这两节经文构成了这一章经文的最后一段。这一章是《古兰经》中篇幅最长、内容极为丰富的一章。它的主题涵盖了广泛的问题，以及伊斯兰教的基本概念、律例和原则。它阐明了穆斯林共同体在世界上的性质与使命，指明了它的敌人与诽谤者、他们的态度，以及他们用来削弱和瓦解这一共同体的手段，同时也说明了共同体为了粉碎他们的阴谋、挫败他们的计划所应当采取的途径。

These two verses make up the final passage of this comprehensive and remarkable sūrah, the longest in the Qur’ān. Its subject matter covers a wide range of issues and fundamental Islamic concepts, rules and principles. It outlines the nature and role of the Muslim community in the world, and identifies its enemies and detractors, their attitudes and the methods they use to undermine and weaken it, and the means the community has to use in order to combat their intrigues and thwart their schemes.

该章接着阐述了人在世间的本性与职责范围，以及人的弱点和不足。

The sūrah then elaborates on the nature and scope of man’s role in the world, as well as his weaknesses and shortcomings.

这几节结尾的经文简明扼要地总结了本章的主要主题，为其宏大的信息画上了一个富有感召力的句号。

These closing verses give a concise and appropriate summary of the major themes of the sūrah, and form an inspiring conclusion to its grand message.

该章开篇即说：“这便是天经，其中毫无疑问，是敬畏者的指引。那些信仰隐而不见之事、谨守拜功、并将我所赐予他们的施舍出来的人；那些信仰降示于你的经典和降示于你以前的经典、并确信后世的人。”

The sūrah opened with the statement: “This is the Book; there is no doubt about it, a guidance for the God-fearing. Those who believe in what lies beyond the reach of human perception, observe prayer and give of what We bestow upon them. Those who believe in what has been revealed to you and what was revealed before you, and are certain of the Hereafter.

他们遵循主的指引，他们必定成功。（第1-5节）

Those follow their Lord’s guidance, and they shall surely prosper.” (Verses 1-5)

在整部章节中，我们屡次看到伊斯兰教对此前先知和使者所接受之天启的承认与认可。如今本章给出了最终的总结："使者已信了他的主降示给他的经典，信士们也都信了。他们都信真主、他的天使、他的经典和他的使者，我们不分别看待他的任何一位使者。"（第285节）这两段经文相互呼应，犹如一幅艺术品的框架，浑然天成。

Throughout the sūrah we have found frequent references to the recognition and endorsement by Islam of all divine messages revealed to earlier prophets and messengers. Now the sūrah gives the final summation: “The Messenger believes in what has been revealed to him by his Lord, and so do all the believers. Each one of them believes in God, His angels, His Books, and His Messengers. We make no distinction between any of His messengers.” (Verse 285) The two passages coalesce beautifully as if to form the frame of a single work of art.

本章涵盖了个人与社会生活各方面的诸多律法与规范,篇幅颇长。它详细叙述了以色列某些族群的过分行为与傲慢无礼。最后,它明确指出一个人在今世是否履行了自己的义务,将决定其结果。经文强调,真主既不愿为坚守信仰的信士们增加过重的负担,也不会像某些以色列人所自称的那样,给予他们任何特许或优待。真主也不会听任他们自行其是。“真主不把超过一个人能力的责任加在任何灵魂上。它所行的善,归它自己获得;它所作的恶,归它自己承担。”(第二百八十六节)

使者信奉主降示给他的启示，信士们也信奉。他们each都信仰真主、祂的天使、祂的经典和祂的使者。我们不分别祂的任何一位使者。他们说："我们听从，我们顺服。我们的主啊，求你赦免我们，我们终归要回到你那里。"（第285节）

The Messenger believes in what has been revealed to him by his Lord, and so do the believers. Each one of them believes in God, His angels, His books, and His messengers. We make no distinction between any of His messengers. And they say, ‘We hear and we obey. Grant us Your forgiveness, our Lord; to You we shall all return.’ (Verse 285)

《古兰经》提到了那群蒙受特殊恩典的信士，他们是信仰的典范，也提到了此后各代效法他们榜样的群体。这个群体因与真主的使者被相提并论而备受尊崇，并且非常珍视这份荣誉。

The Qur’ān refers to that privileged community of believers who are the archetype of faith, and to all succeeding communities modelled on their example. This community is honoured by, and greatly appreciates, being mentioned in the same breath as God’s Messenger.

