上一段以对比的方式概述了信士与否认真主启示者的不同归宿。在那一天，一切主权唯独属于真主，他们最终处于截然不同的境地。这一切都是在真主支持其使者、保护其启示，并为信士与不信者所预备之报酬的语境下给出的。

The previous passage ended with an outline of the opposite destinies of the believers and those who deny God’s message. On the day when all dominion belongs to God alone, they end up in contrasting positions. All this is given within the context of God’s support of His messengers, protection of His message and the reward He has in store for those who believe and those who refuse to believe.

这段经文开篇提到那些为了真主的事业而迁徙的人。他们已被允许为保卫信仰而战，并为抵御不义而自卫。他们被无理地驱逐出家园，原因仅仅在于他们宣称只信仰唯一的真主。经文还说明，真主将补偿他们在迁徙时所遗弃的财产。

This passage begins with a reference to those who migrate for God’s cause. They have already been permitted to fight in defence of their faith and to defend themselves against injustice. They have been driven out of their homes against all right, for no reason other than their declaration that they believed in God alone. The passage also clarifies that God will compensate them for the property they left behind when they migrated.

随后给出一条普遍的裁决,适用于那些遭受不义攻击、试图抵御侵略,却又遭受进一步的暴虐与敌意的人。他们得到了明确而确定的支持承诺。这一坚定的承诺之后,列举了一些真主大能的迹象,这些迹象保证了祂的应许必定实现。这些迹象可见于我们周围的宇宙之中。由此可见,真主对于那些遭受不义、尽管竭力抵御侵略的人给予帮助,是一件与其他宇宙普遍规律同样确定无疑的事情。

A general verdict follows which applies to those who find themselves unjustly attacked and who try to repel aggression, but are then subjected to further tyranny and hostility. They are given a clear and assured promise of support. This firm promise is followed by listing some indicators of God’s power which ensures that His promises will always come true. These indicators are seen in the universe around us. It thus suggests that God’s help to those who suffer injustice, despite their attempts to repel aggression, is a certainty in the same vein as other universal laws.

在经文的这一段，先知收到了一项直接的指示：每个团体都被指示了一种适合其自身情况的行事方式。因此，他不应为与不信者的争论而耿耿于怀。他不可让他们有机会质疑他的方法。如果他们想与他争辩，他应将此事交付真主，真主将在复活日裁决他们所有的分歧。祂是知晓他们所遵循之事实的主，正如祂知晓天地间的一切。

At this point in the passage, the Prophet receives a direct address that each community is shown a course of action, suitable for its own circumstances. Therefore, he should not be preoccupied with arguments with unbelievers. He must not allow them a chance to dispute his method. Should they seek to argue with him, he should leave them to God who judges between them on the Day of Judgement over everything which they differed. He is the One who knows the truth of what they follow, as He knows everything in the heavens and on earth.

该章还提到他们崇拜未获得真主授权的神灵，以及崇拜他们并不认识的存在。他们因心肠刚硬和厌恶听闻真理而受到责备。事实上，他们对那些向他们诵读真主启示的人，并不会有所顾忌而加以攻击。他们被警告将要进入火狱，那里是他们最终的归宿。这是一个永不落空的承诺。

The sūrah also refers to their worship of deities that have no sanction from God, as well as their worship of beings they do not know. They are criticized for being hard hearted and for their dislike of hearing the truth. In fact they would not shrink from attacking those who recite God’s revelations to them. They are threatened with the fire which will be their ultimate abode. This is a promise that will never fail.

至于那些离开家园为主道而奋斗、然后被杀或死去的人，真主必定会赐予他们美好的给养。真主确是最慷慨的供给者。他必定会使他们进入一个他们会非常喜悦的处所。真主确是全知的，宽容的。（第58-59节）

As for those who leave their homes to serve God’s cause, and are then slain or die, God will most certainly grant them a goodly provision. God is indeed the most munificent provider. He will most certainly admit them to a place with which they shall be well pleased. God is surely All-Knowing, Most Forbearing. (Verses 58-59)

