这些经文开启了一段论述，进一步揭示了先前经典的信众——尤其是犹太教徒和基督教徒——的真实状况。经文指出了他们的偏差信仰和恶劣行为，并确立了他们与先知以及穆斯林群体之间可能存在的关系的基础，阐明了先知和穆斯林在与他们打交道时应尽的义务。这段经文还陈述了信仰的若干基本原则，以及穆斯林群体针对偏差信仰应当采取的行动。

These verses begin a passage which further exposes the reality of the people of earlier Scriptures, particularly the Jews and Christians. It highlights their deviant beliefs and evil deeds and establishes the basis of the relationship that may exist between them and the Prophet and the Muslim community, outlining the duties of the Prophet and the Muslims in dealing with them. The passage also states a number of basic principles of faith and of the actions the Muslim community should take against deviant beliefs.

真主吩咐先知传达主所启示给他的一切，不隐瞒任何内容，也不因任何原因或情况而延缓传达。如果他因为想要避免冲突而不执行主的旨意，那么他就没有传达主的使命。先知所奉命传达的内容之一，是告诉有先前启示的人：除非他们践行《讨拉特》、《引支勒》以及主所降示给他们的经典，否则他们将一无所据。他被命令以最清晰、最明确的措辞宣告此言。

God addresses the Prophet giving him the task of conveying everything that has been revealed to him by His Lord, keeping nothing for himself and delaying nothing for any particular reason or circumstance. If he does not act on His instructions, even though he may be motivated by the desire to avoid conflict, he would not be delivering His message. Part of what the Prophet has been commanded to convey, was to tell the people of earlier revelations that they had nothing to stand on unless they implemented the Torah, the Gospel, and what had been revealed to them by their Lord. He was to make this statement in the clearest and most decisive of terms.

此外,先知还要宣布,犹太人因违背与神的盟约并杀害众先知,已经背弃信仰、成为不信者。基督徒也是如此,他们宣称耶稣基督(玛利亚之子)就是神本身,并且宣称神是三位一体中的一位。先知还要宣布,耶稣(愿主赐他平安)警告以色列的子孙不要以任何物配主。此外,神已经拒绝让一切以物配主的人进入天堂。他还要进一步宣布,以色列的子孙因其罪行,已被大卫和耶稣诅咒。

Moreover, the Prophet was also to declare that by going back on their covenant with God and by killing prophets, the Jews had rejected the faith and become unbelievers. The Christians did likewise, by claiming that Jesus Christ, son of Mary, was God Himself, and by stating that God was one of a trinity. The Prophet was also to declare that Jesus, (peace be upon him), warned the Children of Israel against associating partners with God. Moreover, God has denied access to Heaven to all those who ascribe partners to Him. He was further to declare that the Children of Israel have been cursed by both David and Jesus, because of their transgression.

本段以对有经典者的揭示作结:他们在支持多神教徒对抗穆斯林时的态度被予以揭露。经文宣告,这种态度源于他们不信仰真主和先知。他们被号召去相信已降示给穆罕默德ﷺ的启示,否则他们便是不信道者。现在我们将逐节详细考察本段经文。

The passage ends with an expose of the people of earlier revelations’ attitude when they supported the idolaters against the Muslims. It declares that this came about as a result of their lack of belief in God and the Prophet. They are called upon to believe in what has been revealed to Muĥammad, (peace be upon him). Otherwise, they will be unbelievers. We will now look at the verses in this passage in detail.

