很显然，该章其余部分并非与开篇同时降示，而是在后来才降示的。它提及某种特定情形以及先知生平中的后续事件，即在他奉命公开传达使命、公开礼拜，并遭到不信道者反对之后。这一点体现在该章以“看那阻止仆人礼拜的人！”（第9-10节）开始的部分中。然而，该章各个部分之间完全和谐一致，开篇之后所叙述的事实也排列得井然有序。
It is self evident that the rest of the sūrah was not revealed at the same time as its opening but at a later date. It refers to a certain situation and later events in the Prophet’s life, after he was instructed to convey his message and offer his worship in public, and after he was met with opposition by the unbelievers. This is indicated in the part of the sūrah which begins: “Look at the one who tries to prevent a servant of God from praying!” (Verses 9-10) Yet there is perfect harmony between all parts of the sūrah. The facts it relates after the opening part are also arranged in a perfect order.
这两个因素使这一章成为一个完美和谐的整体。
These two factors make the sūrah one perfectly harmonious unit.
奉你主的名而诵读，祂创造了人，用凝血块创造了人。
Read in the name of your Lord who has created — created man out of a germ-cell.
诵读！你的主是最慷慨的，祂教授以笔，教人所不知道的。（第1-5节）
Read — for your Lord is the most Bountiful One, who has taught the use of the pen, taught man what he did not know. (Verses 1-5)
这是《古兰经》的第一章，因此以真主之名开始。它在先知穆罕默德ﷺ与至高社会首次接触的那一刻，也就是在他开始传达所被选定之使命的道路之前的第一时刻，指示真主的使者奉真主之名而读：“你应当奉你创造者的名义而读。”它所提到的真主的第一个属性是创造与开创：“……你的主是创造者。”随后它特别谈到人的创造和人的起源：“从凝血创造了人。”人是由植入子宫的一滴干涸的血块所创造的，那是一种卑微而朴素的物质。这既体现了创造者的恩惠与慈悯，也体现了祂的大能。正是出于祂的恩惠，祂将这一凝血提升到了能够受教与学习的人的地位。
This is the first sūrah of the Qur’ān, so it starts with the name of God. It instructs God’s Messenger right at the very first moment of his blessed contact with the Supreme society and before taking his very first step along the way of the message he was chosen to deliver, to read in the name of God, ‘Read in the name of your Lord.’ The first attribute of God’s it mentions is that of creation and initiation: ... your Lord who has created.’ Then it speaks in particular of the creation of man and his origin: ‘created man out of a germ-cell.’ He is created from a dried drop of blood which is implanted in the womb: a humble and unsophisticated substance. This reflects the grace and mercy of the Creator as much as it reflects His power. It is out of His grace that He has elevated this germ-cell to the rank of man who can be taught and who can learn:
"读！你的主是最慷慨的，他曾教人用笔写字，教人知道他所不知道的。"起点与结果之间的距离极其遥远。然而真主的能力与慷慨是无限的，因此才有了这样极其奇妙的转变。
‘Read! For your Lord is the most Bountiful One, who has taught the use of the pen, taught man what he did not know.’ The gulf between the origin and the outcome is very wide indeed. But God is limitless in His ability and generosity; hence this extremely wonderful change.
这里也显现出人类由造物主所教导这一事实。笔一直是人类学习最普遍的工具，也始终对人类的生活产生最深远的影响。在启示降临之时，这一事实远不如今天这般清晰。但真主知道笔的价值，因此在《古兰经》第一章中，在这份给人类的最终讯息之初提到了笔。然而，承担传递这一讯息之责的真主的使者ﷺ却不会书写。如果《古兰经》是他自己所作，他就不会在第一时刻便强调这一事实。但《古兰经》是真主所启示的讯息。
Here also emerges the fact of man’s teaching by the Creator. The pen has always been the most widespread means of learning and it has always had the most far- reaching impact on man’s life. This fact was not as clear at the time of revelation as it is now. But God knows the value of the pen; hence, this reference to the pen at the beginning of this His final message to humanity, in the first sūrah of the Qur’ān. Yet God’s Messenger charged with the delivery of this message could not write. Had the Qur’ān been his own composition, he would not have stressed this fact at the first moment. But the Qur’ān is a message God has revealed.