迁徙,即离开家园以为真主之道效力,意味着舍弃一切安逸,无论是家人、社群与童年的回忆,还是财产与物质享受。当一个人把信仰置于这一切之上,仅仅为了求得主的喜悦,他便表明这份回报比一切物质财富更为珍贵。在麦加被伊斯兰征服、伊斯兰国家建立之前,迁徙是可行的。此后,迁徙不再有效。当下的要求是为真主之道而奋斗。凡为真主之道如此努力、并献身于其事业的人,将获得与迁徙者相似的回报。

Migration, or leaving one’s home, to serve God’s cause represents a desertion of every comfort whether it be family, community and childhood memories, or property and material comforts. When one puts one’s faith ahead of all this for no other reason than to earn God’s pleasure, one demonstrates that such a prize is more valuable than all material goods. Migration was possible before Makkah fell to Islam and the Islamic state was established. After that, migration was invalid. The requirement now is to strive in serving God’s cause. Whoever strives thus for God’s cause and dedicates himself to its service receives a similar reward to that of migration.

“至于那些离开家园为主的事业而奋斗，随后被杀或死去的人，主必定赐予他们美好的给养。”（第58节）无论他们是在战场上殉道，还是在家中正常死去，这一点都适用。他们离开家园和财产，随时准备面对任何境况，只是为了侍奉主。他们以各种可能的方式追求殉道，舍弃了一切世俗的安逸。因此，主为他们因主的缘故所舍弃的一切给予丰厚的补偿：“主必定赐予他们美好的给养。主确是最慷慨的供给者。”（第58节）这样的给养胜过他们所留下的一切。

“As for those who leave their homes to serve God’s cause, and are then slain or die, God will most certainly grant them a goodly provision.” (Verse 58) This applies whether they die in battle, earning martyrdom, or die normally in their homes. They left their homes and property ready to face any eventuality only to serve Him. They sought martyrdom in any way it might come, sacrificing every worldly comfort. Therefore, God compensates them richly for what they abandoned on His account: “God will most certainly grant them a goodly provision. God is indeed the most munificent provider.” (Verse 58) Such provisions are better than everything they leave behind.

“他必将使他们进入一个他们会喜悦的处所。”（第59节）他们离开家乡是为了让真主喜悦，作为回报，真主应许他们，他们必将对真主为他们安排的地位感到满意。这确实是真主赐予他们的尊荣的明显体现：真主确保回应他们的愿望，并使他们对从祂那里所得的一切感到满意。“真主确实是全知的，最宽容的。”（第59节）祂完全知道他们所遭受的不公，也知道什么能让他们感到得到了充分的补偿。祂也是最宽容的，给不信者宽限，使他们醒悟到自己是错误的。最终，祂会给遭受不公的人以相称的报答，给施行不公的人以相称的惩罚。

“He will most certainly admit them to a place with which they shall be well pleased.” (Verse 59) They departed in a way that pleased God, and in return He promises that they will be well pleased with the position into which He will admit them. It is indeed a clear aspect of the honour God grants them when He makes sure of answering their wishes and ensuring that they are pleased with what they receive from Him. “God is surely All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.” (Verse 59) He is well aware of what they have suffered of injustice and what makes them feel well compensated. He is also forbearing, giving the unbelievers respite in order that they realize that they are in the wrong. He eventually gives fitting reward to those who suffer injustice and fitting punishment to those who inflict injustice.

这一切都关乎一个根本事实:真主是终极而绝对的真理。掌管宇宙、运行其各种体系的,正是祂的真理。其他一切都是虚假的、不规律的,且无法持续:"这是因为真主才是终极的真理,而人们在祂之外所祈求的,都是纯粹的虚妄;这是因为真主才是至高、至大的。"(第62节)

All this relates to the essential fact that God is the ultimate and absolute truth. His is the truth that controls the universe and operates its systems. Everything else is false, irregular, and cannot be maintained: “Thus it is, because God alone is the Ultimate Truth, and all that people invoke beside Him is sheer falsehood, and because God alone is Most High, Great.” (Verse 62)

这是一个充分的解释，也是一个保证：真理与公义必然获胜，而虚妄与侵略必然失败。这与宇宙律则无误运行的保证是同一的。这些律则与现象之一便是：真理必将得胜，虚妄必遭可耻的失败。神无疑远远超越那些意图向弱者炫耀权力的绝对统治者。经文以这样的评述作结："唯有神至高至大。"因此，祂不会任由侵略膨胀，也不会让不义永存。

This is an adequate explanation and a guarantee that truth and justice will inevitably triumph, while falsehood and aggression are certain to be defeated. It is the same guarantee that the laws of the universe will operate without fail. One of these laws and phenomena is that the truth will be victorious and falsehood will suffer a humiliating defeat. God is certainly far superior to any absolute ruler who seeks to demonstrate his power over the weak. The verse concludes with this comment: “God alone is Most High, Great.” Hence, He will not allow aggression to swell, or injustice to he everlasting.

