这一章的核心主题是信仰及其根本原则。其中包括真主的独一性、后世、所启示的经典，以及传达启示的使命，还有宣道者应当具备的品行。本章所包含的一切内容，都是为了阐明这些根本原则并为之提供证据。本章展示了人身上以及广阔宇宙中所存在的真主的一些迹象，警告人们不要否认这些迹象，并提醒人们先前否认真理的民族所遭受的命运，同时说明这类不信者在复活日将会遭遇什么。本章解释说，只有人类和精灵中的这类不信者拒绝承认这些真理，或拒绝归顺真主。相反，天空、大地、太阳、月亮和天使都顺服真主，并谦卑地向真主叩拜。

The question of faith and its essential principles is the major theme of this surah-. God’s oneness, the life to come, the revealed message as well as advocacy of the message and the manners an advocate of the Divine message should adopt. All that the surah includes serves to explain these fundamental principles and provide evidence supporting them. The surah presents some of God’s signs that are available in man and in the expanse of the universe, warns against denying such signs, and reminds people of the fates suffered by earlier generations that denied the truth and shows what happens to such unbelievers on the Day of Resurrection. It explains that only such unbelievers among men and jinn refuse to acknowledge these truths or to submit themselves to God. By contrast, the heavens, the earth, the sun, the moon and the angels submit themselves and humbly prostrate themselves before God.

关于真主独一的真理，我们在该章开头读到这样的经文："你说：'我只是与你们一样的人。'"

Concerning the truth of God’s oneness, we read at the beginning of the surah verses such as: “Say: I am but a human being like yourselves.

有启示给我：你们的神是独一的神。

It has been revealed to me that your God is the One and only God.

因此,你们当走向他的正路,并向他求饶。以众生配主者必遭毁灭。(第6节) "你们难道真的不信那在两日之内创造大地的主吗?你们还要把别的东西当作他的匹敌吗?他是全世界的主。"(第9节) 关于阿德族和赛莫德族,本章告诉我们,被派去教导他们的使者向他们阐明了同样的真理:

Therefore, take the straight path to Him and seek His forgiveness. Woe to those who associate partners with Him.” (Verse 6) “Say: Do you indeed disbelieve in Him who has created the earth in two Days? And do you claim others to be His equals? It is He who is the Lord of all the worlds” (Verse 9) Speaking of the people of (Ad and Thamud, the surah tells us that the messengers sent to them explained the same truth to them:

"你们除真主外不要崇拜任何东西。"（第14节）在本章中间有这样的命令："你们不要向太阳和月亮叩拜，而要向真主叩拜。"（第37节）谈到同一个基本真理，本章在结尾处说："在那日，他要呼唤他们说：'我的那些被你们认为是同伴的神灵在哪里呢？'他们将说：'我们向你承认，我们中没有一个人能为他们作证。'"（第47节）

“ Worship none but God.” (Verse 14) In the middle of the surah we have the commandment: “Do not prostrate yourselves before the sun or the moon; but prostrate yourselves before God.” (Verse 37) Speaking about the same basic truth, the surah says towards its end: “on the Day when He shall call out to them, "Where now are those allegedpartners ofMine?* They will say, "We confess to You that none of us can vouch for them?” (Verse 47)

关于后世的问题，该章严厉警告那些不信后世的人："{祸哉！那些以物配主、不完纳天课、并否认后世的人。}"（第6-7节）章末以这节经文作结：

On the question of the life to come the surah issues a stern warning to those who do not believe in it: “ Woe to those who associate partners with Him, and who do not pay the obligatory charity, and who refuse to believe in the life to come” (Verses 6-7) It concludes with this verse:

他们对于与主相见，无疑是存有怀疑的。

“ They are certainly in doubt as to whether they will meet their Lord.

“诚然，祂涵盖一切”（第54节）。这一章所描绘的末日景象，也揭示了审判日的真相，从而更加确凿地印证了那一日必定降临、毫无疑问。

Most certainly, He encompasses everything” (Verse 54) The truth of the Day of Judgement is also mentioned in the images the surah portrays of what happens on that day, which confirms, with even greater certainty, the fact of its undoubted coming.