使者的信仰直接源于他所接受的、来自真理之源真主的启示。这种信仰的程度，唯有亲身经历过的人才能描述；对于未曾经历天启的凡人而言，它始终难以理解，因此完全独特，专属于真主的使者本人。这也是普通信士与真主的使者并列被提及时，所感到的莫大荣誉。

The Messenger’s faith springs directly from the revelations he receives from God, the ultimate truth. It is a degree of faith that cannot be described except by one who has experienced it; it remains beyond comprehension for those mortals who have not experienced divine revelation and is, therefore, totally unique and exclusive to God’s Messenger himself. That is why it is such an honour for ordinary believers to he mentioned side by side with God’s Messenger.

该章确立了这一信仰的本质与范围。它是一种全面而普世的信仰，与穆斯林社群注定要承担并在世界上扮演的深远而具有历史意义的角色相称。这一承诺将人类在其整个历史进程中划分为两大主要群体：代表真主阵营的信士，以及构成撒旦阵营的不信者。

The sūrah defines the nature and parameters of this faith. It is a comprehensive and universal faith, commensurate with the far- reaching and historic role the Muslim community is destined to inherit and take on in the world. It is a commitment that identifies humanity, throughout its history, as being of only two main groups: the believers who represent the party of God, and the unbelievers who constitute the party of Satan.

“他们每一个人都相信真主……”根据伊斯兰教，信仰真主是穆斯林理解生命的根基，也是支配其生活、道德、经济以及其他一切活动的准则的基础。这意味着相信真主是至高无上的主宰，是万物的主，是唯一值得敬畏和崇拜的对象。在人生的每一个方面，他都是人的良知与行为的最高权威。

“Each one of them believes in God...” According to Islam, belief in God is the foundation of a Muslim’s understanding of life, and of the code governing his life, morals, economic and all other activities. It means believing in God as the Supreme Being, the Lord of everything and the sole object of reverence and worship. He is the ultimate authority over man’s conscience and behaviour in every single aspect of his life.

真主在其神性和对世界的主宰权上没有任何同伴。祂是宇宙的创造者，也是整个宇宙的主动管理者，没有其他任何力量干预祂对物质世界及其中生命的安排和运行。祂是所有受造物生命与给养的唯一供给者。世间所发生的一切，归根结底只有一个原因，那就是祂。若非祂的意志与知识，世上任何事物，无论大小，都不会发生或产生。

那些真正信仰真主、信仰祂的天使、经典和使者的人,深知自己终将归于他们的主,因此他们顺服地转向祂,恳求祂的慈悲与宽恕。"他们说:'我们听从,我们顺从。'

Those who truly believe in God and His angels, books and messengers, know well that they shall return to their Lord, and so they turn to Him in obedience and submission, seeking His mercy and forgiveness. “And they say, ‘We hear and we obey.

“我们的主啊，求你赦宥我们；终归你是我们的归宿。”（第285节）

Grant us Your forgiveness, our Lord; to You we shall all return.’“ (Verse 285)

这种顺服是他们信仰的体现。他们遵从并服从从真主接收到的每一条诫命，以此确认祂的独一，并承认祂的命令在生活的各个方面都是有效的。若不遵循真主的引导、不在每个领域施行祂的法度，任何顺服都无法称得上真诚。人若背弃真主的教导，转而在道德、社会、经济或政治上寻求其他指引，他的信仰就不可能是完整的。信仰是牢牢扎根于人心的品质，只有通过行动表达出来，才值得被认可。

This submission is an expression of their faith. They heed and obey every commandment received from God in affirmation of His oneness and in recognition of the validity of His order in every aspect of life. No submission can be sincere without adherence to God’s guidance and implementation of His rule in every sphere. Man’s faith cannot be complete if he turns his back on God’s teachings and seeks moral, social, economic or political guidance elsewhere. Faith is a quality firmly entrenched in man’s heart and is only given credence when expressed in actions.