此外，自然界中的其他现象也展示着真主的大能，成为恒常可见的迹象。

Further natural phenomena are shown as permanent indicators of God’s power:

“你难道没有看到，真主从天上降下雨水，大地便变得翠绿吗？真主是精微的，是彻知的。”（第63节） 我们时常看到这样的景象：雨水从天而降，不久大地便披上绿装。然而，由于长久习以为常，我们往往对此视而不见。但对于心胸开阔的人来说，这一幕会唤起许多感触。有时，你看到一株嫩芽从黑色的泥土中探出头来，便能感受到它的清新与生机。它让人想起快乐微笑着面对周围世界的孩童，当他们看到渐渐洒满的阳光时，几乎要欢欣得飞舞起来。

“Are you not aware that God sends down water from the skies, whereupon the earth becomes green. God is unfathomable in His wisdom, All Aware.” (Verse 63) We see this happening all the time: rain pours down from the skies and the earth becomes green within a very short period, but again long familiarity makes us oblivious to this. However, to people with open minds the scene arouses a host of feelings. At times, you look at a green shoot poking out through the black earth and you feel its freshness. It reminds you of young children smiling happily to the world around them, and who almost fly with delight when they see the spreading light.

如果我们有这样的感受,就能恰当地理解经文末尾的这句话:"真主在智慧上是深不可测的,是全知的。"这句评注与我们注视这幅美丽的景象、思索其本质时所产生的感受一样深刻。真主以其深不可测的智慧,在大地深处引发如此精妙的运动,使一根嫩绿的幼芽破土而出,柔弱纤细。凭借真主的大能,它向空中伸展,逆着地心引力向上生长。从天空降下多少雨水、何时降下,也是由真主的知识所决定的,使雨水与泥土相融,让植物得以生长。

If we have such feelings, we can properly understand the comment at the end of the verse: “God is unfathomable in His wisdom, All Aware.” It is as profound a comment as our feelings when we look at this delightful scene and contemplate its nature. It is part of God’s unfathomable wisdom to initiate such subtle movements within the depths of the earth, bringing forth a green shoot, fresh but weak and slim. With God’s power, it stretches out into the air, moving against the law of gravity. It is God’s knowledge that determines the amount of rain that falls from the sky and its timing, so that water mixes with the earth and allows vegetation to grow.

再次,这一章指出了神的大能在自然界中的一些体现:"你们难道没有看见吗?真主为你们制服了大地上的一切,并使船只遵照他的命令在海上航行;他维系着天体,使它们不会坠落到地上,除非经他的允许。真主确是至仁的,确是至慈的,对于人类。"(第65节)这使人们注意到他们所居住的大地,大地上蕴藏着种种广泛的力量和财富,神已将它们制服,供人使用。然而人对神赐予他的恩惠,日夜享受,却仍然浑然不觉。

Once more the sūrah points out some of the aspects of God’s power as seen in nature: “Do you not see that God has made subservient to you all that is on earth, and the ships that sail the sea at His bidding? He it is who holds the celestial bodies, so that they may not fall upon the earth except by His leave. Most compassionate is God, and merciful to mankind.” (Verse 65) This draws people’s attention to the earth they live on, which contains a wide variety of powers and wealth which God has made subservient to man. Yet man remains oblivious of God’s favours which he enjoys night and day.