关于启示的问题，这一章中有很多论述，几乎可以说启示是其主要主题。事实上，本章开篇就详细讨论了这一问题："Ha."

As for the question of revelation, there is much about it in this surah, almost to the point of revelation being its main theme. In fact, the surah opens with a detailed discussion of this issue: “Ha.

哈，咪，民。这是出自至慈至悲之主的启示：一部经典，其诗节已被清晰阐明，以阿拉伯语的言辞呈现，供有知识的人领会。它既报以喜讯，也发出警告。然而，他们大多数人背过脸去，因此不听。他们说："你所召唤我们的事，我们的心已被遮蔽；我们的耳中有聋，我们与你之间有一道屏障。那么你尽管去做你的事，我们也会做我们的事。"你说："我只是与你们一样的人，有启示降示于我，说……"（第1至6节） 本章中段讲述了以物配主者如何对待《古兰经》："不信道者说：你们不要听这部《古兰经》，而要在它的诵读中大声喧哗，以便你们取胜。"（第26节）随后，经文更详细地叙述了《古兰经》如何被接受，并回应了不信道者对它所作的种种断言："那些在它降临到他们面前时拒绝这份教诲的人……这确是一部崇高的经典，虚妄无论公开或暗中都不能侵入它。它是由明哲、可颂者所降示的。对你所说的，与对你以前的使者所说的并无不同。你的主是宽恕的主，同时也是施以痛苦刑罚的主。假若我使这启示成为非阿拉伯语的言辞，他们必定会说：它的诗节为何不被清晰阐明？怎么会是非阿拉伯语的经典，而使者却是阿拉伯人？你说：这对于信道的人是引导和医治；至于不信道的人，他们的耳中有聋，对它也是盲目的。他们仿佛是被从极远之处召唤。"（第41至44节）

Mim. A revelation from the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful: a book, the verses of which have been clearly spelled out as a discourse in Arabic for people of knowledge. It gives good news as well as a warning. Yet, most of them turn away, so that they do not hear. They say: "Our hearts are veiled from whatever you call us to, and in our ears is deafness, and there is a barrier between us and you. So do you what you will, and so shall we.’ Say: "I am but a human being like yourselves. It has been revealed to me that..” (Verses 1-6) The middle part of the surah mentions how the idolaters received the Qur’an: “The unbelievers say: Do not listen to this Qur'an, but drown it in frivolous talk, so that you may gain the upper hand.” (Verse 26) Then we are given a more detailed account of how the Qur’an was received and a response to what the unbelievers used to assert about it: “ Those who reject this reminder [i.e. the Qur'an] when it comes to them ... It is indeed a sublime book; no falsehood can ever touch it openly or in a stealthy manner. It is bestowed from on high by One who is wise, worthy of praise. Nothing is being said to you that was not said to the messengers sent before your time. Your Lord is the Lord of forgiveness, but He also inflicts painful punishment. Had We willed to make this revelation a discourse in a non-Arabic tongue, they would have said: If only its verses were clearly spelled out! Why [a message in] a non-Arabic tongue and an Arab [messenger]?' Say: ‘This is guidance and healing for all those who believe; but as for the unbelievers: there is deafness in their ears, and they are blind to it.' They are, as it were, being called to from too far away." (Verses 41-44)

在本章论及传播神圣启示的方法以及这些传播者所应有的品德时,经文说:"谁的言语比那号召人归向真主、行善、并说'我是归顺真主者'的人更美好呢?善与恶不能相等。你应以更好的来抵御恶,那时,与你有仇隙的人将会像亲密的朋友一样。但只有有坚忍之心的人才能获得这种品德,只有具有大福分的人才能获得它。如果恶魔的唆使打扰你,你就当求真主庇佑。他是全聪的,全知的。"(第33-36节)

In its discussion of the method of advocating the Divine message and the manners adopted by such advocates, the surah says: “ Who speaks better than he who calls people to God, does what is right, and says, ‘I am one of those who have surrendered themselves to God'? Good and evil cannot be equal. Repel evil with what is better, and he who is your enemy will become as close to you as a true friend. Yet none will attain this except those who are patient in adversity; none will attain it except those endowed with truly great fortune. If a prompting from Satan should stir you up, seek refuge with God. He alone is All-Hearing, All-Knowing." (Verses 33-36)

这些议题是在一系列对听者有深刻影响的画面背景下呈现的。本章从充满迹象的宇宙和人类灵魂那奇妙的构造中汲取这些画面。它还展现了先前不信道民族所遭受的命运的画面，以及复活日的强烈场景。

These issues are presented against a backdrop of images that have a profound effect on the listener. The surah draws these images from a universe replete with signs and from the human soul with its remarkable constitution. It also shows images of the fates suffered by earlier communities of unbelievers and intense scenes from the Day of Resurrection.

