我们现在需要讨论对白德尔战役的描述，即本段经文第一节中所称的“真假分明之日”。
We need now to discuss the description of the Battle of Badr as the “day when the true was distinguished from the false,” as it occurs in the first verse of the present passage.
badr 之战是在真主全然的筹划、指引和佑助下开始并结束的，正如大多数注释家所言，它确实是区分真理与虚妄的标准。然而，我们在此所讲的区分要广泛得多，也深刻得多。这里所指的真理，是那原初的真理，天地的整体结构以及一切生灵的本性都建立在它之上。它体现在真主独一的观念之中，真主是唯一拥有对宇宙的全面主权和权威的神明。是他筹划着一切发生的事情。宇宙中的一切：天、地、有生命和无生命之物，都服从于他的权威，这权威不容任何人与之分享。他的旨意毫无疑问地必定实现。另一方面，虚妄是附带的，尽管在badr之时，它曾蔓延于整个大地，遮蔽了人们的视线，使他们无法分辨原初的真理。它还造就了统治人们生活、主宰人们事务的暴虐神明。这就是badr之役中所发生的区分的本质：原初的真理与暴虐的虚妄被区分开来，从此再不会相互混淆。
The Battle of Badr, which started and finished according to God’s own planning, direction and help, was indeed a criterion of distinction between truth and falsehood, as most commentators say. However, we are speaking here of a distinction that is much wider and far more profound. The truth, as meant here, is that original truth on the basis of which the whole structure of the heavens and the earth is established, as also the nature of all living things. It is the truth represented in the concept of God’s oneness, and His being the only deity who has the overall sovereignty, and authority over the universe. It is He who plans all that takes place. Everything in the universe: the heavens, the earth, animate and inanimate objects submit to His authority that admits no partnership with anyone. His will is enforceable without question. Falsehood, on the other hand, is incidental, although at the time of Badr it spread over the whole earth, beclouding people’s vision so that they could not distinguish the original truth. It also created tyrannical deities that ruled over people’s lives and conducted their affairs. That was the nature of the distinction that took place at Badr, when the original truth was distinguished from the tyrannical falsehood so that they could no longer be confused.
深远而意义重大的真假之分在badr发生，其意义是多层面的。它在人们的心灵和良知之中区分了真理与虚妄。这实际上在纯粹的一神信仰与各种形式的多神信仰之间划出了彻底的界限：纯粹的一神信仰主张，人的情感、行为、道德、崇拜与顺服，唯独归于真主，而多神信仰则在各种形态中背离这一点。这当然包括在心智上顺服真主以外的任何事物，无论那是一个人、一种欲望、一种社会价值，还是一种传统。
The far-reaching and profound significance of the distinction between the truth and falsehood that took place at Badr was multidimensional. It separated the truth from falsehood within people’s hearts and consciences. This provided, in effect, a complete distinction between absolute monotheism that assigns authority over human feelings, behaviour, morals, worship and submission to God alone, and polytheism in all its shapes and forms. This certainly includes mental submission to anyone other than God, be that a human being, a desire, a social value or a tradition.
正如在信仰层面，白德尔战役也在日常生活中区分了真理与谬误。它清楚地划分了两种状态：一方面是人们在实际生活中受他人、私欲、价值观、法律和传统的奴役；另一方面是在这一切事务上接受真主的裁决，承认祂没有同伴，没有伙伴，祂是唯一的主宰和唯一的立法者。由此，人类得以昂首挺胸，拒绝一切暴政，除真主这位唯一的立法者之外，不向任何权威低头。
Badr also separated truth from falsehood in daily life situations. It provided a clear separation between people’s practical enslavement by other people, desires, values, laws and traditions on the one hand, and accepting, in all these matters, God’s judgement, recognizing that He has no associate or partner, and that He is the only Lord and legislator. Thus human beings were able to raise their heads high, rejecting all tyranny and bending to no authority other than that of God, the only law-giver.
badr战役还划分了伊斯兰运动历史上的两个不同阶段：凝聚、坚韧与坚守的阶段，以及力量、先发制人与主动出击的阶段。伊斯兰教代表着一种关于生活的新观念、一套生活准则、一种社会秩序以及一套国家与政府体制。所有这些，都是伊斯兰教通过在人类生活中确立真主的主权、摒弃一切暴政，从而实现全世界人类解放的成果。因此，伊斯兰必须始终获得力量并主动出击。伊斯兰的本性不是坐等事态与发展。它不能仅仅停留于体现在功修仪式与道德行为中的信条集合。它必须采取行动，确立其新观念，践行其生活准则，并奠定其新的社会秩序与国家的基础。这就要求清除一切阻碍其宪章在穆斯林群体生活中、起初实际执行、之后在整个人类生活中实际执行的物质与现实障碍。不必说，真主已将这一切赐予我们，以供实际执行。
The Battle of Badr also separated two different stages in the history of the Islamic movement: the stage of grouping, perseverance and steadfastness, and the stage of strength, pre-emption and taking the initiative. The religion of Islam represents a new concept of life, a code of living, a social order and a system of state and government. All these are results of the liberation of humanity all over the world which Islam achieves through the establishment of God’s sovereignty in human life and by rejecting all tyranny. As such, Islam must always acquire strength and take the initiative. It is not in the nature of Islam to remain in waiting for events and developments. It cannot remain a collection of beliefs that are represented in worship rituals and moral behaviour. It must take action to establish its new concept, practice its code of living and lay the foundation of its new social order and state. This requires the removal of all physical and material impediments that hinder the practical implementation of its constitution in the life of the Muslim community at first, and later in human life as a whole. Needless to say, God has given us all these for practical implementation.