{人们啊！你要传达主降示你的经典，你若不传达，便是没有传达他的使命。真主必保护你，使你不受众人的侵害。真主必不引导不信道的民众。 你说：有经典的人哪！你们若不奉行讨拉特、引支勒和你们的主所降示你们的经典，那你们就没有任何根据。你的主所降示你的经典，必然使他们中的许多人更加悖逆和不信。你不要为不信道的民众而忧伤。 凡信道的人，犹太教徒，撒比árian人，和基督教徒，凡信真主、后世，并行善的人，都必无所恐惧，也不忧愁。（第67-69节）}

Messenger, proclaim what has been revealed to you by your Lord. For, unless you do it fully, you will not have delivered His message. God will protect you from all men. God does not guide those who reject faith. Say: People of earlier revelations! You have no ground to stand upon unless you observe the Torah and the Gospel and that which has been revealed to you by your Lord. That which is revealed to you by your Lord is bound to make many of them even more stubborn in their arrogance and disbelief. But do not grieve for unbelieving folk. Those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Sabians, and the Christians — anyone who believes in God and the Last Day and does what is right shall have no fear, nor shall they grieve. (Verses 67-9)

先知被明确地指示要传达主所降示给他的一切，在宣示真理时不允许有任何保留。ﷺ

The Prophet is given clear instructions to convey all that has been revealed to him by His Lord, allowing no room for any reservations as he declares the truth.

否则，他就不能尽到作为受托传达神启示的使者的职责。保护他免受世人侵害的，正是神。

Otherwise, he would not be fulfilling his duty as a Messenger entrusted with conveying God’s message. It is God who will protect him against all mankind.

凡是得到真主（不，原文是God）庇护的人，便不必畏惧其他人，因为他们是无能为力的。 Correction, translated faithfully: 凡蒙上主庇佑的人，便无惧于世人，因为世人皆无能为力。

Whoever enjoys God’s protection has nothing to fear from other humans, powerless as they are.

在信仰事务中,真理之言必须清晰而明确,并须完整陈述。任何反对它的人尽可说他所想说的,它的敌人尽可做他们所能做的,但信仰的真言绝不会为迎合人们的私欲而让步。它必须被清楚地宣明,使其有力地深入人心。

In matters of faith, the word of truth must always be clear and decisive, and must be stated in full. Let anyone who opposes it say what he may, and let its enemies do what they can; the true word of faith will never make concessions for people’s desires. It must be stated clearly so that it penetrates into people’s hearts with power.

这是一个生活事实：当真理的话语被清楚地陈述时，愿意接受信仰的人会立即欣然接纳。而当它被含糊其辞所包围时，就无法赢得那些心存犹疑的人心，而这正是信仰宣讲者所要争取的对象。因此，清晰明确对于宣讲信仰而言至关重要。

It is a fact of life that when the word of truth is stated clearly, it is immediately well received by people willing to accept the faith. When it is surrounded with equivocation, it cannot win those reluctant hearts which are the very target of the advocates of faith. Hence, clarity is essential in faith advocacy.

这两节经文把我们带回到一个问题上：穆斯林与那些接受过天启的人之间，是否有可能结成同盟或保护关系。我们需要重新审视这一问题，结合真主的使者被托付的任务，即完整地传达主的使命，以及他的努力所预期的结果。这意味着，他们中的许多人将会更加顽固地傲慢与不信。

These two verses with which the passage opens bring us back to the question of the possibility of forging an alliance or a relationship of patronage between Muslims and those who received revelations from God. We need to look afresh at this question in the light of the task assigned to God’s Messenger of delivering His message in full and the expected result of his endeavours. This is expected to mean that many of them will grow even more stubborn in their arrogance and disbelief.

我们首先发现，真主自己declare说，早先启示的信徒在实践《讨拉特》和《引支勒》以及主所降示给他们的一切之前，是没有立足之地的。换言之，他们在将其经典付诸实践、并由此必然接受最终的宗教之前，是没有立足之地的。《古兰经》多处号召他们信仰真主和先知，这一点讲得十分明确。因此，就他们目前的状况而言，不能将他们称为神圣信仰的追随者，他们也没有为真主所悦纳的宗教。真主知道，让他们面对这一事实，会使他们中的许多人更加顽固于傲慢与不信。尽管如此，真主仍命令他的使者以最坦率的方式向他们陈明这一事实，对由此可能引起的后果，不必心存遗憾。

We find first of all that God Himself states that the people of earlier revelations have nothing to stand on until they have implemented the Torah and the Gospel and all that was revealed to them by their Lord. In other words, they have nothing to stand on until they have adopted the final religion as a logical consequence of their implementation of their Scriptures. This is made absolutely clear by calling on them, in several places in the Qur’ān, to believe in God and the Prophet. Hence, in their present status, they cannot be described as followers of a Divine faith and they do not have a religion acceptable to God. God knows that confronting them with this fact will cause many of them to be even more stubborn in their arrogance and in their disbelief. Nevertheless, God has commanded His Messenger to confront them with this fact in the frankest of manners, feeling no regrets as a result of what it may cause.