宇宙中的这些景象之一，是对天地原初创造的极为详尽的描绘："你说：'你们难道真的不信那在两天之内创造大地的主吗？你们还要以别的东西与他并列吗？他就是全世界的主。'"

One of these scenes of the universe is a very detailed image of the original creation of the heavens and the earth: “Say: ‘Do you indeed disbelieve in Him who has created the earth in two Days? And do you claim others to be His equals? It is He who is the Lord of all the worlds.

祂就是在大地上安置了屹立的山岳，高出于大地之上，赐福于大地，并在四日之内为大地定下各种各样的供给，使所有求取的人都得到公平的份额。然后，祂转向天空，那时天空还是一团烟雾，祂对天空和大地说：“你们俩都来吧，无论是心甘情愿还是勉强的。”两者都说：

He it is who placed on the earth firm mountains towering above it, and bestowed His blessings on it, and measured out its varied provisions in four days, ensuring equity for all who seek [such provisions]. Then, He applied His design to the sky, which was but smoke; and said to it and to the earth: ‘Come, both of you, willingly or unwillingly.' They both said:

“我们自愿前来。”于是祂在两天之内定下七层天，并为每一层天安排了它的职责。我们以明灯装饰最靠近大地的天空，并使其安全稳固。这是至尊全能、全知者的安排。”（第9-12节）

'We do come willingly. ' So He decreed that they become seven heavens in two days, and assigned to each heaven its task. We adorned the sky nearest to the earth with lights, and made them secure. Such is the design of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.” (Verses 9-12)

我们还有这样的画面：夜与昼的创造，太阳与月亮，天使所献上的崇拜，大地如何谦卑地崇拜真主，以及大地如何苏醒并焕发生机：“在他的迹象中，有黑夜和白昼，有太阳和月亮。你们不要向太阳和月亮叩拜，而应向创造它们的真主叩拜，如果你们确实崇拜祂的话。如果不信道者傲慢自大，那么在你们主那里的众天使昼夜赞颂祂，从不厌倦。他的迹象中还有：你看见大地荒芜干枯，但当我降下雨水于其上时，它便振动、膨胀[而生机勃发]。使它复活的主，必定也能使死人复活。”

We also have images of the creation of the night and day, the sun and moon, the worship offered by the angels and the earth as it humbly worships God and how it springs into life: “Among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. Do not prostrate yourselves before the sun or the moon; but prostrate yourselves before God, who has created them, if it is Him you really worship. If the unbelievers are too arrogant, those who are with your Lord glorify Him night and day and never grow weary of that. Another of His signs is this: you see the earth lying desolate, but when We send down rain water upon it, it stirs and swells [with life]. He who brings it to life will surely give life to the dead.

“他对万物都有权能。”（第37–39节）

He has power over all things. ” (Verses 37-39)

人的灵魂仿佛被赤裸地摊在我们眼前，使我们看到它的真实面貌：“人从不厌倦祈求好的东西，但如果厄运降临到他身上，他便放弃一切希望，陷入绝望。然而，每当我在他遭遇苦难之后让他尝到我的一些恩典，他必定会说：‘这本是我应得的！’并且说：‘我不认为末日会到来；即便我被召回到我的主那里，我在祂那里也必有最好的报酬。’我们必定会让不信道者知道他们所做的一切，也必定会让他们尝到严厉的刑罚。当我们把恩惠赐给人时，他往往转身离去，态度冷漠；但一旦灾祸降临到他身上，他便长时间地祈祷。”（第49-51节）