Badr也划分了人类历史的两个纪元。在伊斯兰制度确立之前，整个人类是一个截然不同的存在。伊斯兰新的生命观和新的穆斯林共同体意味着人类的重生，而新的价值体系则奠定了新社会秩序和新法律规范的基础。自从Badr之后，这些已不再是穆斯林独有的财富，它们逐渐成为全人类的共同财富，并深刻地影响了人类，无论是在伊斯兰之地之内还是之外。这既适用于那些对伊斯兰持友好态度的人，也适用于那些怀有敌意的人。从西方出发、意图在伊斯兰本土上消灭伊斯兰的十字军，也深受他们所要摧毁的穆斯林社会传统的强烈影响。
Badr also separated two epochs in human history. Prior to the establishment of the Islamic system, humanity as a whole was a totally different entity. The new Islamic concept of life and the new Muslim community meant a rebirth of humanity, while the new set of values provided the foundation of a new social order and a new code of law. After Badr, these were no longer the sole property of the Muslims alone. They gradually became the property of all humanity, which came to be profoundly influenced by them, within the land of Islam and outside it. This applied to those who adopted a friendly attitude to Islam, and also to those who were hostile. The Crusaders who marched from the West to exterminate Islam in its own territory were strongly influenced by the traditions of the Muslim society they came to destroy.
当他们回到家乡后，在见识了伊斯兰制度中延续下来的各种传统之后，他们终结了盛行于欧洲的封建制度。
When they went home, they put an end to the feudal system that prevailed in Europe, after they had seen the lingering traditions of the Islamic system.
在犹太人和十字军居住于穆斯林地区的怂恿下,鞑靼人从东方进军,意欲终结伊斯兰教。然而,他们最终受到了伊斯兰信仰的影响。他们不仅皈依伊斯兰教,还进一步将其传播到广阔的新地域,并建立了一个新的伊斯兰国家,该国从十五世纪延续至二十世纪,兴盛于欧洲腹地附近。自白德尔之战以来,无论在伊斯兰之地还是在其反对者之地,人类历史都深受真理与谬误之间那一伟大区分的影响。
Encouraged by the Jews and Crusaders living in the Muslim areas, the Tartars marched from the East to put an end to Islam. They, however, were eventually influenced by the Islamic faith. They not only adopted Islam, but went further to spread it across vast new areas and establish a new Islamic state that flourished close to the European hinterland from the fifteenth to the twentieth centuries. Ever since the Battle of Badr, human history is strongly influenced by that great distinction between the truth and falsehood, whether in the land of Islam or in the land of its opponents.
Badr也清楚地区分了两种决定胜负原因的观念。这场战役发生之时，一切表面因素都明显预示着多神教徒将获胜，穆斯林将失败。伪信徒和心存疾病者说："这些人被他们的信仰迷惑了。"（第49节）由于这是不信者的多数与穆斯林少数之间的第一场大战，真主意欲让它以这种特定方式发生，从而清楚地区分胜利与失败的原因。因此，坚定的信仰能够战胜人数优势和更优良的装备，使人们知道，胜利属于那种具备力量要素、并旨在激发人类最大潜能的信仰。信仰真道的人必须努力奋斗，投身于反对谬误的战斗，而不必等到自己拥有与敌人相同的物质力量。他们应当意识到，自己还拥有另一种能够扭转局势的力量。这些并非空话，而是一个明显的事实。
Badr also provided a clear distinction between two outlooks defining the causes of defeat and victory. The battle took place at a time when all apparent factors clearly indicated a victory for the unbelievers and predicted a defeat for the Muslims. The hypocrites and those sick at heart declared: “Their faith has deluded these people.” (Verse 49) Since it was the first major battle between the unbelieving majority and the Muslim minority, God willed that it should take place in this particular fashion in order to provide a clear distinction between causes of victory and defeat. Strong faith was thus able to overcome numerical strength and superior equipment so that people should know that victory belongs to the faith that has the elements of strength and is designed to bring out the best in human beings. Those who believe in the true faith must strive hard and join the battle against falsehood, without waiting until they have the same material strength as their enemy. They should be aware that they have another type of strength that can tip the balance in their favour. These are not idle words. This is an evident reality.
