这首麦加章的特点是经文简短、节奏明快。全章共83节经文,在总长度上略短于前一章,而前一章只有45节。短经文与明快的节奏相结合,赋予本章独特的风貌。其节奏如连续的鼓点,而它所描绘的众多画面又增强了这种效果,都给人留下深刻的印象。

This Makkan sūrah is characterized by short verses and a fast rhythm. Composed of 83 verses, it is slightly shorter in overall length than the preceding sūrah which contained only 45 verses. Such short verses together with the fast rhythm give the sūrah a special outlook. Its rhythm sounds successive beats, the effect of which is increased by the numerous images it draws, all leaving a profound impression.

它与所有麦加时期的章节一样，主题相同，旨在奠定信仰的根基。开篇即论述启示的本质与讯息的真实性："亚辛。以充满智慧的《古兰经》起誓，你确是众使者之一，行走在正道上。这是至尊至能、至慈至悯者所降示的启示。"（第1-5节）

It shares the same main themes of all Makkan sūrahs, aiming to lay the foundation of faith. At the very outset it dwells on the nature of revelation and the truth of the message: “Yā Sīn. By the Qur’ān, full of wisdom, you are indeed one of God’s messengers, pursuing a straight way. It is a revelation by the Almighty, the Ever Merciful.” (Verses 1-5)

它讲述了那个曾有使者被派去的城镇之人的故事，借此警示人们不可拒绝这一讯息，也不可否认启示。

It relates the story of the people of the township to which messengers were sent, using the story to warn against rejection of the message and denial of the revelation.

它展示了那个城镇的居民所遭受的结局，以此强调本章想要传达的信息。接近结尾处，本章再次提到这一点：“我没有教导先知诗歌，作诗也不适合他。这只是一条训诫，一部阐明一切的《古兰经》，用来警告每一个活着的人，并使真主的话语成为对不信道者的定论。”（第69-70节）

It shows the end that befell the people of the township to emphasize the message the sūrah wants to deliver. Towards the end, the sūrah picks up this point again: “We have not taught the Prophet poetry; nor is it fitting for him to be a poet. This is but a reminder and a Qur’ān making all things clear, to warn everyone who is alive, and that the word of God be proved against the unbelievers.” (Verses 69-70)

该章还论述了真主独一的教义，并借从城市最远处赶来的那个人之口，谴责多神崇拜。正是他与自己的族人争辩，驳斥他们否认真主使者的行为：“我为何不崇拜那创造我的主呢？你们终将回归于祂。”

The sūrah also discusses the oneness of the Godhead, giving the voice of denunciation of polytheism to the man who came from the farthest end of town. It is he who argues with his people about their denial of God’s messengers: “Why should I not worship the One who has brought me into being? It is to Him that you will all return.

我应当崇拜祂之外的其他神明吗？若至慈的主意欲让灾祸降临到我身上，他们的说情对我毫无益处，也不能拯救我。那样，我就确实陷入了明显的迷误。"（第22-24节）这一要点在本章末尾再次被强调："他们竟舍弃真主而崇拜其他神明，指望得到他们的援助。"

Should I worship other deities beside Him? If the Lord of Grace should will that harm befall me, their intercession will avail me nothing, nor will they save me. Indeed, I should clearly be in error.” (Verses 22-24) The same point is emphasized again towards the end of the sūrah: “Yet they have taken to worship deities other than God, hoping for /their] support.

他们无法为他们提供帮助；然而他们的崇拜者却像战士一样站出来保卫他们。”（第74-75节）

They are unable to support them; yet their worshippers stand like warriors to defend them.” (Verses 74-75)

本章节最着重强调的问题是复活。

The issue that is most strongly emphasized in the sūrah is that of resurrection.