The human soul is laid bare before our eyes such that we see it as it really is: “Man never tires of asking for good [things], but if evil fortune touches him, he abandons all hope, sinking into despair. Yet whenever We let him taste some of Our grace after hardship has befallen him, he is sure to say, 'This is but my due!* and, 'I do not think that the Last Hour will ever come; but even if I were to be taken back to my Lord, the best reward awaits me with Him. * We shall most certainly give the unbelievers a full account of what they did, and We shall most certainly give them a taste of severe suffering. When we bestow Our blessings on man, he tends to turn aside and stay aloof; but as soon as evil touches him, he turns to prolonged prayer(Verses 49-51)

关于前代民族的命运，该章提到了阿德人和赛莫德人的遭遇："至于阿德人，他们在大地上狂妄自大，毫无道理，并说：'谁比我们更强大呢？'难道他们没有想到，创造他们的真主比他们更强大吗？他们仍然不断否认我的启示。因此，我们在数日的厄运中向他们降下了狂暴的飓风，使他们在今世尝到屈辱的刑罚。然而，来世的刑罚将更加屈辱，而且他们将得不到任何帮助。至于赛莫德人，我们为他们指明了正道，但他们却宁愿选择盲目，而不愿接受正道。"

Regarding the fates of earlier communities, the surah presents what happened to the (Ad and Thamud: “As for the ‘Ad, they behaved arrogantly through the land, against all right, and said: 'Who is mightier than usT Did they not realize that God, who created them, was mightier than them? They continued to reject Our revelations. Therefore, We let loose upon them a howling gale raging through several days of misfortune, so as to give them, in the life of this world, a foretaste of humiliating suffering. Yet the suffering in the life to come will be even more humiliating, and they will have none to help them. As for the Thamud, We offered them guidance, but they chose blindness in preference to guidance.

因此,那使人蒙羞的刑罚之雷,因他们所作所为而降临到他们身上。我使信道且敬畏主的人得救了。(第15-18节)

Therefore, the thunderbolt of humiliating suffering struck them in consequence of what they had wrought. And We saved those who believed and were God-fearing.” (Verses 15-18)

在复活日，当真主的敌人被聚集到火狱前时，他们将被驱赶前行，直到抵达火狱边。那时，他们的耳朵、眼睛和皮肤都将作证反对他们，讲述他们在世间所做的事。他们将质问自己的皮肤："你们为什么要作证反对我们？"皮肤将回答道：

Several scenes are presented from the Day of Resurrection. One intensely effective and detailed image shows the unbelievers speaking to their own senses: “On the day when God's enemies will be gathered together before the fire, they will be driven onwards until, when they reach it, their ears, their eyes and their very skins will bear witness against them, speaking of what they used to do [on earth]. They will ask their skins: 'Why did you bear witness against us V To which they will reply:

"真主赋予万物言语，使我们得以开口。正是祂最初创造了你们，你们终将归于祂。"（经文19-21节）另一幅画面则十分清晰地展现了：那些在今世被欺骗的人，对迷惑他们的人所怀的愤怒："不信道者说：'我们的主啊！求你把使我们迷误的精灵和世人指示我们，我们要把他们踩在脚下，使他们成为最卑贱的人。'"（经文29节）

'God, who gave speech to all things, has made us speak. It is He who created you in the first instance, and to Him you now return.” (Verses 19-21) Another image shows, in full clarity, the anger felt by those who were deceived in this life against those who deluded them: “The unbelievers say: 'Our Lord! Show us those jinn and men who have led us astray. We shall trample them under our feet so that they shall be among the lowest of the low.” (Verse 29)

这种丰富多样的意象构成了背景，经文所论的主要信仰问题正是在这一背景之下展开，它构成了整个章的总体氛围。从开篇直至结尾，我们始终置身于最为震撼、最具感染力的影响之中。

This great variety of imagery, forming the background against which the main issues of faith are presented, constitutes the overall ambience of the surah. Right from the very outset until the end we find ourselves before the most striking and powerful of influences.