如果我们认为真主在此事上的话语是最终的定论——事实确实如此——那么，我们就不能把早先启示的信奉者视为有信仰的人，与他们建立相互支持的关系来对抗无神论者和无神论，正如那些被误导的人以及误导他人的人所主张的那样。穆斯林不得因环境变化而改变真主所讲的话：“当真主与其使者对某事作出决定后，信道的男人或女人对于该事，便不应该有自由选择。”（33：36）真主的话语永远有效，不因环境而改变。我们也不允许为了避免向他们宣明这一事实可能引发的后果而修改我们的态度，因为这必然会使他们更加敌视我们。我们也不可以通过承认他们拥有为我们所接受的信仰来讨好他们。我们同样不能像捍卫自己的信仰——唯一为真主所接受的信仰——对抗无神论那样，去支持他们捍卫自己的信仰来对抗无神论。

If we are to consider God’s word in this matter to be final, as it clearly is, then there is no way that we can consider the people of earlier revelations as people of faith with whom Muslims can have a relationship of mutual support against atheists and atheism, as advocated by deluded people and those who delude them. It is not open for a Muslim to change what God has stated: “It is not open for a believer, man or woman, once God and His Messenger have made judgement on a certain matter, to have any choice in that matter.” (33: 36) God’s word remains valid for all time, unchanged by circumstances. Nor are we permitted to modify our attitude in order to prevent the likely outcome of confronting them with this fact, which is bound to make them even more aggressive against us. It is not open to us to try to gain favour with them by acknowledging that they have a faith which is acceptable to us. Nor can we support them in defending their faith against atheism in the same way as we defend our own faith, the only one acceptable to God, against atheism.

本段经文的前一部分以一个明确的信仰表述作结,这是真主所接纳的信仰,无论人们在最后一位先知的使命降临之前被称为什么。这信仰在古代历史上曾将各个教派和教义的人们联合在一起。“凡信道的人,和犹太教徒、萨比徒、基督教徒,凡信仰真主、信仰末日、行善的人,必无恐惧,亦不忧愁。”(第69节)

This first part of the present passage concludes with a clear statement of the faith which God accepts from people, regardless of what they were called before the message of the last Prophet. It was the faith which united people of all creeds and doctrines in ancient history. “Those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Sabians, and the Christians — anyone who believes in God and the Last Day and does what is right shall have no fear, nor shall they grieve.“ (Verse 69)

这段文字列举了四个群体："信道者"指穆斯林，犹太人是穆萨先知的追随者，"赛伯邑人"一词most probably指在穆罕默德先知ﷺ的使命降临之前放弃拜偶像、只崇拜独一的真主、不遵循任何特定信条的人，他们中间有少数阿拉伯人。基督徒是追随尔撒·麦西哈（愿主赐他平安）的人。 Note: I rendered "God" as 真主 per standard Chinese Islamic usage, and "the Prophet Muĥammad" with ﷺ as instructed.

The passage names four groups: “those who believe” refers to Muslims, and the Jews are the followers of the Prophet Moses. The term Sabians refers, most probably, to those who abandoned the worship of idols before the Prophet Muĥammad’s message, worshiping God alone, following no particular creed. There were a handful of Arabs among them. The Christians are those who followed the Prophet Jesus Christ (peace be upon him).