伏从于主并顺服祂，会使人产生一种感觉：自己未能充分履行对真主应尽的本分，心怀不足与欠缺。因此，信士们恳求仁慈的真主宽恕他们的过失与缺失：“……我们的主啊，求你赦免我们……”（第285节）

With submission and obedience to the Lord comes a feeling of inadequacy and deficiency in paying one’s dues towards God. Thus believers appeal to the merciful God to overlook their failures and shortcomings: “... Grant us Your forgiveness, our Lord...” (Verse 285)

对宽恕的祈求，紧接在对完全顺服与遵从的宣告之后。随后是对自己今生与来世命运的笃定。真主的话语是最终极的真理；万物终将归于祂；祂是全能的；祂的旨意必成，祂的权能无可挑战；祂的宽恕、慈悲与恩典，为我们逃脱因所犯罪过而应受的惩罚，提供了道路。

The appeal for forgiveness follows the assertion of total submission and obedience. It is then followed by certainty in one’s fate here in this life and in the life to come. God’s word is the final and ultimate truth; everything shall return to Him; He is omnipotent; His will is done and His power unchallenged; His forgiveness, mercy and grace provide the way to escape punishment for sins we commit.

"你们都要回到祂那里。"（第285节）这句经文蕴含着对后世的信仰。从伊斯兰的观点看，这是信仰真主的另一个基本方面。伊斯兰教断言，真主创造了人类，并依据一项明确的盟约，使他成为地上的代理人，而这项盟约涵盖人在世上的一切行为。

“To You we shall all return.” (Verse 285) This statement implies belief in the hereafter, which, from the Islamic point of view, is another essential aspect of faith in God. Islam asserts that God has created man and made him His vicegerent on earth on the basis of a clear covenant encompassing all man’s activities on earth.

经文接着说："真主不加重任何灵魂超过它所能承受的负担。它所行的善，归它自己所得；它所作的恶，也归它自己所担。"（第286节）穆斯林正是在这种真主慈悯与公正的框架之内，以完全的信心和满足，看待自己作为真主在大地上的代理人所承担的责任、履行这些责任时面临的挑战，以及最终所获得的报酬。他深信真主完全知晓他的能力与局限，不会让他负担过重，也不会使他遭受任何强迫或胁迫，因此他心安理得。

The sūrah continues: “God does not charge a soul with more than it can bear. In its favour shall be whatever good it does, and against it whatever evil it does.” (Verse 286) It is within this framework of divine mercy and justice that a Muslim views, with total confidence and satisfaction, his obligations as God’s vicegerent on earth, the challenges he faces in fulfilling those obligations, and the ultimate reward he receives. He is content in the belief that God is fully aware of his abilities and limitations, and will not overburden him or subject him to any duress or coercion.

这不仅使信士的内心充满知足与平安，也激励他竭尽所能地履行自己的职责。他十分清楚，自己所感到的任何乏力，并非因为任务过于繁重，而是源于自身的不足；这反过来又促使他坚定意志，力求在行为上追求卓越。

Not only does this fill a believer’s heart with contentment and peace of mind, but it also inspires him to discharge his duties to the best of his ability. He is fully aware that any weakness he may experience is not because the task is excessive, but due to his own shortcomings, and this, in turn, motivates him to strengthen his resolve and strive for excellence in his actions.

第二部分强调个人对行为的责任：

The second part of the statement emphasizes individual responsibility for action:

“……它所积的善，对它有利；它所犯的恶，对它有害。”（第286节）每个人都要为自己的行为负责。任何责任都不能从一个人转移给另一个人，也没有人能在责任问题上帮助他人。一旦人们领悟了这一原则，他们每一个人都会成为社会中积极主动的力量。他们会成为有责任感的人，准备捍卫真主对他们的权利，绝不愿把这项权利让与任何他人。他们会抵制诱惑、暴政、越轨和腐败，将自己全部的身体与精神都交托于全能的真主。那些屈服于真主之外的势力的人，除非是受到胁迫或强制的人，只能怪他们自己，并且必须承担自己行为的全部后果。

“... In its favour shall be whatever good it does, and against it whatever evil it does.” (Verse 286) Every individual is accountable for his own actions. No responsibility can be transferred from one person to another, nor can any person come to the aid of another in the matter of accountability. Once people appreciate this principle, each and every one of them becomes a positive and active force in society. They become responsible human beings ready to defend God’s right over them, unwilling to concede it to anyone else. They will resist submission to temptation, tyranny, transgression and corruption, and submit their whole physical and spiritual being to God Almighty. Those who give in to powers other than God’s, except those people subjected to duress or coercion, have only themselves to blame and shall have to face the full consequences of their actions.