该章可以分为两个部分，每部分由紧密相连的若干段落构成。第一部分先谈《古兰经》的本质与启示，以及不信者对它的态度。接着叙述天地的创造，以及阿德族与赛莫德族的故事。然后描绘不信者在审判日的情景，他们面对自己感官所作的见证。随后讲述今世那些不信者如何深陷迷途，并提到他们有一些伙伴，这些伙伴把恶行美化给他们看。因此，他们互相告诫不要听从《古兰经》，而是想方设法压制它，以期取胜。接下来是一幅画面，描绘他们在审判日对那些迷惑了自己的伙伴何等愤怒。与此形成对照的是另一幅画面，展示那些信仰真主独一、遵循正道的人，天使会降临到他们身边，安慰他们，并向他们报告他们将获得的伟大前景。

The surah may be divided into two parts, each consisting of closely interlinked sections. The first part begins with verses speaking about the Qur’an, its nature and revelation, as well as the unbelievers’ attitude to it. This is followed by an account of the creation of the heavens and the earth and the stories of the ‘Ad and Thamud. Then, comes a scene of the unbelievers on the Day of Judgement and how they face the testimony of their own senses. It then speaks about those unbelievers in this present life and how they have gone so astray. It states that they had cronies who made evil things seem fair to them. As a result they used to urge one another not to listen to the Qur’an, but instead to try to silence it so that they might win. This is followed by an image depicting how angry they feel on the Day of Judgement with those cronies who deluded them. A contrasting image shows us those who believed in God’s oneness and followed the straight path. These receive angels who reassure them and give them news of their great prospects.

天使会告诉他们，他们将在今世和后世成为他们的朋友和守护者。这一段以提及这一讯息及宣扬此讯息的人作结。

The angels tell them that they will be their friends and guardians in both this present life and in the life to come. This part concludes with a reference to the message and those who advocate it.

第二部分开始谈论真主在宇宙中设置的迹象：黑夜、白昼、太阳、月亮、虔诚奉主的天使、荒芜的大地及其如何复苏、充满生机。接着提到那些质疑真主的迹象和启示的人，然后谈到真主的经典及其主要特质，随后简要提及穆萨（摩西）的经典，以及他的民众围绕该经典所发生的争论。章节将所有这些争论的裁决权交给真主，由他在指定的时刻做出判决。此时，章节又提到末日，并指出唯有真主知晓其时。他也知道花朵最终结出的果实，以及怀孕的雌性所生育的后代。章节还描绘了不信道者的情形，他们询问那些被他们宣称为真主之伴侣的神灵。此后，章节呈现了人类灵魂的真实状态，它褪去了所有的遮蔽。

The second part begins by speaking about the signs God placed in the universe: the night, day, sun, moon, angels in devotion, the desolate earth and how it quickens and becomes full of life. This is followed by a reference to those who dispute Gods signs and His revelations, leading to a reference to Gods book and its main qualities before a brief reference is made to Moses’ book and the disputes that arose among his people concerning it. The surah leaves judgement concerning all these disputes to God, at the time appointed by Him. At this point the surah adds a reference to the Last Hour and that knowledge of it belongs to God alone. He also knows the fruit that will eventually develop from flowers and what offspring will be born to pregnant females. It also shows an image of the unbelievers and how they ask about those deities whom they alleged to be Gods partners. Following this the surah presents the human soul as it is, shedding all its coverings.

尽管人很看重保护自己，却并不采取任何措施，使自己免于否认真主及其启示所带来的后果。

Although man is keen to protect himself he takes no precautions to spare himself the results of denying God and His messages.

该章以真主的一项承诺作结：祂将使人们能看见祂在人自身和宇宙中的迹象，让他们有机会反省自己的态度，并使信仰得到确证。经文说："我将在广阔的天际和他们自身中向他们展示我的迹象，使他们清楚地明白这[启示]确是真理。难道你的主对万物不是见证者吗？他们对于将与主相见确实心存疑虑。诚然，祂周知万物。"（第53—54节）

The surah concludes with a promise by God that He will make His signs within man and in the universe available to people so that they have a chance to review their attitude and be assured of their faith: “ We shall show them Our signs in the wide horizons [of the universe] and within themselves, so that it will become clear to them that this [revelation] is indeed the truth. Is it not enough that your Lord is witness to everything? They are certainly in doubt as to whether they will meet their Lord. Most certainly, He encompasses everything” (Verses 53—54)