然后，该章说明了知识的来源，那就是真主。人从祂那里获得他的一切知识，无论过去、现在还是未来。人从祂那里学到向他所揭示的关于这个宇宙、生命和他自身的任何奥秘。
The sūrah then states the source of learning, which is God. From Him man receives all his knowledge, past, present and future. From Him man learns any secret revealed to him about this universe, life and himself.
这段在伊斯兰讯息最初时刻所启示的经文，阐明了信仰及其理念的全面基础。一切都始于、运行于并依于祂的名。祂是创造者、originator，也是施教者。人所学到的一切，以及他所获得的经验与知识，根本上都源自真主。祂教导了人所不知道的东西。先知ﷺ认识到了这一古兰经的基本事实。它支配着他一生的情感、教导与实践，因为这是信仰的根本事实。
This single paragraph revealed at the very first moment of the Islamic message states the comprehensive basis of faith and its concepts. Everything starts, works and moves in His name. He is the One who creates, originates and teaches. Whatever man learns and whatever experience and knowledge he acquires come originally from God. He has taught man what he did not know. The Prophet recognized this basic Qur’ānic fact. It governed his feelings, teachings and practices for the rest of his life because it is the principal fact of faith.
伊玛目伊本·盖伊姆·al-Jawziyyah 总结了先知关于记念真主的教导：
Note: "God" translated as 真主, and no ﷺ needed since the Prophet is not mentioned by name here.
Imām Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah summarizes the Prophet’s teaching concerning remembrance of God:
先知是对神的记念（dhikr）最为完美的人。他所说的一切都属于这种记念。他的命令、禁令、立法、对主及其属性的教导、判断、行为、许诺与警告，都是这种记念的组成部分。他对神的赞美与颂扬、祷告、他的畏惧与盼望，乃至他的沉默，也同样如此。他在任何时候、任何状态下都意识到神的存在。他赞美神，是出于他本性的一部分，仿佛他每一次呼吸都在赞美祂。事实上，他无论站立、坐着或斜倚，无论行走、骑乘、移动，无论在家还是在旅途中，都在赞美祂。
The Prophet was the most perfect man with regard to his remembrance of God. Indeed whatever he spoke was in the line of such remembrance. His commands, prohibitions, legislation, what he taught about the Lord and His attributes, judgements, actions, promises and threats were all part of this remembrance. o were his praise and glorification of God, prayers, his feelings of fear and hope and even his silence. He was conscious of God at all times and in every state. His praise of God was part of his very nature as if he praised Him with every breath. Indeed he praised Him as he stood up, sat or reclined and when walking, riding, moving, at home or travelling.
当他醒来时,常说:"赞美真主,在使我们死亡之后又使我们复活,我们终将归于祂。"[布哈里辑录。]阿伊莎说,先知ﷺ在夜里醒来时,会说:"真主至大",并重复十次。然后他会重复十次:"除真主外,别无应受崇拜者",并祈祷:"我的主啊,我求祢庇护我,使我免受今世与复活日的困厄",也重复十次。然后他才开始拜功。阿伊莎还说,先知ﷺ夜里起来进行敬拜时,会说:"我的主啊,除祢之外别无应受崇拜者。赞美归于祢。我恳求祢宽恕我的罪过,向祢祈求怜悯。我的主啊,求祢增加我的知识,在祢已赐我正道之后,不要让我的心偏离。求祢赐我慈悯,因为祢是最慷慨的主。"[这两段圣训均由艾布·达武德辑录。]先知ﷺ还教导我们:无论谁夜里起身,说:"除真主独一之外别无应受崇拜者;祂没有伙伴;一切主权属于祂,一切赞颂归于祂;祂对万事都有能力;赞美真主,祂的荣耀无限;除真主外别无应受崇拜者;真主至大;没有任何力量能在祂的允许之外运作;祂是至大至高的",之后再说:"我的主啊,请宽恕我",或其他任何祈祷,他的祈祷就会被应允。如果他行小净并拜功,这些拜功也会被接受。[布哈里辑录。]
有一次,真主的使者ﷺ在伊本·阿拔斯家中过夜。伊本·阿拔斯later报告说,先知ﷺ醒来时,举手向天,诵读《阿勒·伊姆兰》章的最后十节经文,然后说:"我的主啊,一切赞颂归于祢;祢是天地及其中万物的光明;赞美归于祢,真正的主啊;祢的应许是真实的;祢所说的都是真实的;与祢相见是真实的;天堂是真实的;火狱是真实的;众先知是真实的;复活时辰是真实的。" 我将自己交付于You，我信仰You，并依靠You。我终将归向You。我所卷入的任何争执，都是为了You。我向You寻求裁决。求You宽恕我一切的罪过，无论过去与将来，公开与隐秘。You是我的主，除You之外别无真神。若非真主的允许，任何力量都无法运行；祂是伟大的，至高无上的。”[由al-Bukhārī、Muslim和Aĥmad辑录。] ‘Ā’ishah传述，先知夜间起来礼拜时，常说：“我的主啊，你是Gabriel、Mikā’īl和Isrāfīl的主，是天地的创造者，知晓隐秘与显露的一切。”ﷺ
