Yunus 澄清问题 104-109
Yunus Clarification Of Issues 104-109
“人哪,如果你们仍对我的信仰有所怀疑,那么你们要知道:我不崇拜你们舍真主而崇拜的那些,我只崇拜独一的真主,祂将使你们all都死去。我已被命令成为信士中的一员。” Note: the Qur'an verse passage should be enclosed in braces per the instructions, so the translation is: “人哪,如果你们仍对我的信仰有所怀疑,那么你们要知道:我不崇拜你们舍{真主}而崇拜的那些,我只崇拜独一的真主,祂将使你们都死去。我已被命令成为信士中的一员。”
Say: ‘Mankind, if you are still in doubt as to what my faith is, then [know that] I do not worship those whom you worship beside God, but I worship God alone who will cause all of you to die. I have been commanded to be one of those who believe.
(104)
(104)
并且要专心一意地坚守纯正的信仰,不要成为以物配主的人。(105)
And adhere exclusively and sincerely to the true faith, and do not be one of those who associate partners with God. (105)
不要祈求那既不能利益你、也不能伤害你的事物以代替真主。如果你这样做,你必定会成为不义者之一。(106)
Do not invoke, instead of God, anything that can neither benefit nor harm you. For if you do, you will surely be among the wrongdoers.’ (106)
若真主使你遭受任何伤害,除祂之外,无人能够消除;若祂欲以某种福祉赐予你,也无人能够阻止祂的恩惠。祂将恩惠赐予祂所意欲的人。祂确实是至赦的,确实是至慈的。(107)
Should God afflict you with any hardship, none other than He can remove it; and if He wills any good for you, none can withhold His bounty. He bestows it on whomsoever He wills. He is truly Forgiving, truly Merciful. (107)
“说:‘世人啊!真理已经从你们的主那里降临到你们了。谁遵循正道,谁就是为了自己得益;谁迷误,谁就是害了自己。我不是你们的监护人。’”(108)
Say: ‘Mankind, the truth has come to you from your Lord. Whoever chooses to follow the true guidance, does so for his own good; and whoever chooses to go astray, does so at his own peril. I am not responsible for your conduct.’ (108)
你要遵循启示给你的,并且忍耐,直到真主作出判决。他是最公正的判决者。
Follow whatever is revealed to you, and be patient in adversity, until God shall give His judgement. He is the best of all judges.
(109)
(109)
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这一篇经文以末段收束了我们对宇宙的巡礼,以及对人的构成、情感与思想领域的省察。这就像我们带着满载的收获归家,又像长途跋涉之后寻求休憩。本章围绕信仰这一核心主题展开,其主要议题包括:真主的独一,祂没有同伴,也不接受任何中介或代求者;祂绝对的主权与无可抗拒的意志;祂所设立、无人能够修改或变更的律例;启示的真理,它将正道清楚地昭示于众人;以及复活日的清算与赏罚。所有这些议题都借助历史的叙述得到阐明,并以精妙的范例与譬喻加以说明。如今,它们在一个简短的段落中被总结起来。先知被命令向人类宣告这些原则,并申明他将继续沿着自己所遵循的道路前行,直到真主在他与那些反对他的人之间作出裁决。祂确实是最公正的裁决者。
In this its final passage, the sūrah brings to an end our sojourn of the universe, and reflection on aspects of human constitution, and the realms of feeling and thought. It is as if we are returning home with a wealth of riches, as also looking for relaxation after a long journey. The sūrah has dwelt on the central theme of faith with its main issues: the oneness of God, who has no partners and who admits no mediation or mediators; His absolute sovereignty and overpowering will; the laws He has set in operation which no one can amend or change; the truth of revelation which makes the true faith clear to all; the resurrection and the reckoning and reward on the Day of Judgement. All these issues have been clarified with historical accounts and illustrated with fine examples and analogies. Now they are summed up in a short passage. The Prophet is instructed to declare these principles to mankind, making clear that he will continue along the line he has followed until God has judged between him and those who oppose him. He is indeed the best of all judges.