这段经文说明，无论其信仰的名称为何，凡信仰真主和末日并行善的人——这一点在此处是隐含的，而古兰经其他经文中则有明确说明——他们是按照最后一位先知的使命行事的——必将获得救赎："他们必不恐惧，也不忧愁。"（第69节）他们无需担心自己过去的所作所为，也无需在意自己曾被归为何种身份。最重要的身份是最后那一个。

This verse states that whatever their creed was, those who believe in God and the Last Day and do what is right — and it is implicitly understood here and explicitly elsewhere in the Qur’ān that they have done that in accordance with the final Prophet’s message — will attain salvation: “shall have no fear, nor shall they grieve.” (Verse 69) They need not worry about what they used to do or under what title they were classified. The most important title is the last one.

我们所说的这些内容，可以从这节古兰经经文中隐含地理解。它属于我们信仰中为所有人所普遍知晓的那一部分。这一信仰的根本概念是：先知穆罕默德ﷺ是最后的一位先知，是被派遣给全人类的真主使者。所有人，无论其宗教、信条、信仰、种族和国籍如何，都应当相信他的使命，即相信他所传达的本质与细节。凡不相信他是使者、不相信他所传使命的全部内容与细节的人，仍然处于迷误之中。真主不接受他在伊斯兰启示降临之前所遵循的宗教。他也不属于真主所描述的那些“无所畏惧，也不忧愁”的人之列（第69节经文）。

What we have been describing is implicitly understood from this Qur’ānic verse. It comes under that part of our faith which is essentially known to all people. It is a primary concept of this faith that the Prophet Muĥammad (peace be upon him) is the last of all prophets and a Messenger of God sent to all mankind. All people, regardless of their religion, creed, belief, race, and nationality, are called upon to believe in his message as he preached it in essence and detail. Anyone who does not believe in him as a Messenger and does not believe in the totality and the details of his message remains in error. God does not accept from him the religion he followed prior to the revelation of Islam. Nor is he included among those described by God as people who “shall have nothing to fear, nor shall they grieve.” (Verse 69)

这就是先前启示的信众中犹太人的情况。关于基督徒的情况，该章以最为明确的方式加以阐明，这与该章的总体基调以及所讨论的问题显然相契合。

Such was the situation with regard to the Jews among the people of earlier revelations. The situation with regard to Christians is explained in the sūrah in a most decisive manner which clearly fits with its general tone and with the question under discussion.

在这一sūrah的前面部分，那些宣称基督，即麦尔彦之子，是真主的人，被描述为不信道者。此处，对于那些宣称真主是三位一体之一，或断言耶稣基督，即麦尔彦之子，就是真主本身的人，这一描述再次被强调。该sūrah将此与耶稣（愿主赐其平安）的见证相结合，即他们是不信道者。他警告他们不要将神性归于除全能的真主以外的任何人。他非常明确地承认，真主是他的主，也是他们的主。最后，真主亲自发出警告，禁止他们继续坚持其不信，因为这些不信的言论，是信仰真主并持守正道的人所不能说出的。

Early in the sūrah, those who claim that the Christ, son of Mary, was God are described as unbelievers. At this point, this description is re-emphasised with regard to those who claim that God is a third of a trinity or allege that Jesus Christ, son of Mary, was God Himself. The sūrah combines this with a testimony by Jesus (peace be upon him) that they are unbelievers. He warns them against ascribing Divinity to anyone other than God Almighty. He acknowledges very clearly that God is his Lord and their Lord. This is concluded by a warning by God Himself against continuing with their unbelief represented by their own statements which cannot be uttered by people who believe in God and in the right faith.

不信道者确已背道，他们说：“真主就是麦尔彦之子基督。”基督自己曾说：“以色列的后裔啊！你们应当崇拜我的主，也就是你们的主。”凡以物配主者，真主必定禁止他进入乐园，他的归宿是火狱。不义者必无援助者。不信道者确已背道，他们说：“真主是三位一体中的第三位。”其实，除唯一的真主外，绝无应受崇拜的主宰。

Unbelievers indeed are those who say: “God is the Christ, son of Mary.” The Christ himself said: Children of Israel, worship God, my Lord and your Lord. Whoever associates partners with God, God shall forbid him entrance into Paradise and his abode will be the Fire. Wrongdoers will have no helpers. Unbelievers indeed are those who say: “God is the third of a trinity.” Of certain, there is no god save the One God.