When he woke up he used to say, ‘Praise be to God who has given us life after He had caused us to die. To Him we shall be resurrected.’ [Related by al- Bukhārī.] `Ā’ishah said that the Prophet used to say when he woke up at night, ‘God is Supreme,’ and would repeat it ten times. Then he would repeat ten times the statement, ‘There is no deity but God,’ and pray, ‘My Lord, I seek refuge with You against constraint in this life and on the Day of Resurrection,’ repeating it also ten limes. Then he would start his formal prayers. `Ā’ishah also said that when the Prophet woke up at night for his devotion he would say, ‘There is no God but You, my Lord. Praise be to You. I beseech You to forgive my sins and appeal to You for mercy. My Lord, enrich my knowledge and cause not my heart to go astray after You have granted me Your guidance. Grant me Your mercy, for You are the most Bountiful One.’ [Both ahādīth are related by Abū Dāwūd.] The Prophet has also taught us that whoever gets up at night and says, ‘There is no deity other than God alone; He has no partner; to Him belongs all dominion and to Him is due all praise; He is able to do everything; praised is God who is limitless in His glory; there is no deity but God; God is great; no power can operate without His permission; He is the Great, the Supreme,’ and after this says, ‘My Lord, forgive me,’ or any other prayer, his prayers will be answered. Should he make ablution and offer prayers, these will be accepted. [Related by al-Bukhārī.] God’s Messenger once stayed overnight at Ibn `Abbās’s home, who later reported that when the Prophet woke up he raised his hands to the sky and read the last ten verses of sūrah Āl `Imrān before going on to say, ‘My Lord, to You belongs all praise; You are the light of heaven and earth and all therein; praise be to You, the true Lord; Your promise is true; whatever You say is true; the meeting with You is true; heaven is true; hell is true; the Prophets are true; and the Hour is true. I submit myself to You, I believe in You and depend on You. To You I shall return. Any dispute I may enter into is for You. To You I turn for judgement. Forgive me all my sins, past and future, public and secret. You are my Lord and there is no God but You. No power can operate without God’s permission; He is the Great, the Supreme.’ [Related by al-Bukhārī, Muslim and Aĥmad.] `Ā’ishah related that when the Prophet woke up at night to worship he used to say, ‘My God, the Lord of Gabriel, Mikā’īl and Isrāfīl, the Creator of heaven and earth, who knows what is concealed and what is made public.
你在仆人们的争端中作裁决。求你按照你的旨意，引导我走向人们争论和分歧的真理，因为你引导你所意欲的人走上正道。"她也可能说过，他曾在礼拜开始时这样说。"[穆斯林、提尔米济和伊本·马哲辑录。]
先知在举行维特尔拜之后，曾三次重复说："赞颂至圣的真主。"[艾布·达乌德、奈萨仪和艾哈迈德辑录。]
他出门离家时会说："奉真主之名。"
You judge between Your servants in their disputes. Guide me, with Your own will, to the truth over which people argue and dispute, for You guide whom You will to the straight path.’ She might have also said that he used to say this at the start of his prayers. [Related by Muslim, al-Tirmidhī and Ibn Mājah.] After offering the witr prayer, the Prophet used to repeat three times, ‘Glorified be God, the Holy One.’ [Related by Abū Dāwūd, al-Nasā’ī and Aĥmad.]. When he went out of his house he would say, ‘In the name of God.