在审判日，没有人会为他人代求，每个人都将独自站立，接受真主的审判。这激发了健康的个人主义，促使社会中的每一个成员都履行其对社群的义务，而这些义务源于他们对真主所负的义务。

On the Day of Judgement, no one shall intercede on behalf of anyone else, and everyone shall stand alone to face God’s judgement. This inspires healthy individualism, spurring every member of society to fulfil his or her obligations towards the community, which derive from their obligations towards God.

当信士们理解并体会到这些原则的重要性与含义时,他们便恳切地向真主祈求。《古兰经》以其精妙而富有感染力的文体,引述了他们动人而热切的祷词。读者几乎可以看见,世世代代的信士们齐声诵读这段祷词,心中同时怀着希望与敬畏:"我们的主啊,我们若忘记或无意中犯错,求你不要惩罚我们。我们的主啊,求你不要把我们所不能承担的重负加在我们身上,像你加在前人身上的那样。我们的主啊,求你不要让我们负担我们无力承受的事。求你饶恕我们,赦免我们的罪过,并怜悯我们。你是我们的至上主宰,求你助我们战胜不信道的人。"(第二章第286节)

As the believers understand and appreciate the significance and implications of these principles, they make their earnest plea to God. The Qur’ān, in its fine and highly expressive style, quotes their moving, passionate prayer. The reader can almost see the multitudes of believers reciting in unison throughout the generations this prayer, evoked by a dual feeling of hope and fear: “Our Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or unwittingly do wrong. Our Lord, do not lay on us a burden such as that You laid on those before us. Our Lord, do not burden us with what we do not have the strength to bear. Pardon us, and forgive us our sins, and bestow Your mercy on us. You are our Lord Supreme; grant us victory against the unbelievers.” (Verse 286)

这是一段祈祷，清楚地界定了信士与他们的主之间的关系。它语调柔和，节奏动人，其中蕴含着对自身软弱与无助的承认，以及对需要神的襄助、扶持、宽恕与恩典的认识。

It is a prayer that clearly defines the relationship between the believers and their Lord. In its soft tone and poignant rhythm it implies an admission of weakness and helplessness, and a recognition of the need for God’s aid, support, forgiveness and grace.

{"我们的主啊！如果我们忘记了或无心犯了错，求你不要惩罚我们。"}(第286节)

“Our Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or unwittingly do wrong.” (Verse 286)

错误和健忘是人类行为的两大特征。有鉴于此，穆斯林从不夸耀自己的过失，也不故意利用这些过失，更不自视高于真主的旨意，而总是寻求真主的帮助，并悔罪归向祂。对这一祈求的回应，由先知给出，他说：

Error and forgetfulness are two defining characteristics of human behaviour. In recognition of this, a Muslim never boasts of his faults, nor deliberately exploits them, nor places himself above God’s will, but always seeks God’s help and turns to Him in repentance. The answer to this prayer is given by the Prophet who says:

“真主已经赦免我的追随者们因真实的错误、遗忘或被迫而做出的事。”［由阿勒-塔巴拉尼等人转述］“我们的主啊！求你不要把我们所担负不起的重负加在我们身上，正如你加在我们以前的人身上一样。”（第286节）这一祈祷源于对穆斯林群体所承担之重大责任的深刻体认，他们是真主向人类传达之讯息的继承者与守护者。

“God has pardoned my followers anything they do through a genuine mistake, forgetfulness or by compulsion.” [Related by al-Ţabarānī and others] “Our Lord, do not lay on us a burden such as that You laid on those before us.” (Verse 286) This plea stems from an appreciation of the gravity of the responsibility placed upon the Muslim community as heirs and custodians of God’s message to mankind.

它也体现了对曾经接受神启示的先前民族的教训与经历的充分吸纳，正如《古兰经》所叙述的那样。例如，我们在本章前文已经看到，以色列人因其顽固和不肯妥协，曾在多个场合、以多种方式受到责备和惩罚。在《古兰经》的其他地方，我们还读到，因类似的缘故，他们曾被禁止食用某些食物。