除非他们停止这样的言论,那些不信道的人必将遭受痛苦的刑罚。他们难道不悔罪归向真主,祈求真主的宽恕吗?真主是至赦的,是至慈的。麦尔彦之子麈西哈,只是一位使者,在他以前,已有许多使者逝世了。他的母亲是一位诚实的妇人。他们两人都吃食物。你看,我为他们阐明我的迹象,你看,他们是多么背离真理啊! 你说:"你们舍真主而崇拜那既不能损害你们,又不能利益你们的东西吗?"真主是全聪的,是全知的。 你说:"有经典的人们啊!你们不要在宗教上无理地过分,也不要顺从那些以前已经迷误、使许多人迷误、并且偏离正道的人们的私欲。"

Unless they desist from so saying, grievous suffering will surely befall those of them who are unbelievers. Will they not, then, turn to God in repentance and seek His forgiveness? God is Much-Forgiving, Merciful. The Christ, son of Mary, was but a Messenger: other messengers have passed away before him. His mother was a saintly woman. They both ate food [like other human beings]. Behold how clear We make [Our] revelations to them and behold how perverted they are. Say: Would you worship in place of God anything that has no power to harm or to benefit you? It is God alone who hears all and knows all. Say: People of earlier revelations! Do not overstep the bounds of truth in your religious beliefs, and do not follow the vain desires of those who have gone astray in the past, and have led many others astray and are still straying from the right path. (Verses 72-7)

该章随后将他们置于这一清晰的事实面前，希望他们能够正确地思考，使自己理解事物的真相。与此同时，经文也对他们在这番阐明之后仍然拒绝事实感到惊讶：“麦西哈，麦尔彦之子，不过是一位使者：在他之前，已有其他使者逝去。他的母亲是一位虔诚的女子。他们两人都吃食物〔与其他人类一样〕。”

The sūrah then puts them face to face with this clear fact in the hope that they will reason properly and bring themselves to understand things as they are. This is coupled with amazement that even after this exposition, they continue to reject the facts: “The Christ, son of Mary, was but a Messenger: other messengers have passed away before him. His mother was a saintly woman. They both ate food [like other human beings].

看哪，我们为他们清楚地阐明我们的启示；然而看哪，他们是多么地背离正道。（第75节）

Behold how clear We make [Our] revelations to them and behold how perverted they are.” (Verse 75)

这段经文描述母子二人都曾吃普通的食物。这对耶稣基督（愿主賜平安予他）和他那圣洁的母亲来说，是生活中一个简单的事实。吃食物是生物的特征，证明了基督和他母亲的人性。人吃食物通常是为了满足不可否认的身体需要。凡需要吃食物才能活下去的，不可能是神。神的生命不需要食物来维持，因为祂借着自己而存在，并借着自己而永远存活。祂不需要任何受造之物，如食物，进入或离开祂的身体。祂的荣耀无限崇高。

The verse describes both mother and son as people who ate ordinary food. This was a simple fact in the lives of Jesus Christ (peace be upon him) and his saintly mother. Eating food is a characteristic of living creatures which proves the humanity of Christ and his mother. Food is normally eaten to satisfy an undeniable physical need. Whoever needs to eat food in order to live cannot be a deity. God’s life needs no food to support it because He lives and remains alive by Himself. He does not need to have any created thing like food to enter or leave his body. Limitless is He in His glory.

这一论证如此清晰而有力,没有人能够否认它所陈述的事实。随后,经文对基督徒拒不接受这一论证的态度作出了谴责:“你看,我为他们阐明了我的迹象,你看,他们是多么背离正道啊!”(第75节)

This logic is so clear and powerful that no one can deny the fact it states. It is followed, therefore, by a condemnation of the Christians’ attitude in so far as they refuse to accept it: “Behold how clear We make Our revelations to them and behold how perverted they are.” (Verse 75)

这种为人所过的平凡生活，一直困扰着那些想把基督奉为神的人，尽管基督的教导与此相反。他们为基督的本性，以及其本性是神圣还是人性的问题，耗费了大量精力并进行了诸多争论，正如我们此前已作过简要说明的那样。

This ordinary human life which Christ lived has troubled those who wanted to make him a deity in spite of his teachings to the contrary. They went to a great deal of trouble and argument about Christ’s nature and whether it was Divine or human, as we have already briefly explained.

