《信士》(公正与恩慈)99-118
Al-Muminun The Believers(Justice And Grace) 99-118
当他们中的任何一人临终时,他会说:
When death approaches any of them, he says:
“我的主啊!让我回去,(99)
‘My Lord! Let me return [to life], (99)
“以便我能在我所疏忽的事情上行善。”绝非如此!这不过是他口中的一句话。在他们身后,有一道屏障,直到他们被复活的那一日。(100)
so that I may act righteously in whatever I have failed to do.’ By no means! It is but a word he says. Behind them there stands a barrier till the day when all will be raised from the dead. (100)
然后,当号角吹响时,那一日他们之间将没有血缘关系,他们也不会互相询问。(101)
Then, when the trumpet is sounded, there will be no ties of kinship between them on that day, nor will they ask about one another. (101)
那些善行的分量在天平上沉重的人,必将成功;
Those whose weight [of good deeds] is heavy in the scales will be successful; (102)
“至于那些功过之秤轻的人,他们必将丧失自己的灵魂,永居火狱。”(103)
but those whose weight is light will have lost their souls and will abide in hell. (103)
火焰会灼烧他们的脸,他们在其中面容愁惨。(104)
The fire will scorch their faces, and therein they will look gloomy. (104)
“难道我的启示不是曾经念给你们听过吗?你们却把它们当作谎言。”(105)
‘Were not My revelations read out to you, and did you not consider them as lies?’ (105)
他们会回答:“我们的主啊!我们的厄运压倒了我们,所以我们迷了路。”(106)
They will reply: ‘Our Lord! Our misfortune has overwhelmed us, and so we went astray. (106)
“主啊!求你使我们脱离这种苦难。如果我们再次违抗,那我们就确实是不义的人了。”(107)
Our Lord! Bring us out of this [suffering]. If ever We relapse, then we shall be wrongdoers indeed.’ (107)
他将说:你们在此受辱吧!不要与我交谈。(108)
He will say: Away with you into this ignominy! And do not plead with Me. (108)
我的仆人中有人说:
Among My servants there were those who said:
“我们的主啊!我们已信仰你。求你宽恕我们,怜悯我们,你是最优秀的怜悯者。”(109)
“Our Lord! We believe in You. Forgive us and have mercy on us; for You are the best of those who show mercy.” (109)
你们曾经把他们当作嘲笑的对象,甚至使你们忘记了对我的记念,而你们却一直嘲笑他们。(110)
But you made them the target of your derision to the point where it made you forget all re- membrance of Me; and you went on laughing at them. (110)
“今天,我因他们在逆境中的忍耐而回报他们。的确,他们才是成功者。”(111)
Today I have rewarded them for their patience in adversity. Indeed it is they who have achieved triumph.’ (111)
他将问道:“你们在大地上住了多少年?”(112)
And He will ask: ‘How many years have you spent on earth?’ (112)
他们会回答:"我们只在那里停留了一天或一天的一部分;但你可以去问那些会计算的人。"(113)
They will answer: ‘We have spent there a day, or part of a day; but ask those who keep count.’ (113)
他将说:"你们若是知道,停留的时间确实很短暂。"(114)
He will say: ‘Brief indeed was your sojourn, if you but knew it. (114)
“难道你们以为我创造你们只是出于戏耍,而你们不会被召回到我这里吗?”(23:115)
Did you think that We created you in mere idle play, and that to Us you would not have to return?’ (115)
崇高无上的真主,至尊的君主,至真的真理。除祂之外别无应受崇拜的神灵,祂是荣耀宝座的主。(116)
Sublimely exalted is God, the Ultimate Sovereign, the Ultimate Truth. There is no deity other than Him, the Lord of the Glorious Throne. (116)
谁在真主之外祈求另一位神明——对于这位神明的存在,他没有任何证据——他必将在主面前接受清算。诚然,不信道者绝不会成功。
He that invokes besides God any other deity – a deity for whose existence he has no evidence – shall be brought to account before his Lord. Most certainly, the unbelievers shall never be successful.