“是我们使死者复活。我们记录他们预先所做的，以及他们留下的痕迹。我们把一切都记录在明白的典籍中。”（第12节）复活在城镇的故事中也有所提及，其中提到那位为信仰辩论者所获的回报：“有人对他说：‘你进入乐园吧。’他说：‘我的人民若知道我的主已经饶恕了我的罪过，并使我列入受尊崇者之中，那就好了！’”（第26-27节）在本章中段，复活再次被提及：“他们还问：”

Mention of this is first made at the very outset: “It is We who will bring the dead back to life. We record whatever Needs] they send ahead, as well as the traces they leave behind. We keep an account of all things in a clear record.” (Verse 12) Resurrection is further alluded to in the story of the township as it mentions the reward given to the man arguing the case of faith: “He was told- Enter paradise. He said Would that my people knew how my Lord has forgiven me my sins, and has placed me among the highly honoured!” (Verses 26- 27) In the middle of the sūrah resurrection is once again referred to: “They also ask:

"这个许诺何时才会应验，如果你们说的是真的？"他们所等待的，不过是一声巨响，它会在他们仍在争论之际将他们击倒。他们将没有时间留下遗嘱，也不会回到自己的家人那里。"（第48-50节）在这章经文的结尾，又以对话的形式写道："他与我们争辩，却忘记了自己是如何被创造的。他问道：'谁能使已经化为尘土的枯骨复活？'你说：'使它们最初被创造出来的那一位，将使它们再次复活。他对每一次创造都了如指掌。'"（第78-79节）

‘When will this promise be fulfilled, if what you say be true?’ All they are waiting for is a single blast that will overtake them while they are still disputing. No time will they have to make bequests, nor will they return to their own people.” (Verses 48-50) And at the end of the sūrah, it is stated in the form of dialogue: “He comes up with arguments against Us, forgetting how he himself was created. He asks: ‘Who could give life to bones that have crumbled to dust?’ Say: He who brought them into being in the first instance will give them life again. He has full knowledge of every act of creation.” (Verses 78-79)

这些信仰的根本问题在麦加章中被反复讨论。每次都从不同的角度切入，聚焦于新的侧面，并呈现与该章整体氛围相契合的效果，与其节奏、意象和感染力保持和谐。

These fundamental issues of faith are repeatedly discussed in Makkan sūrahs. Each time though they are tackled from a different angle, brought under new focus, and given effects that fit the overall ambience of the sūrah, maintaining harmony with its rhythm, images and impressions.

这些影响在本章中各有不同。一些源于审判日的景象、故事中的场景及其中所采取的立场、所包含的对话，以及早先各民族所遭受的结局。另一些影响则源于宇宙中众多的景象，每一个景象都传递着自己的信息：死寂的大地开始在其中萌发生机；黑夜从白昼中被剥离，弥漫全面的黑暗；太阳沿着自己的轨道运行，直到抵达它的终点；月亮从一个阶段移向另一个阶段，直至变得像一根干枯的椰枣枝；满载着古代人类后代的船只；被使之顺从于人类的牲畜；由精液转变成的人，他会争辩和争吵；以及绿树变成了火，人们借之点燃自己的火。本章正是通过运用所有这些场景和意象，来强调其信息。

These effects vary in this sūrah. Some derive from the scenes of the Day of Judgement, the scenes in the story and the positions taken in it and the dialogue it includes as also the end suffered by earlier communities. Other effects are derived from the numerous images given of the universe, each of which imparts its own message. The dead land as life begins to emerge in it; the night stripped out of the day to spread total darkness; the sun running its course up to its point of destination; the moon moving from one phase to another until it becomes like an old date stalk; the boats laden with the offspring of old human generations; the cattle made subservient to man; the gamete being transformed into a human being who argues and quarrels; and the green tree made into a fire from which they light their own fires. It is by using all these scenes and images that the sūrah emphasizes its message.

除此之外,还有其他一些描述,旨在触动我们的心灵、唤醒我们的理智。其一是对否认真理之人在神的审判降临时的景象的描绘。他们再也无法从所得到的迹象和警示中获益:"我在他们的颈上套上枷锁,直抵下巴,使他们的头被迫仰起。我在他们面前设下一道屏障,在他们身后也设下一道屏障,并用帷幕将他们遮蔽,使他们看不见。"(第8-9节) 其二是这样一个事实:他们心中所藏的和他们外露的一切,神都知晓;没有任何事情能对祂隐藏。 其三是对创造机制的描述,它只涉及一个简短的词:"祂若要某物存在,只对它说一声'有',它便存在了。"(第82节)

Alongside these there are other effects made to touch our hearts and alert our minds. One of these is the image of those who deny the truth when God’s judgement befalls them. No longer can they derive any benefit from the signs and the warnings given them: “Around their necks We have put chains, reaching up to their chins, so that their heads are forced up. And We have set a barrier before them and a barrier behind them, and We enshrouded them in veils so that they cannot see.” (Verses 8-9) Another is the fact that whatever they harbour inside their hearts and whatever they leave open are known to God; nothing is hidden from Him. A third effect is the description of the mechanism of creation as involving nothing but one short word: “When He intends something to be, He only says to it, Be,’ and it is.” (Verse 82)