从另一个角度，但运用同样清晰的逻辑，这章经文对他们的反对立场感到诧异：“你说：难道你们舍真主而崇拜那不能为你们做主损害或利益的东西吗？真主是全聪的，是全知的。”（第76节）

Speaking from a different angle, but using the same clear logic, the sūrah wonders at their objectionable stance: “Say: Would you worship in place of God anything that has no power to harm or to benefit you? It is God alone who hears all and knows all.” (Verse 76)

这些经文明确地表明了先知们对以色列后裔中不信者的态度。这一态度以先知大卫和耶稣（愿主赐福他们）的态度为代表。他们二人都诅咒了以色列后裔中的不信者，而他们的祈祷因这些不信者的侵犯、他们中间淫乱的蔓延、对彼此之间恶行蔓延的视而不见，以及对其他不信者的庇护而得到应允。这一切的结果是，他们遭到了真主的不悦并受到诅咒，他们的惩罚将是永恒的。

These verses make a definitive statement of the Jewish Prophets’ attitude towards the unbelievers from among the Children of Israel. It is represented by the attitude of the Prophets David and Jesus (peace be upon them). Both of them cursed the unbelievers among the Children of Israel and their prayers were answered because of the aggression of those unbelievers, the spread of immorality among them, their turning a blind eye to the spread of evil among themselves, and their patronising of other unbelievers. The outcome of all this was that they incurred God’s displeasure and were cursed. Their punishment will be everlasting.

那些不信的以色列后裔，受到了大卫和马利亚之子耶稣的诅咒。这是因为他们违抗命令，并且一再犯罪越界。他们彼此之间从不互相制止作恶。他们所做的，实在是极其恶劣的。

Those of the Children of Israel who disbelieved were cursed by David and Jesus, son of Mary. That was because they rebelled and persisted in their transgression. They would never restrain one another from wrongdoing. Vile indeed were the things they did.

你们现在看到，他们中有许多人与不信道者结盟。他们自己的灵魂怂恿他们去做的，是何等恶劣！他们招致了真主的愤怒，并将永居于刑罚之中。如果他们真正信仰真主、先知以及降示给他们的一切，他们就不会以那些人为盟友；但他们中有许多人是悖逆者。（第78-81节）

Now you can see many of them allying themselves with unbelievers. So evil is that which their souls make them do. They have incurred God’s wrath and in suffering they shall abide. Had they truly believed in God and the Prophet and all that which was revealed to them, they would not have taken them for allies, but many of them are evildoers. (Verses 78-81)

当我们想到是耶稣和大卫诅咒了以色列的后裔时,便会意识到他们有着漫长的不信、违命和拒绝真理的历史。那些被派来引导和拯救他们的先知,最终却谴责了他们,使他们无法被引向真理。真主应允了他们的祈祷,并注定以色列人将永受诅咒。

When we remember that it was Jesus and David who cursed the Children of Israel, we realise that theirs is a long history of unbelief, disobedience and rejection of the truth. Prophets who were sent to guide and save them were the ones who eventually condemned them so that they might not be guided to the truth. God answered their prayers and destined the Israelites to a perpetual curse.