发生在巴德尔的战役，还在另一层意义上区分了真理与虚妄，这一点我们可以从这章经文开头部分真主的话语中推知。
The Battle of Badr was also a distinction between the truth and falsehood in a different sense, which we derive from God’s statement in the early part of the sūrah:
“神曾应许你们，两支军队之一必归你们所有。你们愿意的是那支没有力量的军队归你们，而神的旨意是依照祂的话语确立真理，并消灭不信道者。这样，祂必使真理确立，使虚妄显露，即使罪人们厌恶这一切。”（第7-8节）
“God promised you that one of the two hosts would fall to you. It was your wish that the one which was not powerful to be yours, but it was God’s will to establish the truth in accordance with His words and to wipe out the unbelievers. Thus He would certainly establish the truth firmly and show falsehood to be false, however hateful this might be to the evildoers.” (Verses 7-8)
那些随先知从麦地那出发的穆斯林，原本只想截获阿布·苏福扬率领的商队。然而，真主另有安排。祂希望他们错过截获商队的机会，转而与艾布·哲海率领的军队交战。祂希望他们经历一场艰苦的战斗，有战士阵亡，也有俘虏被俘。祂不愿让他们获得一次轻松的任务，以获取丰厚战利品而告终。此外，祂告诉他们，祂这样做是为了“使真理坚定，使虚妄消亡”。（第8节）
Those Muslims who marched with the Prophet from Madinah wanted only to capture the trade caravan led by Abū Sufyān. God, however, wanted something else for them. He wanted them to miss out on capturing the trade caravan and to meet in battle the army led by Abū Jahl. He wanted them to go through a hard battle when fighters are killed and prisoners are taken. He did not want them to have an easy mission which ended in the capture of handsome booty. Furthermore, He told them that He willed this in order to “establish the truth firmly and show falsehood to be false.” (Verse 8)
在人类社会中,真理不能仅凭对真理与谬误的任何理论阐述而确立,谬误也不能仅仅因为某种学理上的信念——认为一方为真、另一方为假——而被清楚地看出是虚假的。只有当谬误的势力被粉碎、真理的权威获得胜利时,现实世界中真理的确立和谬误的消除才能实现。这发生在真理之军战胜谬误之力量的时候。这一宗教并非仅供辩论的理论,而是一套切实的生活准则。
This is a clear reference to a fundamental issue. In human society, the truth cannot be established and falsehood cannot be clearly seen as false on the basis of any theoretical exposition of each, or even by an academic belief that the one is true and the other is false. The establishment of truth and the eradication of falsehood in the real world can only come about when the might of falsehood is smashed and the authority of truth is triumphant. This takes place when victory is achieved by the army of truth over the forces of falsehood. This religion is not a mere theory for debate. It is a practical code of living.
神的旨意必定实现了：真理得以确立为真，虚妄则被清楚地显明为假。神确已declare了祂的目的：祂让祂的使者怀着真理离开家乡，使商队（那支力量弱小的队伍）得以脱离追赶者，并促成与强大军队的相遇，从而使战斗得以发生。
God’s purpose was certainly achieved with the truth firmly established as true and falsehood clearly seen as false. He has indeed stated His purpose behind bringing His Messenger out of his hometown with the truth, allowing the caravan (the host of little might) to escape its chasers and bringing about the encounter with the mighty host, so that the battle could take place.
所有这些都是伊斯兰运作方式所特有的一项区分标准。由此,我们能够清楚地看到这种运作方式的本质,以及穆斯林如何看待它。今天,我们感到这一标准的必要性与重要性,因为我们看到,人们对伊斯兰基本概念的理解中开始出现模糊之处。事实上,一些号召他人皈依这一宗教的人,自己也未能摆脱这种模糊。
All this is a criterion of distinction characteristic of the method of operation of Islam. We are thus able to clearly see the nature of this method of operation and how it is perceived by Muslims. Today we feel the need and the importance of this criterion as we witness ambiguity creeping into people’s perception of basic Islamic concepts. Indeed some of those who call others to embrace this religion are not free from such ambiguity.
发生在伯德尔的战役，确实是在这一整套概念的意义上，将真理与虚妄区分开来的一种方式。
The Battle of Badr was indeed a way to separate the true from the false in the sense of this whole range of concepts.
"God has power over all things." (Verse 41) The Battle of Badr was an indisputable example of the working of God's power. It was an event that cannot be explained in any way other than its being brought about by God's power, which can easily accomplish whatever He wants.
Chinese translation:
“真主对万物都有全能。”（第41节）白德尔战役便是真主大能运行的无可争辩的明证。这一事件除了归因于真主的大能之外，无法以任何其他方式加以解释，而真主的大能能够轻易成就祂所愿意的一切。
“God has power over all things.” (Verse 41) The Battle of Badr was an indisputable example of the working of God’s power. It was an event that cannot be explained in any way other than its being brought about by God’s power which can easily accomplish whatever He wants.