妇女(Al-Nisa)
Al-Nisa ( Women)
序言
Prologue
这是《古兰经》中第二长的章,于麦地那降示,紧接在第60章《受考验的妇人》(Al-Mumtaĥanah)之后。有些记载称,该章的部分经文降示于第8年伊斯兰历的远征之时,那次远征以麦加归信伊斯兰而告终;其余部分则更早降示,即在第6年,那次远征以《侯代比亚和约》(Al-Ĥudaybiyyah)告终。
This, the second longest sūrah in the Qur’ān was revealed in Madinah, following shortly after Sūrah 60, The Examined Woman, or Al-Mumtaĥanah. Some reports say that this latter sūrah was partly revealed at the time of the expedition that ended in Makkah’s fall to Islam in year 8 of the Islamic calendar, while the other parts were revealed earlier, in year 6, at the time of the expedition ending in the peace treaty of Al-Ĥudaybiyyah.
正如我们在第一卷讨论第2章《牛》的开篇时所说,古兰经各章启示的先后顺序无法完全确定。
As stated in Volume I, when we discussed the opening of Sūrah 2, The Cow, the chronological order of revelation of the Qur’ānic sūrahs cannot be totally ascertained.
长篇的苏拉并非一次性、在同一场合全部降示。相反,在相当长的一段时间内,多个苏拉同时陆续降示。每当降示一节经文或一段经文时,先知奉命将其安置在某个特定苏拉的相应位置。这意味着同一个苏拉在一段时间内仍未完成,有时间隔很短,但有时这种间隔可延续数年。例如,古兰经中最长的苏拉——第二章(黄牛章)的部分经文,是在麦地那最早降示的内容之一,而另一些经文则是古兰经中最晚降示的部分。