敬畏祂，因为一切都要归于真主。 你说：“无论你们隐藏心中所想，还是将它公之于众，真主都知道。祂知道天上和地上的一切；真主有能力做任何事。”在那一天，每个灵魂都将面对它所行的善与恶，它会希望自己与那一天之间有一段漫长的时间。真主警告你们要敬畏祂；真主对祂的仆人极其慈悯。 你说：“如果你们爱真主，就当顺从我；真主就会爱你们，并赦宥你们的罪过。真主是至恕的，至慈的。” 你说：“你们当服从真主和使者。”如果他们背弃，真主不喜爱不信道者。（第28-32节）

Let not the believers take unbelievers for their allies in preference to the believers. He who does this has cut himself off from God, unless it be that you protect yourselves against them in this way. God warns you to beware of Him: for to God you shall all return. Say: “Whether you conceal what is in your hearts or bring it into the open, it is known to God. He knows all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth; and God has the power to accomplish anything. On the day when every soul will find itself confronted with whatever good it has done and whatever evil it has done, they will wish that there were a long span of time between them and that day. God warns you to beware of Him; and God is Most Compassionate towards His servants. “Say: “If you love God, follow me; God will love you and forgive you your sins. God is Much- Forgiving, Merciful. “Say: “Obey God and the messenger.” If they turn their backs, God does not love the unbelievers. (Verses 28-32)

这些经文首先确认了前面经文对这类人的谴责：他们曾被赐予真主启示的一部分，却仍然背弃而去，拒绝依照真主的经典来裁决他们之间的纷争。真主的经典为人类的生活制定了律法。他们拒弃了那调整宇宙运行以及人类生活的神圣律例。前面的经文也为本段经文作了铺垫，本段对信士与不信者结盟提出了严厉的警告。由于不信者没有能力掌控宇宙，而一切权力都属于真主，因此唯有真主是信士及其盟友的保护者。

In these verses, we have first a statement confirming the denunciation made in the preceding verses of the attitude of those who have been given a share of God’s revelations, but who have nevertheless turned their backs and refused to submit their disputes for arbitration according to God’s book which lays down God’s code for human life. They have rejected the Divine code which regulates the life of the universe as well as human life. The preceding verses were also a prelude to the stern warning included in the current passage against the believers forging an alliance with the unbelievers. Since the unbelievers have no power to control the universe, and since all power belongs to God, He alone is the guardian of the believers and their allies.

在前文中，本章反复强调，一切权能都属于真主，祂对宇宙拥有绝对的掌控，并且唯独祂供给一切受造物的给养。那么，信士又凭什么理由与真主的敌人结盟呢？真正的信仰不能与同真主的敌人结盟或庇护他们相并存；而这些敌人本应执行真主的启示，却反而轻蔑地背过脸去。

In the preceding passage, the sūrah placed much emphasis on the fact that all power belongs to God, Who is in absolute control of the universe and Who alone provides sustenance to all His creation. How, then, can a believer be justified in forming an alliance with the enemies of God? True faith in God cannot be combined with an alliance with, or patronage of the enemies of God, who are themselves called upon to implement God’s revelations, but who instead turn their backs in contempt.