我信靠真主。主啊，我祈求您保护我，不让我走入歧途，也不使他人走入歧途；不让我犯错，也不使他人犯错；不让我不公正地对待任何人，也不让我遭受他人的不公；不让我无知地行事，也不让我被他人无知地对待。"[由提尔米兹、艾布·达乌德和艾哈迈德转述。]先知说："凡出门时说：'奉真主之名'的人……
I place my trust in God. My Lord, I appeal to You to guard me against going astray or causing anyone to go astray, and against making a slip or causing anyone to slip, and being unjust to anyone or being victim to any injustice by others, and against acting ignorantly, or being ignorantly done by.’ [Related by al Tirmidhī, Abū Dāwūd and Aĥmad.] The Prophet said, “Whoever says as he leaves his home: ‘In the name of God.
我信靠真主。没有任何力量能够运作,除非经真主允许。”回答将是:“你蒙受正道,得到了妥善的保护。”恶魔将被迫离他而去。”[由提尔米兹和艾布·达五德记述。]
伊本·阿拔斯谈到先知ﷺ在他家中留宿的那一夜时说,先知ﷺ前往清真寺做晨礼时说:“我的主啊,求你使我的心、舌、耳、目都有光明;使我前面、后面、上面、下面都有光明;并使你赐予我的光明增加。”[由布哈里和穆斯林记述。]
艾布·赛义德·胡德里传述,先知ﷺ说:“当一个人出门前往清真寺礼拜时说:‘我的主啊,我凭那些向你祈祷之人的权利,凭我走向你之路程的权利,向你祈求。我出来时并无自负之心,也无伪善或骄傲,亦非为了求取名声。我出来是希望避开你的愤怒,获得你的喜悦。我祈求你使我免于火狱,并赦免我的罪过;唯有你才赦免罪过。’那么,七万位天使将受命为他祈求宽恕,真主也会接纳他并欢迎他,直到他礼拜完毕。”[由艾哈迈德和伊本·马哲记述。]
艾布·达五德记述,先知ﷺ进入清真寺时说:“我求真主庇佑,求至伟的真主、祂的尊贵面容和祂古老的权能,使我免受被逐者撒旦的侵害。”当一个人这样说时,恶魔就会说:“他在这一天的余下时间里已受到保护,不能再被我侵害了。”
先知ﷺ说:“你们中任何一人来到清真寺时,应当礼拜,为先知ﷺ祈求平安,并说:‘我的主啊,为我开启你慈悯的大门。’当他离开清真寺时,应当说:‘我的主啊,我祈求你以你的恩惠赐予我。’”[由穆斯林、艾布·达五德和伊本·马哲记述。] 据传，先知进入清真寺时，会为穆罕默德（他自己）及其家人祈求平安，然后说：“我的主啊，求你赦免我的罪过，为我开启你慈恩的门户。”离开时，他同样为穆罕默德及其家人祈求平安，并说：“我的主啊，求你赦免我的罪过，为我敞开你恩惠的门户。”［由艾哈迈德和提尔米兹圣训集辑录。］礼完晨礼后，真主的使者会停留在他的礼拜处，直到日出，并以记念真主来度过这段时间。
I place my trust in God. No power is operative without God’s leave,’ will be answered: ‘You are rightly guided and well protected,’ and the devil will be made to turn away from him.” [Related by al-Tirmidhī and Abū Dāwūd.] Referring to the night when he was host to God’s Messenger, Ibn `Abbās said that when the Prophet left for the dawn prayers at the mosque he said, ‘My Lord, give me light in my heart, tongue, ears and eyes: give me light in front of me, over me and below me, and make the light You give me abundant.’ [Related by al-Bukhārī and Muslim.] Abū Said al-Khudrī relates that the Prophet said: “When a man goes out to the mosque for prayers and says, ‘My Lord, I appeal to You by the right of those who pray to You, and the right of my journey to You. I have not come out with any feeling of self- sufficiency, nor in hypocrisy or conceit, nor to seek reputation. I have come out with the hope of avoiding Your anger and earning Your pleasure. I pray to You to save me from hell and to forgive me my sins; You are the only One who forgives sins;’ seventy thousand angels will be charged with praying for his forgiveness and God will receive and welcome him until he finishes his prayers.’ [Related by Aĥmad and Ibn Mājah.] Abū Dāwūd related that the Prophet used to say when he entered the mosque, ‘I seek refuge with God, the Great, and His Holy face, and His old power against Satan, the outcast.’ When a man says this, the Devil says, ‘He is now protected against me for the rest of the day.’ The Prophet said: “Whenever any of you comes to the mosque, let him pray and ask peace for the Prophet and say, ‘My Lord, open to me the doors of Your mercy.’ When he leaves the mosque, let him say, ‘My Lord, I pray to You to give me out of Your grace.’“ [Related by Muslim, Abū Dāwūd and Ibn Mājah.] It is also related that when the Prophet entered the mosque, he would ask peace for Muĥammad (himself) and his household, then he would say, ‘My Lord, forgive me my sins and open the doors of Your mercy to me.’ When he left, he would again ask peace for Muĥammad and his household, and say, ‘My Lord, forgive me my sins and lay open to me the doors of Your grace.’ [Related by Aĥmad and al-Tirmidhī.] After offering the dawn prayers, God’s Messenger used to stay in his praying place until sunrise, utilizing his time in remembrance of God.
早晨，他会说："我们的主啊，我们凭着您的旨意活到了这个早晨，我们也凭着您的旨意活到傍晚。我们凭着您的旨意生，也凭着您的旨意死。我们终将归于您。"[由al-Tirmidhī、Abū Dāwūd和Ibn Mājah转述。]他还常说："清晨已经来临。今天早晨，一切权柄都属于真主，愿祂受赞颂。除了独一的真主，别无应受崇拜者。祂没有同伴；整个宇宙都属于祂，一切赞美都归于祂。祂对所欲之事全能。我的主啊，我求您赐予我今天最好的，以及接下来各日最好的。我求您庇护我，使我免受今天及接下来各日之恶。我的主啊，我求您庇护我，使我免于懒惰与衰老之恶，免于地狱之苦和坟墓之苦。"傍晚时，他会重复同样的祈祷，只把"早晨"换成"傍晚"。[由Muslim转述。]先知的同伴Abū Bakr曾对他说："请教我早晚应诵的祈祷。"真主的使者教给他这段祈祷："我的主啊，天地的创造者，知晓显见与隐秘、可感与不可感之事的主，万物的主宰与拥有者，我见证除您之外别无应受崇拜者。我求您保护我，使我免受自身之恶和撒旦之恶；我求您庇护我，使我不伤害自己，也不伤害任何穆斯林。"先知告诉Abū Bakr早晨、傍晚和就寝前都应诵此祈祷。[由al-Tirmidhī和Abū Dāwūd转述。]30
In the morning, he would say, ‘Our Lord, we have lived till this morning by Your will, and we also live till evening by Your will. We live and die by Your will. To You we will return.’ [Related by al-Tirmidhī, Abū Dāwūd and Ibn Mājah.] He also used to say, ‘The morning has appeared. This morning all dominion belongs to God, praised be He. There is no deity but God alone. He has no partner; to Him belongs all the universe and to Him is all praise due. He is able to do what He wills. My Lord, I pray to You to give me of the best of this day and the best of the days to follow. I seek refuge with You against the evil of this day and the days to follow. My Lord, I seek Your refuge against laziness and the evils of old age, against suffering in hell and suffering in the grave.’ In the evening he would repeat the same prayer substituting evening for morning. [Related by Muslim.] Abū Bakr, the Prophet’s Companion said once to him: “Teach me some prayers to say in the morning and in the evening.” God’s Messenger taught him the following prayer, ‘My Lord, the Creator of heaven and earth, who knows the visible and the unseen, the perceptible and the imperceptible, the Lord and Possessor of all, I declare that there is no deity but You. I appeal to You to protect me against my own evil and the evil of Satan; I seek Your refuge against doing myself any harm or causing harm to any Muslim.’ The Prophet told Abū Bakr to say this prayer in the morning, evening and before going to bed. [Related by al-Tirmidhī and Abū Dāwūd.] 30
当真主的使者ﷺ穿上新衣时，他会说出衣服的名称（例如衬衫、长袍或头巾），并说："我的主啊，赞美归于你。"
When God’s Messenger had a new garment, he would mention it by name (for example, a shirt, gown or turban) and say, ‘My Lord, praise be to You.