真主将地球上的一切都安排为供人类使用，使影响地球的自然规律与人类的本性和能力相互契合。倘若这些规律与地球的自然法则相互抵触，人类生命便不可能在这颗星球上存在，人类也无法利用它的资源获得益处。倘若人的身体构造不同于那种能够承受地球大气、呼吸其空气、食用其食物、饮用其水源的状态，人类即使在地球上生存片刻也不可能。倘若地球的密度或人类的构造有所不同，人类便无法在地球上行走或直立：他要么飞向空中，要么陷入地下。

God has placed everything on earth at man’s disposal, by making the laws of nature affecting the earth compatible with man’s nature and abilities. Had these been at variance with the natural laws of the earth, human life would not have been possible on this planet, and man would not have been able to utilize its resources to his benefit. Had he been physically different from the condition which allows him to tolerate the earth’s atmosphere, breathe its air, eat its food and drink its water, man could not have survived on earth for even a very brief time. Had the density of the earth or the human constitution been different, man would not have been able to walk or stand upright on earth; he would either fly in the air or sink into the earth.

如果地球没有大气层,或者空气比现在更重或更轻,人类就会窒息或无法呼吸。

Had the earth been without an atmosphere, or had the air been heavier or lighter than its present condition, man would have suffocated or been unable to breathe.

因此,正是这些自然要素与人类本性的相互契合,使人能够在大地上生活,并从其资源中获益。这只有借着真主的意志才得以实现。

Thus, it is the compatibility of all these natural elements with human nature that makes man able to live on earth and benefit by its resources. This is only feasible through God’s will.

此外,真主通过赋予人类的能力和才智,使大地为人类所用。若没有这些能力,人类就无法开发大地的资源以造福自身。事实上,人类是一项一项地发现这些资源的。每当他的生活需要新的东西,他便发掘出新的宝藏;每当他感到大地某种必需物质的储量即将耗尽,他便找到新的来源或替代材料。如今,尽管石油和其他矿产仍然储量丰富,但核能这一巨大潜力也已经可以利用。然而,人类仍像一个玩火的孩子,很容易烧伤自己和周围的人。因此,他需要遵守真主所制定的生活准则,以便充分利用大地的资源,建设更美好的人类生活,并完成他的使命。

Moreover, God made the earth subservient to man through the powers and abilities He gave man. Without these man would not have been able to tap the resources of the earth to his benefit. As it is, man discovers these resources one by one. Whenever he needs something new for his life, he uncovers new treasures; and whenever he feels that the earth’s reserves of an essential material are running short, he finds new ones or alternative materials. Today, although there remain plenty of oil supplies and other minerals, yet the vast potential of nuclear energy has become available.12 But man is still like a child who plays with fire, and can easily burn himself and those around him. Hence, he needs to abide by the code of living God has laid down so that he can make full use of the earth’s resources to build a better human life and fulfil his mission.

此时，本章转向先知（愿主赐福并使其平安），命令他遵循自己的道路，不必理会不信道者及其徒劳的争辩。他不可让这些人使他偏离真主为他所选定的方法，因为真主已授予他向人类传达祂的讯息的使命。

At this point the sūrah addresses the Prophet (peace be upon him) instructing him to follow his own way, paying no attention to the unbelievers and their futile arguments. He must not allow them to divert him from the method God chose for him, as He assigned him the task of delivering His message to mankind.

为每个民族，我都制定了他们应当遵循的敬拜仪式。

To every community We have appointed ways of worship, which they should observe.

不要让他们把你拖入这方面的争论，而要召唤他们归向你们的主。

Let them not draw you into disputes on this score, but call [them all] to your Lord.

你们确实走在正道上。如果他们与你争辩，你就说：“真主最知道你们所做的一切。”在复活日，真主将在你们所争执的事情上为你们裁决。你们不知道吗？真主知道天上和地上的一切，这一切都记录在经典之中。这对真主来说是轻而易举的。

You are indeed on the right way. Should they argue with you, say: ‘God knows best what you are doing.’ God will judge between you on the Day of Resurrection with regard to all on which you dispute. Do you not know that God knows all that occurs in heaven as well as on earth? Indeed it is all in a record. All this is easy for God.