(117)
(117)
“我的主啊!求你饶恕,求你怜悯,你是最尊贵的怜悯者。”(23:118)
Say: ‘My Lord! Forgive and have mercy. You are the best of those who show mercy.’ (118)
概述
Overview
本章最后一段继续论述多神崇拜者的结局,并以完整的场景展现复活日的情形。它先描绘死亡临近、结束今世的景象,接着讲述号角吹响之后、死者被唤醒的过程。随后郑重申明真主的独一性,并严厉警告那些以同伴归于真主的人,告诫他们:若坚持错误的道路,将会遭遇怎样的结果。本章最后指示先知寻求真主的宽恕,并祈求真主的恩典。真主确是最仁慈者中最优秀的。
This last passage of the sūrah continues to discuss the fate of the idolaters, showing it in a complete scene of the Day of Resurrection. It starts with an image of approaching death ending this life, and moves on to show what happens after the Trumpet is blown and the dead are brought back to life. This is followed by an emphatic statement of God’s oneness, coupled with a stern warning to those who associate partners with God, putting them on notice of what awaits them if they persist in their erring ways. The sūrah concludes with a directive given to the Prophet to seek God’s forgiveness, and to pray for His grace. God is certainly the best of all who show mercy.
临终时
As Death Approaches
“当他们中有人临近死亡时,他说:我的主啊!请让我返回(人世),使我能在我所遗漏的事情上行善。”(第99-100节)这是临终的场景,那时此人确信自己即将死去。此刻,他恳求返回人世,以便获得第二次机会去做本应在最初就做的事。他想要为所留下的家人和财产安排妥当。经文所描述的情形,仿佛正在当下发生,众人都在目睹。但是,这一恳求已经太迟。因此,他本人得不到回应。经文昭示于众,使人人都能明白:“绝不!这不过是他口中的一句话。”(第100节)
“When death approaches any of them, he says: My Lord! Let me return [to life], so that I may act righteously in whatever I have failed to do.” (Verses 99-100) This is the scene of approaching death, when the person is certain that he is about to die. At this moment, he appeals for a return to life so as to have a second chance to do what he should have done in the first place. He wants to set things right with regard to the family and assets he is leaving behind. This is shown as if it is happening at the present moment, witnessed by all. But the appeal is made too late. Hence, the answer is not given to the person concerned. It is declared for all to understand. “By no means! It is but a word he says.” (Verse 100)
这只是一个意义微小甚至毫无意义的词。它不值得被认真对待。说话者本身也不值得任何关注。它并不表达任何诚意;相反,它是由对前方巨大困难的逐渐觉察所引发的。它表达了说话者所承受的巨大压力,但它并无任何信念作为基础。
It is only a word that carries little or no significance. It does not deserve to be considered. Indeed the speaker does not merit any attention. It does not express any sincerity; rather, it is prompted by the dawning awareness of the great difficulty ahead. It expresses the great stress the speaker finds himself under, but it has no basis in conviction.
至此,临终之人的画面就结束了。忽然间,他与世界其余的人之间竖起了障碍。一切已成定局,联系被切断,门被关上,帷幕也落下了:"在他们的后面,有一道屏障,直到他们复活的日子。"(第100节)他们既不属于今世的人,也不属于后世的人,而是处于两者之间的阶段,这一阶段将一直持续到所有人都复活为止。
Thus ends the image of the speaker at the point of death. Suddenly, barriers are raised between him and the rest of the world. The matter is settled, contacts are severed, doors closed and the curtain dropped: “Behind them there stands a barrier till the day when all will be raised from the dead.” (Verse 100) They neither belong to the people of this life, nor to those of the hereafter. They are in the stage in between, which will continue until all are resurrected.
