《古兰经》第25章：furqān（准则） - 《古兰经》的荫庇之下 | Quran Course

《古兰经》第25章：furqān（准则） - 《古兰经》的荫庇之下 | Quran Course

先知穆罕默德ﷺ独自面对这一切,既没有身体上的力量,也没有财富。他安守自己应有的本分,不向他的主提出任何建议,除了转向他的主、寻求祂的喜悦之外别无所为,不在意其他任何事情。他祈祷说:"我的主啊!只要你不对我不满,我便不在乎所面临的一切……我顺服于你,直到赢得你的喜悦。"在这部章节中,我们看到先知享受着主的慈悯,祂给予他安慰与抚慰,并在他所遇到的种种艰难面前给予他支持,包括他人的嘲讽。毕竟,人们常常对创造他们、赐予他们所拥有的一切的主不够恭敬。因此,先知若遭受一些这样的嘲讽与恶待,也不应过分烦恼。"然而,人们舍弃真主,去崇拜那既不能给他们带来益处,也不能伤害他们的东西。不信道者总是在反对他们的主的一方出力。"(第55节)"然而,有些人舍弃祂而崇拜一些神明,它们不能创造任何东西,自己却是被造的;它们无力为自己避免伤害,也不能为自己带来益处;它们对死亡、生命和复活也没有任何权能。"(第3节)"当他们被告知:'你们要向至仁主叩头',他们却问:'至仁主是谁?'"(第60节)

The Prophet Muhammad, (peace be upon him), confronted all this alone, having neither physical power nor wealth. He stood within his appropriate limits, suggesting nothing to his Lord, doing nothing other than turning to his Lord seeking His pleasure, caring for nothing else. He prayed: “My Lord! If You are not displeased with me, I do not care what I face... To You I submit until I earn Your pleasure.” Here, in this sūrah, we see the Prophet enjoying his Lord’s compassion, who gives him comfort and solace, and provides him with support against all the difficulties placed in his way, including the ridicule of others. After all, they are often impolite with their Lord who creates them and gives them all that they have. The Prophet then should not be much troubled if he receives a little of such ridicule and ill treatment. “Yet people worship, instead of God, things that can neither benefit nor harm them. An unbeliever always gives support against his Lord.” (Verse 55) “Yet, some choose to worship, instead of Him, deities that cannot create anything but are themselves created, and have it not in their power to avert harm from, or bring benefit to, themselves, and have no power over death, life or resurrection.” (Verse 3) “Yet when they are told, ‘Prostrate yourselves before the Most Merciful,’ they ask, ‘What is the Most Merciful?” (Verse 60)

这一章的主旨依然与前面相同:其中一面充满了真主赐予使者的安慰与保证;另一面则描绘了不信者的顽固,以及他们对使者所设置的重重困难。经文警告他们,将要降临的惩罚与毁灭来自全能的真主。如此推进,直至接近结尾时,它洋溢着一种安逸、舒适、平和与安心的气息。经文描绘了一幅关于“至仁主的仆人”的详细图景。他们是这样的人:“他们在大地上温和地行走,当无知者对他们说话时,他们说:‘和平。’”(第63节)在这里,他们被看作是漫长的圣战(即艰苦奋斗)的最终成果——那些顽固拒绝放弃错误之路、不肯遵循神圣引导的人们对抗之后的结果;又或者是人类之树上甜美的果实,尽管它的枝条布满荆棘。这一章的结尾描绘了人类在真主眼中的价值是何等微小,唯有那些归向真主、并且只向祂祈祷的信士例外:“你说:‘如果不是你们向祂祈祷,我的主绝不看重你们。你们确已否认了(祂的启示),而这(罪过)将会紧随你们。’”(第77节)

The sūrah continues along the same lines: one aspect of it overflows with solace and reassurance given by God to His Messenger, and the other portrays the intransigence of the unbelievers and the difficulties they put up against him. It threatens them with punishment and destruction that will be visited upon them by God Almighty. It thus moves on until it approaches its end when it spreads an air of ease, comfort, peace and reassurance. It portrays a detailed image of ‘the servants of God the Most Merciful’. These are the people “who walk gently on earth, and who, whenever the ignorant address them, say: Peace.” (Verse 63) They are seen here as if they are the final product of the long Jihād, or tough striving against people who stubbornly refuse to abandon their erroneous ways and follow divine guidance, or the sweet fruit of the human tree, despite its thorny branches. The sūrah ends with a picture of how little value humanity has in God’s sight, except for those believers who turn to Him and address their prayers to Him alone: “Say: No weight or value would my Lord attach to you were it not for you calling out [to Him]. You have indeed denied [His message], and in time this [sin] will cleave unto you.” (Verse 77)

第一部分开篇颂扬神无限的荣耀，赞美祂降示《古兰经》，作为对世人的警告者。它以清晰明确、毫不含糊的言辞，强调神的独一性以及祂对天地的主权。它肯定祂独自掌控宇宙，并以祂绝对的智慧主宰万事万物，明确指出祂没有子嗣，也没有同伴。随后又提到，不信道者仍将神性归于他们所臆造的神明，而这些神明不能创造任何东西，自己反倒是被创造的。这一切都在他们对神的使者所说的伤害性言论之前陈述：他们否认他的使命，宣称这不过是他自己编造的，或是古代民族的神话传说。这也先于他们对穆罕默德ﷺ——神的使者——是一个吃饭、在街巷和市场中行走的凡人这一异议的任何提及。而在此之后，还有他们的其他言论，认为他应当有天使辅助他，或者应当有宝藏，或者应当有一座花园为他提供全部食物。

The first part begins with extolling God’s limitless glory and praising Him for the revelation of the Qur’ān which serves as a warner to mankind. It emphasizes in clear, unequivocal terms God’s oneness and sovereignty over the heavens and the earth. It affirms that He alone controls the universe and conducts its affairs in His absolute wisdom, making it clear that He has neither offspring nor partner. It then mentions that the unbelievers nevertheless ascribe divinity to alleged deities that can create nothing, but are themselves created. All this is stated before referring to their hurtful statements about God’s Messenger, denying his message and alleging that it is fabrication of his own making, or the fables of ancient communities. It also comes before any reference to their objection to Muhammad, God’s Messenger, being a human being who eats food and walks in the streets and market places. Also later come their other statements suggesting that he should be supported by an angel, or that he should have a treasure or a garden providing him with all his food.