以色列后裔中的不信道者，是那些篡改了所启示的经典、拒不遵从天启律法之规定的人，这一点在古兰经的多章经文中都有述及。他们违背了与真主所立的盟约——他们曾在盟约中承诺支持并遵从真主所派遣的每一位使者："那是因为他们违抗并坚持逾越。"（第78节）

The unbelievers among the Children of Israel were the ones who distorted their revealed Scriptures and refused to abide by the rulings of the Divine Code, as we are told in several Qur’ānic sūrahs. They violated their covenant with God in which they pledged themselves to support and follow every messenger He sent: “That was because they rebelled and persisted in their transgression.” (Verse 78)

局部的改良在整个社会已经偏离正轨、无知盛行的情况下是不够的。当社会采用了不同于真主法度的律法时,努力必须触及根本,圣战(jihād)的运动必须有明确的目标:在社会中确立真主的权威。当这一目标达成后,穆斯林群体所特有的、至关重要的原则——命人行善、禁人作恶——才有了坚实的基础。

Partial reforms are not sufficient when the whole of society has gone wrong and ignorance has prevailed. When society has adopted a law other than that of God, efforts must strike at the roots and jihād campaigns must have the clear aim to establish God’s authority in society. When this is accomplished, there is a solid basis for the fulfilment of the all-important principle which is characteristic of the Muslim community: to enjoin what is right and to forbid what is wrong.

所有这些都需要坚定的信仰，也需要懂得信仰的真正本质，以及它在人们生活中所发挥作用的范围。正是通过这样的理解，真理的倡导者才会完全依靠真主，坚信他的支持，并只希望从他那里获得回报。他们不指望从迷失了方向的社会那里获得回报或赞赏，也不指望从那些选择生活在黑暗中的人那里获得支持。

All this requires having strong faith and knowing the true nature of faith and the scope of its work in peoples’ lives. It is through such understanding that advocates of the truth come to rely totally on God, confident in His support, hoping to receive reward from Him only. They do not look to have reward or appreciation from a society that has gone astray or to receive support from those people who choose to live in darkness.

所有提到"command what is right and forbid what is wrong"（劝善戒恶）的古兰经经文和圣训，实际上指的是穆斯林个人在一个承认真主权威并执行祂的律法的穆斯林社会中所负的责任。这样的社会有时可能会陷入专制统治，或出现一些罪恶行为的蔓延。因此，先知ﷺ说："最好的圣战，是在暴君面前说出真理的话语。"先知ﷺ用"伊玛目"一词来指称统治者，是因为在伊斯兰制度中，统治者就是第一位伊玛目。除非统治者承认真主的权威，并承认自己有责任执行真主的律法，否则不能被称为伊玛目。实施其他律法的统治者，在古兰经中有不同的描述："凡不根据真主所降示的（法律）而判决的，他们确是不信道者。"（第5章第44节）在拒绝执行真主律法的愚昧社会中，产生其他一切罪恶的最根本的罪恶，是通过拒绝真主的律法而否认真主的神性。穆斯林社会的努力，应当首先致力于改变这一根本的罪恶，然后才去应对次要的罪恶。好人若试图抵制或禁止这些小的罪恶，那是徒劳的，因为这些小的罪恶本质上源于第一个罪恶，即企图篡夺真主的神性，并通过忽视祂的律法来拒绝祂的权威。

All Qur’ānic statements and aĥādīth that speak of “enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong” actually refer to the duty of a Muslim individual in a Muslim community which acknowledges God’s authority and enforces His law. Such a society may at times fall under dictatorship or witness the spread of some sinful practices. Hence, the Prophet (peace be upon him) says: “The best type of jihād is to say a word of truth in front of a despotic ruler.” The Prophet uses the term “Imām” to refer to the ruler because, in the Islamic system, the ruler is the first Imām. No ruler can be described as Imām unless he acknowledges God’s authority and his own duty to enforce God’s law. A ruler who implements any other law is described in the Qur’ān differently: “Those who do not judge in accordance with what God has revealed are indeed unbelievers.” (Verse 44) In ignorant societies which refuse to enforce God’s law, the most important wrong which gives rise to all other wrongs is the rejection of God’s Divinity through rejecting His law. It is to the changing of this basic wrong that the efforts of the Muslim community should be directed before tackling secondary wrongs. It is useless for good people to try to resist or forbid such small wrongs when they, by nature, emanate from the first wrong of attempting to usurp God’s Divinity and which reject His authority by ignoring His law.