（第67-70节）

(Verses 67-70)

每个社群都有其自身的生活方式、思想、行为和信仰，这些都受制于真主为规范人的天性、思维、情感以及对外界影响的反应而设定的一贯而精确的法则。一个敞开心扉、回应神圣指引的迹象，并回应宇宙中以及人类灵魂内在相关指引的社群，便会找到通往真主的道路。在这一过程中，它将借助众多指向真主独一性、并鼓励遵从其命令的迹象而受益。反之，一个对这一切关闭心智的社群则是错误的，会陷入更深的迷误。

Every community has its own way of life, thought, behaviour and beliefs, and these are subject to the consistent and accurate laws God has set to regulate people’s nature, thinking, feelings and reactions to outside influences. A community that opens its hearts to the pointers to divine guidance and responds to relevant pointers in the universe and within the human soul finds its way to God. In this, it will benefit by the numerous signs pointing to His oneness and encouraging compliance with His orders. By contrast, a community that shuts its mind to all this is in the wrong, sinking deeper into error.

既然真主为每个民族都制定了一种方式,先知就无需为了那些在与真主的指引背道而驰、固执追随迷误的不信道者而费心争辩。真主指示他,不允许不信道者就他的使命或他所倡导的生活方式与他进行辩论。他必须继续推行这一道路,对任何想要参与争辩和争执的人置之不理。他的道路是正直的,真主亲自作证:“你的确是遵循正道的。”(第67节)这足以让他获得所需的安慰,继续遵循真主的指引。

Since God has appointed a certain way for each community, then the Prophet need not trouble himself with arguments he may put to the unbelievers when they turn away from the path of divine guidance and persist in following error. God instructs him not to allow the unbelievers any chance to dispute with him over his mission, or the way of life he advocates. He must continue to implement it, paying no heed to anyone who wants to engage in argument and dispute. His is a straightforward way, as God Himself testifies: “You are indeed on the right way.” (Verse 67) This gives him all the reassurance he needs to follow divine guidance.

本章现在以一种有力而普遍的宣告，表明人们与真主并列奉为神明的一切存在，包括不义者所求助的那些，都是软弱无力的。它们的软弱，通过一幅生动而引人入胜的画面得以呈现：

The sūrah now makes a powerful, universal declaration that all deities people associate with God, including the ones to which the wrongdoers appeal for help, are weak and powerless. Their weakness is shown in a bustling and captivating scene:

人类啊！这里有一个比喻，你们要留心听取。你们舍真主而祈祷的那些东西，即使它们联合起来，也创造不出一只苍蝇。若苍蝇从它们身上夺走什么，它们也无法把它夺回来。祈求者何其软弱，被祈求者也何其软弱！（第73节）

Mankind. An aphorism is set forth; hearken, then, to it. Those beings whom you invoke instead of God cannot create a fly, even though they were to join all their forces to that end. If a fly robs them of anything, they cannot rescue it from him! Weak indeed is the seeker, and weak the sought! (Verse 73)

这一号召是普世的，包含世界上每一个人，宣告清晰而响亮："人类啊！"当人们被召集来聆听时，他们得知将要听到的是一条普遍原则，而非只适用于某一特定场合的个别情形。"一个譬喻已经提出，你们就听着吧。"这是一个适用于一切情况的事实陈述："你们舍真主而祈祷的那些，即使联合起来，也创造不出一只苍蝇。" 一切虚假的神明，无论是偶像与雕像、人，还是传统与价值观，你们向它们求助，指望借它们取得胜利、赢得尊崇，即便它们集结全部力量，动用全部知识，并将一切资源投入到一次最高努力之中，也无法创造出一只苍蝇。事实上，创造一只微小而卑贱的苍蝇，就足以让这些虚假神明所有被动员起来的力量显得无能为力。

The address is universal, it includes everyone anywhere in the world, and the declaration is loud and clear: “Mankind!” When people have been gathered to listen, they are told that they are about to be given a statement of a general principle, not a particular case applicable on a certain occasion. “An aphorism is set forth; hearken, then, to it.” It is a statement of fact that applies in all situations: “Those beings whom you invoke instead of God cannot create a fly, even though they were to join all their forces to that end.” All false deities, whether they be idols and statues, human beings, traditions and values, to whom you appeal for support and with whom you seek to achieve victory and high esteem, are incapable of creating a fly, even if they muster all their forces, utilize all their knowledge and channel all their resources into one supreme effort. Indeed, the creation of a mere fly, that small and abject creature, defies all the harnessed powers of such false gods.

创造一只苍蝇，对于除真主以外的任何人或任何事物而言，和创造一头骆驼或一头大象同样不可能，因为苍蝇同样展示了生命的伟大奥秘。

Creating a fly is just as impossible, for anyone or thing other than God, as creating a camel or an elephant, because the fly also demonstrates the great secret of life.