"我祈求祢赐予我它的善，以及它所被创造的善；我也祈求祢保护我免受它的恶，以及它所被创造的恶。"[由提尔米兹、艾布·达乌德、艾哈迈德和奈萨仪所传述。] 31
You have given me this. I pray to You to give me its goodness and the goodness for which it was made; and to guard me against its evil and the evil for which it was made.’ [Related by al-Tirmidhī, Abū Dāwūd, Aĥmad and al- Nasā’ī.] 31
先知过去每当回到家中,都会念诵以下祷词:"赞美真主,是祂赐予我这个住所和足够我所需的一切;赞美真主,是祂赐予我食物和饮水,赞美真主,是祂以恩惠赐予我丰厚的给养。我求祢保佑我免于火狱。"[艾布·达乌德辑录。]在最可靠的两部圣训集,即布哈里和穆斯林的著作中已证实,先知ﷺ在将要进入厕所时,会说:"我的主啊,我求祢使我远离污秽之物。"32
The Prophet was in the habit of saying the following prayer when he returned home, ‘Praise be to God who has given me this shelter and what is sufficient for me; and praise be to God who has given me food and drink, and praise be to God who has given me abundance out of His generosity. I pray to You to extend Your protection to me against hell.’ [Related by Abū Dāwūd.] It is confirmed in the two most authentic Ĥadīth anthologies by al-Bukhārī and Muslim that, as the Prophet was about to enter the toilet, he used to say, ‘My Lord, I pray to You to rid me of evil things.’32
当他如厕完毕时，他常说："我求你宽恕，我的主。"[由al-Tirmidhī转述。]另有记载称，他还会说："赞颂归于真主，祂使我摆脱了伤害，并赐我健康。"[由Ibn Mājah转述。] 33
When he finished his toilet, he used to say, ‘I seek Your forgiveness, my Lord.’ [Related by al-Tirmidhī.]. It is also reported that he would say, ‘Praise be to God who has ridden me of harm and given me good health.’ [Related by Ibn Mājah.] 33
据《圣训》记载，他曾将手伸入一个盛水的容器中，并对他的同伴们说："奉真主之名净身。"[由al-Nasā'ī辑录。] 34
It is also confirmed that he once put his hand in a water container and said to his Companions, ‘Make ablutions in the name of God.’ [Related by al- Nasā’ī.] 34
当他看到新月时，他常说："我的主啊，愿它以安全、信仰、平安和顺服于你的状态来临我们。新月啊，真主是我的主，也是你的主。"【由提尔米兹、艾哈迈德和达里密收录。】35
When he saw the new moon, he used to say, ‘My Lord, let it come to us with security, faith, safety and submission to You. New moon, God is my Lord and Your Lord.’ [Related by al- Tirmidhī, Aĥmad and al-Dārimī.] 35
当他开始进食时，他常说："奉真主之名。"他还说："你们中任何人进食时，应当提及真主之名。如果他忘记了，就应当在想起时说：'奉真主之名，始终如一。'"[提尔米兹圣训集所载。] 36
When he started eating, he used to say, ‘In the name of God.’ He also said, ‘When any of you eats, let him mention the name of God. If he forgets to do so, let him say [when he remembers], in the name of God at the beginning and at the end.’ [Related by al-Tirmidhī.] 36
这就是真主使者的生活。其中的每一个细节，都受到他在使命伊始所接受的神圣指示的约束。这一指示使他的信仰得以建立在真实的根基之上。
Thus was the life of God’s Messenger. It was conditioned, down to every single detail, by the divine instruction which he received at the very first moment of his message. This instruction helped his faith to be established on a genuine basis.