本章节现在谈论那一天,描绘那时发生的景象,并将其呈现在众人面前。“当号角吹响时,那一天,他们之间将没有血缘的联系,他们也不会互相询问。”(第101节)一切纽带都将断绝,人们在今世所遵守的一切价值,那时都不再有任何意义。那时“将没有血缘的联系”。那可怕的景象使他们全都沉默,无人开口说一句话,更不用说询问他人了。
The sūrah now speaks about that day, giving an image of what happens then and raising it for all to see. “Then, when the Trumpet is sounded, there will be no ties of kinship between them on that day, nor will they ask about one another.” (Verse 101) All bonds come to an end, and all values people observe in this life are no longer of any consequence. ‘There will be no ties of kinship’ then. The awesome atmosphere makes them all silent, with no one uttering as much as a word, let alone enquiring about others.
信仰的根本问题
The Basic Issue Of Faith
这首章末的经文专论信仰。它们阐明了信仰的核心信条,即真主的独一。经文宣告了那些以物配主者将遭受的重大损失。这与本章开头所宣告的成功形成对照,而那成功是确定赐给信士的。与这一宣告相伴的,是一道命令:当归向真主,求其饶恕,并祈求其慈悯。祂确实是诸慈悯者中最为慈悯的。
The final verses of the sūrah are dedicated to faith. They state its central tenet; namely, God’s oneness. We have an announcement of the great loss suffered by those who associate partners with Him. This contrasts with the success declared at the beginning of the sūrah which is guaranteed to the believers. Coupled with this declaration is an instruction to turn to God, requesting His forgiveness and appealing for His mercy. He is certainly the most merciful of all those who are compassionate:
崇高超绝的是真主,那至尊的君主,至真的真理。除祂之外别无应受崇拜的神明,祂是荣耀宝座的主。凡是在真主之外祈求其他神明的人——而他对那神明的存在毫无证据——必将在其主面前接受清算。诚然,不信道者绝不会成功。你且说:
Sublimely exalted is God, the Ultimate Sovereign, the Ultimate Truth. There is no deity other than Him, the Lord of the Glorious Throne. He that invokes besides God any other deity – a deity for whose existence he has no evidence – shall be brought to account before his Lord. Most certainly, the unbelievers shall never be successful. Say:
我的主啊!求你宽恕,求你怜悯,你是最尊贵的怜悯者。(第116-118节)
My Lord! Forgive and have mercy. You are the best of those who show mercy. (Verses 116-118)
鉴于本章前文描绘了复活日的场景,并且贯穿全章提出了诸多论证、证据与启示,这段经文末尾的评述为本章所包含的一切内容提供了合乎逻辑的结论。这一宣告驳斥了不信道者关于真主的一切言论,宣告祂是真正的主权者,掌管整个宇宙,并且祂是唯一完全掌握一切权能的神明。祂确实是“荣耀宝座的主”。
Coming as it does after a scene painting events taking place on the Day of Resurrection, and after a host of arguments, proofs and pointers outlined throughout the sūrah, the comment included in these final verses provides a logical conclusion to everything contained in the sūrah. This statement refutes all that the unbelievers say about God, declaring that He is the true Sovereign who controls the entire universe, and that He is the only deity who is in full command of all. He is indeed ‘the Lord of the Glorious Throne’.
任何关于与真主同存的主张,都毫无证据可以支持,无论是从宇宙及其运行方式来看,还是从人类的理智和本性来看。凡作出此类主张的人,都必将在真主面前接受清算,其结果早已注定:“不信道者绝不会成功。”(第117节)这是一条不可违背的定律,必将应验。相反,信士的成功则是有保障的。
Any claim of partnership with God has absolutely no evidence to support it, neither from the universe and how it is run, nor from human logic or nature. Anyone who makes such a claim will have to face the reckoning in front of God, and the result is known in advance: “Most certainly the unbelievers shall never be successful.” (Verse 117) This is an unfailing rule that is hound to come true. Success, by contrast, is guaranteed for the believers.
我们看到不信道者在今世享有的种种恩惠与安逸,以及他们有时所掌握的一切权势与资源,并不意味着真正的成功。这一切只是作为一种考验赐予他们,最终将以他们在今世的失败告终。即便其中有人在今世逃脱了惩罚,他们也必须在后世接受清算。后世的生活正是这一生命周期的最后阶段,它并非与今世分割或孤立的事物,而是不可或缺的一个阶段,只有有真正远见的人才能清楚地看到这一点。