因此，就其奇妙的被造而言，它与骆驼和大象被置于同等的地位。然而，《古兰经》的这一箴言却举出一只微小、不起眼的苍蝇为例，以便更深刻地唤起人的无能之感，同时又不损害其中所蕴含的根本原则。

Hence, it is placed on the same level as camels and elephants, with regard to its miraculous creation. The Qur’ānic aphorism, however, cites the case of a little, insignificant fly in order to generate a more profound feeling of powerlessness, without compromising the underlying principle.

在揭露了拜偶像者信仰的荒谬，以及其崇拜仪式所反映的无知之后，本章最后向穆斯林群体发出呼吁，敦促他们忠于自己的信仰，坚守正道的生活方式。

Having exposed the absurdity of the idolaters’ beliefs and the ignorance their worship rituals reflect, the sūrah makes a final address to the Muslim community, urging it to be true to its beliefs and to stick to the right way of life.

信士们啊!你们要鞠躬叩拜,独向你们的主崇拜,并且行善,以便你们成功。你们应当为主道而尽力奋斗。他拣选了你们,在宗教方面没有使你们遭受艰难,这是你们始祖易卜拉欣的教法。他先前和此经中都称你们为穆斯林,以便使者为你们作证,也使你们为众人作证。所以,你们应当谨守拜功,缴纳天课,紧握真主的绳索。他是你们的保护者,真是最好的保护者,真是最好的援助者。(第22章第77-78节)

Believers! Bow down and prostrate yourselves, and worship your Lord alone, and do good, so that you might be successful. And strive hard in God’s cause as you ought to strive. It is He who has chosen you, and has laid no hardship on you in [anything that pertains to] religion; the creed of your forefather Abraham. It is He who has named you Muslims, in bygone times and in this [book], so that the Messenger might bear witness for you, and that you might bear witness for all mankind. Thus, attend regularly to your prayer, and pay out your zakāt, and hold fast to God. He is your Guardian: the best of guardians and the best to give support. (Verses 77-78)

这两节经文概括了真主为穆斯林群体所确立的生活准则，以及交付给它的职责。它们界定了穆斯林群体的角色，并标明了其行动的方向，无论过去、现在还是将来，只要它遵循真主的指引。

Indeed these two verses sum up the code of living God has laid down for the Muslim community and the duties He has assigned to it. They define its role and mark out its course of action, past, present and future, provided that it follows His guidance.

这第一条指令要求信士们礼拜，并特别强调伊斯兰礼拜中的两个显著动作，即鞠躬和叩拜于真主之前。如此一来，礼拜便有了真实的image与引人注目的动作，使我们能够清楚地看见。这样，表达方式便更加有效。

The first instruction given here requires the believers to pray, highlighting two distinctive actions of Islamic prayer, namely bowing down and prostrating before God. Thus, prayer is given a real image and a noteworthy movement so that we see it clearly before our eyes. In this way, the mode of expression is that much more effective.

接下来是关于崇拜真主的一般性指示。这比礼拜要宽泛得多，因为崇拜包括所有的义务，并涵盖一切专为真主而发的行为、思想和情感。事实上，只要出于为真主的意图，人类的每一项活动都会成为崇拜的一部分。这甚至包括快乐和个人的享受，它们同样可以成为崇拜的一部分，并从真主那里获得赏赐。所需要的只是我们要记住那位赐予我们这些快乐的真主，并且明白他将这些快乐作为坚定我们遵循他为我们所选之道的手段。这些快乐与享受的本质并没有改变，改变的只是它们的目的，因此它们也就成为了崇拜的一部分。

Next we have a general instruction to worship God. This is far more comprehensive than prayer, because worship includes all duties and adds every action, thought or feeling that is addressed to God alone. Indeed every human activity becomes part of worship when it is intended for God’s sake. This even includes pleasure and personal enjoyment which become part of worship earning reward from God. All it needs is that we should remember God who has granted us these pleasures and who intends them as means to strengthen our resolve to follow the way He has chosen for us. Nothing of the nature of such pleasures and enjoyments changes, but their purpose is changed, and thus they become part of worship.