坚持直到末日审判
Perseverance Until Final Judgement
“你说:‘世人啊!如果你们仍对我的信仰有所怀疑,那么[请知道],我不崇拜你们在真主之外所崇拜的那些,我只崇拜那位使你们全体死亡的独一真主。我奉命成为信道者中的一员。’”(第104节)这里命令先知向全人类发言,不过这番话首先是针对麦加那些信奉多神的阿拉伯人。他告诉他们,即使他们对自己所宣讲的信仰真理有所怀疑,这些怀疑也绝不会使他所传扬的真理动摇。他不会为了崇拜他们的假神而改变自己的道路。相反,“我只崇拜那位使你们全体死亡的独一真主。”(第104节)决定每个人寿命长短和死亡时刻的,正是他。在这里强调这一点意义重大,因为它提醒他们真主对他们拥有权能。唯有他才是应当崇拜的对象,而不是那些既不能赋予生命、也不能使人死亡的假神。先知还被命令向他们明确说明自己的教导:“我奉命成为信道者中的一员。”(第104节)他按照所受的命令去履行,不增不减。 “你要正教独守,对于宗教,当始终纯正;你绝不可成为以物配主者中的一员。”(第105节)这里语气转为直接的命令,并且其表达方式仿佛此刻就当着他们所有人发出,这样更加有力。“正教独守”,即专一地转向真主,并接受他所启示给你的,视其为完整的真理。“你绝不可成为以物配主者中的一员。”(第105节)这再次强调了纯正专一地奉守正教、成为信道者之一的含义。这种强调以直接禁止以物配主的形式出现,紧接在信仰这一直接命令之后。 “不要祈求那些既不能给你带来益处,也不能给你带来伤害的,而舍弃真主的事物。否则,你必定成为不义者中的一员。”(第106节)不要向那些不信道者与真主并列为神的存在祈求,因为它们既不能给你带来任何益处,也不能给你带来任何伤害。如果你向它们祈求,你就使自己成为不义者中的一员,因为真主对所有人都是公正的,祂不会偏袒任何人。
“Say: ‘Mankind, if you are still in doubt as to what my faith is, then [know that] I do not worship those whom you worship beside God, but I worship God alone who will cause all of you to die. I have been commanded to be one of those who believe.’” (Verse 104) Here the Prophet is told to address all mankind, although the address is meant in the first instance to the Arabs in Makkah who believed in a multiplicity of deities. He tells them that if they are in doubt about the truth of the faith to which he is calling, then their doubts will never turn him away from the truth which he is preaching. He is not going to change his way so as to worship their false gods. Instead, “I worship God alone who will cause all of you to die.” (Verse 104) He is the One who determines everyone’s span of life and the time when everyone dies. Emphasizing this aspect here is significant because it reminds them of God’s power over them. He is the One to be worshipped, not those false deities which cannot give life or cause death. He is also told to make his own instructions plain to them: “I have been commanded to be one of those who believe.” (Verse 104) He fulfils his orders as they are given to him, without “And adhere exclusively and sincerely to the true faith, and do not be one of those who associate partners with God.” (Verse 105) Here the style changes into a direct order, which is given in such a way that it sounds as if it is being given now in front of them all. This is far more effective. “Adhere exclusively and sincerely to the true faith,” turning to God alone and accepting what He has revealed to you as the complete truth. “And do not be one of those who associate partners with God.” (Verse 105) This re-emphasizes the meaning of sincere and exclusive adherence to the true faith and being one of the believers. The emphasis takes the form of a direct prohibition of associating partners with God which follows a direct order to believe. “Do not invoke, instead of God, anything that can neither benefit nor harm you. For if you do, you will surely be among the wrongdoers.” (Verse 106) Do not appeal to any of those beings whom the unbelievers associate with God, for they cannot bring you any benefit or cause you any harm. If you do appeal to them, you will put yourself among the wrongdoers, because God is fair to all, and He does not show any favouritism to anyone.