这一章可以分为三个部分。第一部分以真主以两个独立字母"亚辛"（Yā Sīn）起誓开始，并以充满智慧的《古兰经》起誓，以强调先知ﷺ所传信息的真实性，以及他遵循正道的事实。接着描述那些不留心这一信息、否认其真实性的人的悲惨结局。他们永远找不到通往正道的途径，因为这是真主的判决。经文说明，警告只对那些遵从真主所降示的启示、敬畏祂的人有益，尽管他们的感知能力无法触及真主。这样的人敞开心扉，接受真主指引的证据和信仰之路的指示。在这一部分中，先知ﷺ被要求讲述那个城镇居民的例子，他们否认真主的使者，并遭受了相应的结局。经文还揭示了信仰的本质，以及它如何影响为其辩护之人的内心。

The sūrah can he divided into three parts. The first begins with an oath God makes by the expression of two separate letters, Yā Sīn, and by the Qur’ān, which is full of wisdom, to emphasize the truth of the Prophet’s message and that he follows a straight path. This is followed by describing the miserable end of those who pay no heed to the message and deny its truth. They will never find a way to guidance because this is God’s judgement. It explains that the warning only benefits those who follow the revelations given by God and who fear Him despite the fact that their faculties of perception cannot reach Him. Such people open their hearts to receive the evidence of divine guidance and the pointers to the path of faith. In this part, the Prophet is asked to cite the example of the people of the township who denied God’s messengers and the end they suffered. It also shows the nature of faith and how it affects the heart of the man arguing its case.

第二部分以对那些人的哀叹开篇：他们不断否认真主派来的每一位使者，嘲笑使者及其讯息，既不留意先前否认真理的民族所遭遇的事情，也不顾及真主在他们周围所设置的众多迹象。本部分既包含我们此前已提及的普遍性意象，也包含一幕长而详细的审判日场景。

The second part begins with a call of sorrow for those people who continue to deny every messenger God sends them, ridiculing them and their message, paying no heed to what happened to earlier communities who denied the truth, or to the great many signs God has placed all around them. This part includes the universal images we have already mentioned as well as a long and detailed scene from the Day of Judgement.

第三部分也是最后一部分总结了本章的所有主题，首先否认穆罕默德所诵读的是诗歌，并强调先知从未与诗歌有任何关联。它描绘了一系列证明真主独一的景象。它谴责不信者向他们所崇拜的神明祈求胜利、战胜敌人的做法，而事实上，他们自己还要保护那些所谓的神明。它讨论了复活的问题，提醒他们想一想自己的起源，以及他们的创造如何始于一滴精子。这应当使他们明白，使已化为尘土的骸骨重获生命，与他们最初从一滴精子被创造出来，二者之间几乎没有差别。它提醒他们注意青翠的树木，以及这些树木如何变成燃烧的柴火，尽管这两件事看似相距甚远。天地的创造也被提及，以此提醒人们，真主能够在生命的两个阶段创造它们。最后，结束本章的收束之语是：

The third and final part sums up all the themes of the sūrah, starting with a denial that what Muĥammad recited was poetry, and emphasizing the fact that the Prophet never had anything to do with poetry. It portrays a number of images confirming God’s oneness. It decries the unbelievers’ practice of having deities to which they pray to give them victory over their enemies, when in fact they themselves have to protect those alleged deities. It discusses the issue of resurrection, reminding them of their origin and how their creation starts with a gamete. This should enable them to understand that giving life to bones that have crumbled into dust is barely different from their first creation from a gamete. It reminds them of the green trees and how they become fire fuel, although the two concepts seem to be far apart. The creation of the heavens and the earth is also mentioned as a reminder that God is able to create them in both stages of their life. Finally, the last beat that concludes the sūrah is:

“当祂欲使某物存在时，只对它说：‘有！’它便有了。”（章节 82-83）{祂的荣耀无限超绝；掌握万物大权的，是祂；你们都将被归于祂。}

“When He intends something to be, He only says to it, Be,’ and it is. Limitless, then, in His glory is He in whose hand rests the mighty dominion over all things, and to Him you all will be brought back.” (Verses 82-83)