这些犹太人之所以持有这种态度，尽管他们曾接受过来自真主的启示，真正的原因在于：他们并不真正信仰真主和祂的使者。

The real reason for this attitude of the Jews, despite their having received revelations from God, is that they do not really believe in God and His Messenger.

他们没有接受真主的最后启示，因此他们是不信者。若他们信道，就不会与不信者结盟："你会看见他们中的许多人与不信者结盟。他们的灵魂所唆使他们做的，真恶劣啊！他们招致了真主的愤怒，他们将永居于刑罚之中。若他们真的信仰真主、先知以及降示给他们的一切，他们就不会以那些人为盟友，但他们中的许多人是罪人。"（第80-81节）

They have not embraced God’s final message. Hence, they are unbelievers. Had they believed, they would not have allied themselves to unbelievers: “Now you can see many of them allying themselves with unbelievers. So evil is that which their souls make them do. They have incurred God’s wrath and in suffering they shall abide. Had they truly believed in God and the Prophet and all that which was revealed to them, they would not have taken them for allies, but many of them are evildoers.” (Verses 80-1)

这段陈述描述了上帝的使者（愿主赐他平安）时代犹太人的处境，同样适用于今天、明天以及任何时候。在当今世界的大部分地区，它也适用于所有先前启示的追随者。

This statement which describes the position of the Jews at the time of God’s Messenger (peace be upon him) also applies today, tomorrow and at all times. It is also true of all the peoples of earlier revelations in most parts of the world today.

因此，我们有责任认真研读《古兰经》，并从中学习它对每一代穆斯林群体所具有的教诲。

Hence, it is our duty to carefully study the Qur’ān and learn the lessons it has for every Muslim community throughout all generations.

是犹太人与不信道者结盟，并煽动他们攻击穆斯林。真主在《古兰经》中谈到他们说：“他们对不信道者说：‘信道者所遵循的道路，你们比他们更为正确。’”（4：51）这在壕沟之战中表现得最为明显，但在此之前和之后，直至我们今天，都有明显的迹象。以色列若不是犹太人与当今的不信道者和无神论者结盟，就不可能在巴勒斯坦建立。

It was the Jews who allied themselves to the unbelievers and incited them to attack the Muslims. God says of them in the Qur’ān: “They say to the unbelievers that they are better guided than the believers.” (4: 51) This was most clearly apparent in the Battle of the Moat, but it was also clear both before and after it, up to our present time. Israel could not have come into existence in Palestine except through the Jews allying themselves to present-day unbelievers and atheists.

至于其他启示宗教的信徒,每当他们与穆斯林打交道时,便与唯物无神论者结盟。他们甚至在对抗穆斯林时与异教和拜偶像的宗教信徒合作,尽管那些穆斯林并不以任何方式代表伊斯兰教,只是因为他们是过去穆斯林世代的后裔。所有这些都表明,他们对这一信仰及其信奉者的怨恨根深蒂固,尽管他们声称自己属于这一信仰可能是虚假的。真主所言确实是真实的。祂说:"你看见他们中的许多人与不信道者结盟,他们的灵魂所唆使他们做的事是多么恶劣啊!他们招致了真主的愤怒,他们将永居于刑罚之中。"(第80节)这就是他们为自己所作所为带来的最终结果。这样的结局确实恶劣。他们与不信道者结盟所收获的果实,确实苦涩。

As for the other people of earlier revelations, they ally themselves with materialist atheism whenever they have to deal with Muslims. They even cooperate with people of pagan and idolatrous religions when they have to fight Muslims, even though those Muslims do not represent Islam in any way, except through being descendants of past Muslim generations. All this goes to show how deeply rooted is the grudge against this faith and those who belong to it, though their claims of belonging to it may be false. God indeed tells the truth. He says: “Now you can see many of them allying themselves with unbelievers. So evil is that which their souls make them do. They have incurred God’s wrath and in suffering they shall abide.” (Verse 80) This is the net result of what they have done for themselves. Evil indeed is such an outcome. Bitter indeed are the fruits they reap from allying themselves with unbelievers.